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The '''Duolingo English Test''' '''(DET)''' is a [[Standardised test|standardized test]] of [[English language]] (similar to [[Test of English as a Foreign Language|TOEFL]], [[International English Language Testing System|IELTS]], and [[Test of English for International Communication|TOEIC]]) but designed to be internet first rather than paper based. DET was developed by [[Duolingo]] and grew in popularity and acceptance at universities during the [[COVID-19 pandemic|COVID 19 pandemic]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Can’t Take the TOEFL? Duolingo Might Offer an Alternative |url=https://www.topuniversities.com/student-info/university-news/cant-take-toefl-duolingo-might-offer-alternative |access-date=2023-05-28 |website=Top Universities |language=en}}</ref> The test is used by over 4,000 university admissions offices including [[Harvard University|Harvard]], [[Stanford University|Stanford]], [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]], and [[Yale University|Yale]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Duolingo English Test |url=https://englishtest.duolingo.com/institutions |access-date=2023-05-28 |website=englishtest.duolingo.com |language=en}}</ref> [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] accepts the test as part of its student visa program.<ref name=Yim>{{cite news |last1=Yim |first1=Noah |title=Duolingo trying to get government to okay its test for international students |url=https://www.news.com.au/technology/duolingo-trying-to-get-government-to-okay-its-test-for-international-students/news-story/c985573a22c2b1dfca1bb596bdfc6fde |access-date=24 June 2022 |work=News.com.au |date=4 March 2022}}</ref> DET is an online, [[Computerized adaptive testing|adaptive test]] which means it uses [[Artificial intelligence|AI]] to adapt the difficulty of the test as you progress.<ref name=Yim/> Universities in UK such as the [[London School of Economics]], [[Imperial College London]], [[Kingston University]], [[University of Southampton]], [[Middlesex University]] also accept the Duolingo test.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Which top UK universities accept Duolingo? |url=https://edvoy.com/articles/which-top-uk-universities-accept-duolingo/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=edvoy |language=en}}</ref>
The '''Duolingo English Test''' '''(DET)''' is a [[Standardised test|standardized test]] of [[English language]] (similar to [[Test of English as a Foreign Language|TOEFL]], [[International English Language Testing System|IELTS]], and [[Test of English for International Communication|TOEIC]]) but designed to be internet first rather than paper based. DET was developed by [[Duolingo]] and grew in popularity and acceptance at universities during the [[COVID-19 pandemic|COVID 19 pandemic]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Can't Take the TOEFL? Duolingo Might Offer an Alternative |url=https://www.topuniversities.com/student-info/university-news/cant-take-toefl-duolingo-might-offer-alternative |access-date=2023-05-28 |website=Top Universities |language=en}}</ref> The test is used by over 4,000 university admissions offices including [[Harvard University|Harvard]], [[Stanford University|Stanford]], [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]], and [[Yale University|Yale]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Duolingo English Test |url=https://englishtest.duolingo.com/institutions |access-date=2023-05-28 |website=englishtest.duolingo.com |language=en}}</ref> [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] accepts the test as part of its student visa program.<ref name=Yim>{{cite news |last1=Yim |first1=Noah |title=Duolingo trying to get government to okay its test for international students |url=https://www.news.com.au/technology/duolingo-trying-to-get-government-to-okay-its-test-for-international-students/news-story/c985573a22c2b1dfca1bb596bdfc6fde |access-date=24 June 2022 |work=News.com.au |date=4 March 2022}}</ref> DET is an online, [[Computerized adaptive testing|adaptive test]] which means it uses [[Artificial intelligence|AI]] to adapt the difficulty of the test as you progress.<ref name=Yim/> Universities in UK such as the [[London School of Economics]], [[Imperial College London]], [[Kingston University]], [[University of Southampton]], [[Middlesex University]] also accept the Duolingo test.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Which top UK universities accept Duolingo? |url=https://edvoy.com/articles/which-top-uk-universities-accept-duolingo/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=edvoy |language=en}}</ref>


The Duolingo English Test is entirely computer-based and can be taken from any location with an internet connection. The test is scored on a scale of 10-160, with scores above 120 considered to be proficient in English. The test is adaptive, which means that the difficulty level of the questions adjusts to the test-taker's ability level.
The Duolingo English Test is entirely computer-based and can be taken from any location with an internet connection. The test is scored on a scale of 10-160, with scores above 120 considered to be proficient in English. The test is adaptive, which means that the difficulty level of the questions adjusts to the test-taker's ability level.
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== References ==
== References ==
<references /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Isbell |first=Daniel R. |last2=Crowther |first2=Dustin |last3=Nishizawa |first3=Hitoshi |date=2023-04-24 |title=Speaking performances, stakeholder perceptions, and test scores: Extrapolating from the Duolingo English test to the university |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02655322231165984 |journal=Language Testing |pages=026553222311659 |doi=10.1177/02655322231165984 |issn=0265-5322}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Isaacs |first=Talia |last2=Hu |first2=Ruolin |last3=Trenkic |first3=Danijela |last4=Varga |first4=Julia |date=2023-04-03 |title=Examining the predictive validity of the Duolingo English Test: Evidence from a major UK university |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/02655322231158550 |journal=Language Testing |language=en |pages=026553222311585 |doi=10.1177/02655322231158550 |issn=0265-5322}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liao |first=Manqian |last2=Attali |first2=Yigal |last3=von Davier |first3=Alina A. |last4=Lockwood |first4=J. R. |date=2022 |editor-last=Wiberg |editor-first=Marie |editor2-last=Molenaar |editor2-first=Dylan |editor3-last=González |editor3-first=Jorge |editor4-last=Kim |editor4-first=Jee-Seon |editor5-last=Hwang |editor5-first=Heungsun |title=Quality Assurance in Digital-First Assessments |url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-04572-1_20 |journal=Quantitative Psychology |series=Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics |language=en |location=Cham |publisher=Springer International Publishing |pages=265–276 |doi=10.1007/978-3-031-04572-1_20 |isbn=978-3-031-04572-1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Belzak |first=William C. M. |date=2023-04-07 |title=The regDIF R Package: Evaluating Complex Sources of Measurement Bias Using Regularized Differential Item Functioning |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10705511.2023.2170235 |journal=Structural Equation Modeling |language=en |pages=1–11 |doi=10.1080/10705511.2023.2170235 |issn=1070-5511}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Attali |first=Yigal |last2=Runge |first2=Andrew |last3=LaFlair |first3=Geoffrey T. |last4=Yancey |first4=Kevin |last5=Goodwin |first5=Sarah |last6=Park |first6=Yena |last7=von Davier |first7=Alina A. |date=2022 |title=The interactive reading task: Transformer-based automatic item generation |url=https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frai.2022.903077 |journal=Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence |volume=5 |doi=10.3389/frai.2022.903077/full |issn=2624-8212}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kunnan |first=Antony John |last2=Qin |first2=Coral Yiwei |last3=Zhao |first3=Cecilia Guanfang |date=2022-08-08 |title=Developing a Scenario-Based English Language Assessment in an Asian University |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15434303.2022.2073886 |journal=Language Assessment Quarterly |language=en |volume=19 |issue=4 |pages=368–393 |doi=10.1080/15434303.2022.2073886 |issn=1543-4303}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Langenfeld |first=Thomas |last2=Burstein |first2=Jill |last3=von Davier |first3=Alina A. |date=2022 |title=Digital-First Learning and Assessment Systems for the 21st Century |url=https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feduc.2022.857604 |journal=Frontiers in Education |volume=7 |doi=10.3389/feduc.2022.857604/full |issn=2504-284X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=LaFlair |first=Geoffrey T. |last2=Langenfeld |first2=Thomas |last3=Baig |first3=Basim |last4=Horie |first4=André Kenji |last5=Attali |first5=Yigal |last6=von Davier |first6=Alina A. |date=August 2022 |title=Digital‐first assessments: A security framework |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jcal.12665 |journal=Journal of Computer Assisted Learning |language=en |volume=38 |issue=4 |pages=1077–1086 |doi=10.1111/jcal.12665 |issn=0266-4909}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=McCarthy |first=Arya D. |last2=Yancey |first2=Kevin P. |last3=LaFlair |first3=Geoff T. |last4=Egbert |first4=Jesse |last5=Liao |first5=Manqian |last6=Settles |first6=Burr |date=2021 |title=Jump-Starting Item Parameters for Adaptive Language Tests |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.emnlp-main.67 |journal=Proceedings of the 2021 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing |location=Stroudsburg, PA, USA |publisher=Association for Computational Linguistics |doi=10.18653/v1/2021.emnlp-main.67}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=D. W. |first=Liya Astarilla |date=2019 |title=The Effect of Duolingo on English as Foreign Language University Students’ Vocabulary Mastery |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0009104502090215 |journal=Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Social, Economy, Education and Humanity |publisher=SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications |doi=10.5220/0009104502090215}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=News |first=The PIE |date=2020-03-16 |title=US: more universities accepting the Duolingo English Test amid coronavirus uncertainty |url=https://thepienews.com/news/us-more-heis-accepting-the-duolingo-english-test-amid-uncertainty/ |access-date=2023-05-28 |website=thepienews.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Isbell |first=Daniel R. |last2=Crowther |first2=Dustin |last3=Nishizawa |first3=Hitoshi |date=2023-04-24 |title=Speaking performances, stakeholder perceptions, and test scores: Extrapolating from the Duolingo English test to the university |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/02655322231165984 |journal=Language Testing |language=en |pages=026553222311659 |doi=10.1177/02655322231165984 |issn=0265-5322}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liao |first=Manqian |last2=Patton |first2=Jeffrey |last3=Yan |first3=Ray |last4=Jiao |first4=Hong |date=2021-04-03 |title=Mining Process Data to Detect Aberrant Test Takers |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15366367.2020.1827203 |journal=Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives |language=en |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=93–105 |doi=10.1080/15366367.2020.1827203 |issn=1536-6367}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Yancey |first=Kevin P. |last2=Settles |first2=Burr |date=2020-08-20 |title=A Sleeping, Recovering Bandit Algorithm for Optimizing Recurring Notifications |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3394486.3403351 |journal=Proceedings of the 26th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery &amp; Data Mining |location=New York, NY, USA |publisher=ACM |doi=10.1145/3394486.3403351}}</ref> {{Duolingo}}
<references /><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Isbell |first1=Daniel R. |last2=Crowther |first2=Dustin |last3=Nishizawa |first3=Hitoshi |date=2023-04-24 |title=Speaking performances, stakeholder perceptions, and test scores: Extrapolating from the Duolingo English test to the university |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02655322231165984 |journal=Language Testing |pages=026553222311659 |doi=10.1177/02655322231165984 |s2cid=258325954 |issn=0265-5322}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Isaacs |first1=Talia |last2=Hu |first2=Ruolin |last3=Trenkic |first3=Danijela |last4=Varga |first4=Julia |date=2023-04-03 |title=Examining the predictive validity of the Duolingo English Test: Evidence from a major UK university |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/02655322231158550 |journal=Language Testing |language=en |pages=026553222311585 |doi=10.1177/02655322231158550 |s2cid=257975807 |issn=0265-5322}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Liao |first1=Manqian |last2=Attali |first2=Yigal |last3=von Davier |first3=Alina A. |last4=Lockwood |first4=J. R. |date=2022 |editor-last=Wiberg |editor-first=Marie |editor2-last=Molenaar |editor2-first=Dylan |editor3-last=González |editor3-first=Jorge |editor4-last=Kim |editor4-first=Jee-Seon |editor5-last=Hwang |editor5-first=Heungsun |title=Quality Assurance in Digital-First Assessments |url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-04572-1_20 |journal=Quantitative Psychology |series=Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics |volume=393 |language=en |location=Cham |publisher=Springer International Publishing |pages=265–276 |doi=10.1007/978-3-031-04572-1_20 |isbn=978-3-031-04572-1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Belzak |first=William C. M. |date=2023-04-07 |title=The regDIF R Package: Evaluating Complex Sources of Measurement Bias Using Regularized Differential Item Functioning |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10705511.2023.2170235 |journal=Structural Equation Modeling |language=en |pages=1–11 |doi=10.1080/10705511.2023.2170235 |s2cid=258035179 |issn=1070-5511}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Attali |first1=Yigal |last2=Runge |first2=Andrew |last3=LaFlair |first3=Geoffrey T. |last4=Yancey |first4=Kevin |last5=Goodwin |first5=Sarah |last6=Park |first6=Yena |last7=von Davier |first7=Alina A. |date=2022 |title=The interactive reading task: Transformer-based automatic item generation |journal=Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence |volume=5 |page=903077 |doi=10.3389/frai.2022.903077 |pmid=35937141 |pmc=9354894 |issn=2624-8212 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kunnan |first1=Antony John |last2=Qin |first2=Coral Yiwei |last3=Zhao |first3=Cecilia Guanfang |date=2022-08-08 |title=Developing a Scenario-Based English Language Assessment in an Asian University |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15434303.2022.2073886 |journal=Language Assessment Quarterly |language=en |volume=19 |issue=4 |pages=368–393 |doi=10.1080/15434303.2022.2073886 |s2cid=251540867 |issn=1543-4303}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Langenfeld |first1=Thomas |last2=Burstein |first2=Jill |last3=von Davier |first3=Alina A. |date=2022 |title=Digital-First Learning and Assessment Systems for the 21st Century |journal=Frontiers in Education |volume=7 |doi=10.3389/feduc.2022.857604 |issn=2504-284X |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=LaFlair |first1=Geoffrey T. |last2=Langenfeld |first2=Thomas |last3=Baig |first3=Basim |last4=Horie |first4=André Kenji |last5=Attali |first5=Yigal |last6=von Davier |first6=Alina A. |date=August 2022 |title=Digital‐first assessments: A security framework |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jcal.12665 |journal=Journal of Computer Assisted Learning |language=en |volume=38 |issue=4 |pages=1077–1086 |doi=10.1111/jcal.12665 |s2cid=247883674 |issn=0266-4909}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=McCarthy |first1=Arya D. |last2=Yancey |first2=Kevin P. |last3=LaFlair |first3=Geoff T. |last4=Egbert |first4=Jesse |last5=Liao |first5=Manqian |last6=Settles |first6=Burr |date=2021 |title=Jump-Starting Item Parameters for Adaptive Language Tests |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.emnlp-main.67 |journal=Proceedings of the 2021 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing |pages=883–899 |location=Stroudsburg, PA, USA |publisher=Association for Computational Linguistics |doi=10.18653/v1/2021.emnlp-main.67|s2cid=243865410 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=D. W. |first=Liya Astarilla |date=2019 |title=The Effect of Duolingo on English as Foreign Language University Students' Vocabulary Mastery |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0009104502090215 |journal=Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Social, Economy, Education and Humanity |pages=209–215 |publisher=SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications |doi=10.5220/0009104502090215|isbn=978-989-758-464-0 |s2cid=247472669 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=News |first=The PIE |date=2020-03-16 |title=US: more universities accepting the Duolingo English Test amid coronavirus uncertainty |url=https://thepienews.com/news/us-more-heis-accepting-the-duolingo-english-test-amid-uncertainty/ |access-date=2023-05-28 |website=thepienews.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Isbell |first1=Daniel R. |last2=Crowther |first2=Dustin |last3=Nishizawa |first3=Hitoshi |date=2023-04-24 |title=Speaking performances, stakeholder perceptions, and test scores: Extrapolating from the Duolingo English test to the university |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/02655322231165984 |journal=Language Testing |language=en |pages=026553222311659 |doi=10.1177/02655322231165984 |s2cid=258325954 |issn=0265-5322}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Liao |first1=Manqian |last2=Patton |first2=Jeffrey |last3=Yan |first3=Ray |last4=Jiao |first4=Hong |date=2021-04-03 |title=Mining Process Data to Detect Aberrant Test Takers |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15366367.2020.1827203 |journal=Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives |language=en |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=93–105 |doi=10.1080/15366367.2020.1827203 |s2cid=235914894 |issn=1536-6367}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Yancey |first1=Kevin P. |last2=Settles |first2=Burr |date=2020-08-20 |title=A Sleeping, Recovering Bandit Algorithm for Optimizing Recurring Notifications |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3394486.3403351 |journal=Proceedings of the 26th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery & Data Mining |pages=3008–3016 |location=New York, NY, USA |publisher=ACM |doi=10.1145/3394486.3403351|isbn=9781450379984 |s2cid=219860828 }}</ref> {{Duolingo}}
{{Language tests}}
{{Language tests}}


Revision as of 11:56, 3 June 2023

Duolingo English Test (DET)
AcronymDET
TypeInternet-based standardized test
AdministratorDuolingo
Skills testedEnglish receptive and productive skills
PurposeTo assess the English language proficiency of non-native English speakers.
Year started2016
Duration1 hour
Score range10-160
Score validity2 years
OfferedAnytime, anywhere
RegionsGlobally Available on a Desktop or Laptop Computer with a Camera and Microphone
LanguagesEnglish
Fee$59
Used byHarvard Business School, Harvard Medical School, Stanford (Undergraduate Admissions), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) (Undergraduate Admissions) and over 4500+ other institutions around the world
Websiteenglishtest.duolingo.com Edit this at Wikidata

The Duolingo English Test (DET) is a standardized test of English language (similar to TOEFL, IELTS, and TOEIC) but designed to be internet first rather than paper based. DET was developed by Duolingo and grew in popularity and acceptance at universities during the COVID 19 pandemic.[1] The test is used by over 4,000 university admissions offices including Harvard, Stanford, MIT, and Yale.[2] Ireland accepts the test as part of its student visa program.[3] DET is an online, adaptive test which means it uses AI to adapt the difficulty of the test as you progress.[3] Universities in UK such as the London School of Economics, Imperial College London, Kingston University, University of Southampton, Middlesex University also accept the Duolingo test.[4]

The Duolingo English Test is entirely computer-based and can be taken from any location with an internet connection. The test is scored on a scale of 10-160, with scores above 120 considered to be proficient in English. The test is adaptive, which means that the difficulty level of the questions adjusts to the test-taker's ability level.

One of the main advantages of the Duolingo English Test is its convenience and accessibility. Test-takers can take the test at any time, from anywhere in the world, and receive their results within 48 hours. Additionally, the test is affordable and typically costs less than other English proficiency tests such as TOEFL or IELTS.

Linking DET Score Ranges to other scores

TOEFL iBT Score (0-100) IELTS Academic Band (0-9) Duolingo English Test (10-160)
120 8.5-9 160
119 8 155
117-118 150
113-116 7.5 145
109-112 140
104-108 7 135
98-103 130
93-97 6.5 125
87-92 120
82-86 6 115
76-81 110
70-75 105
65-69 5.5 100
59-64 95
53-58 5 90
47-52 85
41-46 80
35-40 4.5 75
30-34 70
24-29 65
0-23 0-4 10-60
Sample: TOEFL iBT data included 328 official score reports and 1,095 self-reported scores. IELTS Academic data included 1,643 official score reports and 4,420 self-reported scores[5]
  • Note: the above comparison scores are provided by Duolingo, the company that creates the DET test.[5]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Can't Take the TOEFL? Duolingo Might Offer an Alternative". Top Universities. Retrieved 2023-05-28.
  2. ^ "Duolingo English Test". englishtest.duolingo.com. Retrieved 2023-05-28.
  3. ^ a b Yim, Noah (4 March 2022). "Duolingo trying to get government to okay its test for international students". News.com.au. Retrieved 24 June 2022.
  4. ^ "Which top UK universities accept Duolingo?". edvoy. Retrieved 2022-12-14.
  5. ^ a b "Duolingo English Test". englishtest.duolingo.com. Retrieved 2023-05-05.

[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]

  1. ^ Isbell, Daniel R.; Crowther, Dustin; Nishizawa, Hitoshi (2023-04-24). "Speaking performances, stakeholder perceptions, and test scores: Extrapolating from the Duolingo English test to the university". Language Testing: 026553222311659. doi:10.1177/02655322231165984. ISSN 0265-5322. S2CID 258325954.
  2. ^ Isaacs, Talia; Hu, Ruolin; Trenkic, Danijela; Varga, Julia (2023-04-03). "Examining the predictive validity of the Duolingo English Test: Evidence from a major UK university". Language Testing: 026553222311585. doi:10.1177/02655322231158550. ISSN 0265-5322. S2CID 257975807.
  3. ^ Liao, Manqian; Attali, Yigal; von Davier, Alina A.; Lockwood, J. R. (2022). Wiberg, Marie; Molenaar, Dylan; González, Jorge; Kim, Jee-Seon; Hwang, Heungsun (eds.). "Quality Assurance in Digital-First Assessments". Quantitative Psychology. Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics. 393. Cham: Springer International Publishing: 265–276. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-04572-1_20. ISBN 978-3-031-04572-1.
  4. ^ Belzak, William C. M. (2023-04-07). "The regDIF R Package: Evaluating Complex Sources of Measurement Bias Using Regularized Differential Item Functioning". Structural Equation Modeling: 1–11. doi:10.1080/10705511.2023.2170235. ISSN 1070-5511. S2CID 258035179.
  5. ^ Attali, Yigal; Runge, Andrew; LaFlair, Geoffrey T.; Yancey, Kevin; Goodwin, Sarah; Park, Yena; von Davier, Alina A. (2022). "The interactive reading task: Transformer-based automatic item generation". Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence. 5: 903077. doi:10.3389/frai.2022.903077. ISSN 2624-8212. PMC 9354894. PMID 35937141.
  6. ^ Kunnan, Antony John; Qin, Coral Yiwei; Zhao, Cecilia Guanfang (2022-08-08). "Developing a Scenario-Based English Language Assessment in an Asian University". Language Assessment Quarterly. 19 (4): 368–393. doi:10.1080/15434303.2022.2073886. ISSN 1543-4303. S2CID 251540867.
  7. ^ Langenfeld, Thomas; Burstein, Jill; von Davier, Alina A. (2022). "Digital-First Learning and Assessment Systems for the 21st Century". Frontiers in Education. 7. doi:10.3389/feduc.2022.857604. ISSN 2504-284X.
  8. ^ LaFlair, Geoffrey T.; Langenfeld, Thomas; Baig, Basim; Horie, André Kenji; Attali, Yigal; von Davier, Alina A. (August 2022). "Digital‐first assessments: A security framework". Journal of Computer Assisted Learning. 38 (4): 1077–1086. doi:10.1111/jcal.12665. ISSN 0266-4909. S2CID 247883674.
  9. ^ McCarthy, Arya D.; Yancey, Kevin P.; LaFlair, Geoff T.; Egbert, Jesse; Liao, Manqian; Settles, Burr (2021). "Jump-Starting Item Parameters for Adaptive Language Tests". Proceedings of the 2021 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics: 883–899. doi:10.18653/v1/2021.emnlp-main.67. S2CID 243865410.
  10. ^ D. W., Liya Astarilla (2019). "The Effect of Duolingo on English as Foreign Language University Students' Vocabulary Mastery". Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Social, Economy, Education and Humanity. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications: 209–215. doi:10.5220/0009104502090215. ISBN 978-989-758-464-0. S2CID 247472669.
  11. ^ News, The PIE (2020-03-16). "US: more universities accepting the Duolingo English Test amid coronavirus uncertainty". thepienews.com. Retrieved 2023-05-28. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  12. ^ Isbell, Daniel R.; Crowther, Dustin; Nishizawa, Hitoshi (2023-04-24). "Speaking performances, stakeholder perceptions, and test scores: Extrapolating from the Duolingo English test to the university". Language Testing: 026553222311659. doi:10.1177/02655322231165984. ISSN 0265-5322. S2CID 258325954.
  13. ^ Liao, Manqian; Patton, Jeffrey; Yan, Ray; Jiao, Hong (2021-04-03). "Mining Process Data to Detect Aberrant Test Takers". Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives. 19 (2): 93–105. doi:10.1080/15366367.2020.1827203. ISSN 1536-6367. S2CID 235914894.
  14. ^ Yancey, Kevin P.; Settles, Burr (2020-08-20). "A Sleeping, Recovering Bandit Algorithm for Optimizing Recurring Notifications". Proceedings of the 26th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery & Data Mining. New York, NY, USA: ACM: 3008–3016. doi:10.1145/3394486.3403351. ISBN 9781450379984. S2CID 219860828.
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