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Querfront (lit. 'cross-front') is a German term originating in Weimar politics and referring to the cooperation between the far-right and far-left, or nationalist and socialist ideologies as well as the combination of their positions.^[1] It is primarily understood as a strategy to unite forces in an effort to gain power. The term was first, and most prominently, used in the Weimar Republic, where it referred to the cooperation between conservative revolutionaries and the far-left.

The term sees adoption as a descriptor, or outright stated strategy, in modern day Germany. Some have however criticized the modern usage as inaccurate from a historical perspective.^[1]^[2]

History

Some factions and members in the KPD and KAPD who rejected the Treaty of Versailles and were ready to align themselves with dissident nationalist groups in the German army in order to garner more support.^[3] These members, primarily Heinrich Laufenberg and Fritz Wolffheim, were at the time described as "National Bolsheviks", but nonetheless carried the same Querfront strategy.^[4] Later, explicit National Bolsheviks such as Ernst Niekisch and Karl Otto Paetel would emerge, which directly supported the combination of nationalist and socialist ideologies. Paetel explicitly engaged in this strategy, stating the goal of his organizations, first the Arbeitsring junge Front, and later the Group of Social Revolutionary Nationalists, to bring together radicals of left and right in pursuit of a "third way" between the NSDAP and the KPD, encompassing both nationalism and socialist economics.^[5]

Chancellor of the Weimar Republic between 1932 and 1933, Kurt von Schleicher, is credited with the first practical use of the strategy, in part characterizing the term, seeking to create a Querfront as a support base for his chancellorship through attempting to split off the Strasserist segment of the Nazi Party in order to merge it with the trade unions as way of forcing Hitler to support his government.^[2]^[6] This plan however failed, and it is viewed as unlikely that Schleicher was actually serious about his proposal.^[7]

Modern examples and usage

In an February 1989 interview with the magazine Tempo [de] in February 1989, the leader of the German neo-Nazi scene at the time, Michael Kühnen, was asked why anarchists and neo-Nazis didn't band together to fight the state, in response he stated:

"There are a number of reasons for acting together: both the Autonomists and the National Socialists despise the bourgeois order. Both hate its decadence and fight against democracy. After we have gotten rid of this pig system, we can squabble about which order is superior."^[8]

The Kampfbund Deutscher Sozialisten (1999-2008) was founded with the explicit aim of uniting the political left and right via the Querfront strategy, wanting to eliminate differences between the two sides and serve as a "Discussion and combat forum on the basis of the collective commitment to Volk [nation] and homeland".^[9]^[10]^[11] The strategy has failed the group overall, it being able to attract few actual leftists and being described by a former member, Axel Reitz, as "nothing more than the usual neo-nazi group", which lead to its dissolution in 2008. Despite this overall failure however, the Berlin sector of the organization lead by Michael Koth, a former communist activist who lead his own Querfront group before the KDS known as the Workers' Party of Germany (PdAD), was said to have a far more national bolshevik lean, taking influences from both Juche and the former SED.^[12]

The far-right German magazine Compact by former left-wing activist Jürgen Elsässer has been described as a "Querfront-Magazine".^[13]^[14]^[15]^[16]

During the COVID-19 protests in Germany, some publications have used the term to refer to left-wing and right-wing cooperation on demonstrations.^[17] David Begrich however argued in the newspaper taz, that the term was misused in the situation since, while the left and right had cooperated, their generally opposing ideals remained separate and didn't combine or move towards approaching each other.^[1]^[18]

Prominent Left Party politician Sahra Wagenknecht has on some occasions been accused of running on a Querfront strategy through her idea of "conservative socialism".^[19]^[20]^[21] This accusation became most prominent after the Berlin peace rally on 14 February 2023 organized by Wagenknecht and feminist Alice Schwarzer, which called for negotiations and a stop of military support to Ukraine, since many supporters of Russia and the far-right were in attendance.^[21]^[22] A 2023 article in the The Washington Post additionally suggested that the Kremlin is trying to establish a German anti-war coalition between Wagenknecht and the Alternative for Germany based on the Querfront model.^[23]^[24]^[25]

The term Querfront is also used to refer to the far-right taking on, or rather more explicitly talking about, left-wing issues such as anti-capitalism, or taking on left-wing strategies as seen in the Autonomous Nationalists.^[2]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Peter, Erik (2020-05-21). "Rechte Ideologie auf Hygienedemos: Links und rechts vereint auf Demos?". Die Tageszeitung: taz (in German). ISSN 0931-9085. Retrieved 2023-08-11.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Querfront | Brandenburgische Landeszentrale für politische Bildung". www.politische-bildung-brandenburg.de. Retrieved 2023-08-11.
^ Pierre Broué, Ian Birchall, Eric D. Weitz, John Archer, The German Revolution, 1917–1923, Haymarket Books, 2006, pp. 325–326.
^ Timothy S. Brown, Weimar Radicals: Nazis and Communists Between Authenticity and Performance, Berghahn Books, 2009, p. 95.
^ Brown, Weimar Radicals, pp. 32
^ Henry Ashby Turner (1996). Hitler's thirty days to power. Internet Archive. Addison-Wesley. ISBN 978-0-201-40714-3.
^ Turner, Henry Ashby (2008). "The Myth of Chancellor Von Schleicher's Querfront Strategy". Central European History. 41 (4): 673–681. ISSN 0008-9389. JSTOR 20457400.
^ "Ich, Kühnen – Deutschlands gefürchtetster Nazi erklärt sich". waahr.de (in German). 2013-11-26. Retrieved 2023-08-11.
^ "Verfassungsschutzbericht NRW 1999" (PDF).
^ "Wer sind wir - Langener Erklärung". 2005-04-07. Archived from the original on 2008-12-20. Retrieved 2023-08-05. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; 2005-02-12 suggested (help)
^ Grumke, Thomas; Wagner, Bernd (2013-03-08). Handbuch Rechtsradikalismus: Personen — Organisationen — Netzwerke vom Neonazismus bis in die Mitte der Gesellschaft (in German). Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-322-97559-1.
^ "Verfassungsschutzbericht Berlin 2005" (PDF).
^ "Q wie Querfront: Über die Allianz der Populisten - mit Volker Weiß" (in German). Heinrich Böll Foundation. 25 January 2017. Retrieved 26 September 2021.
^ Thomas Vitzthum (1 September 2015). "Anti-Kapitalismus: Linker Publizist von der NPD für "Volksfront" gelobt". Die Welt (in German). Retrieved 20 February 2021.
^ "Reichsbürger, Neonazis und Antisemiten - Querfront kapert Friedensdemonstrationen". Störungsmelder (in German). 16 April 2014. Retrieved 20 February 2021.
^ Erik Peter (16 April 2014). "Neurechte "Friedensbewegung": Im Kampf gegen die Medien-Mafia". Die Tageszeitung (in German). Retrieved 20 February 2021.
^ Hurtz, Simon (2020-05-12). "Corona-Querfront: Feindbilder und Verschwörungsmythen". Süddeutsche.de (in German). Retrieved 2023-08-11.
^ Zantke, Michael. "Ein Jebsen macht noch keine Querfront". jungle.world (in German). Retrieved 2023-08-11.
^ Schmoll, Thomas. "Wagenknecht, die Ein-Frau-Querfront ohne Mehrheit". n-tv.de (in German). Retrieved 2023-08-11.
^ Vorreyer, Thomas. "Wagenknecht auf "Friedensdemo": "Sie haben Angst vor uns"". tagesschau.de (in German). Retrieved 2023-08-11.
^ ^a ^b Stöcker, Christian (2023-02-26). "Kundgebung in Berlin: Querfront ja, aber bitte diskret! - Kolumne". Der Spiegel (in German). ISSN 2195-1349. Retrieved 2023-08-11.
^ "Germany: Left Party, Wagenknecht clash after 'peace' rally – DW – 02/27/2023". dw.com. Retrieved 2023-08-11.
^ "Kremlin tries to build antiwar coalition in Germany, documents show". Washington Post. 2023-04-21. Retrieved 2023-08-11.
^ Hesse, Sebastian. "US-Medien: Kreml-Plan für deutsche "Querfront"?". tagesschau.de (in German). Retrieved 2023-08-11.
^ "Geheimdokumente: Kreml will Querfront aus AfD und Wagenknecht-Lager". Berliner Zeitung (in German). 2023-04-21. Retrieved 2023-08-11.

Literature

Bozic, Ivo: Die Querfront als weltpolitisches Phänomen. In: Markus Liske, Manja Präkels (2015). Vorsicht Volk!, oder, Bewegungen im Wahn?. Verbrecher Verlag. ISBN 9783957321213

External links

Gibt es eine aus Links- und Rechtsextremisten bestehende „Querfront“? In: bpb, by Prof. Dr. Armin Pfahl-Traughber (2023)
Der Begriff Querfront: Eine historische Betrachtung In: Antifaschistisches Infoblatt, AIB 62, Nr. 1/2004, 10. March 2004.

[:0-1] Peter, Erik (2020-05-21). "Rechte Ideologie auf Hygienedemos: Links und rechts vereint auf Demos?". Die Tageszeitung: taz (in German). ISSN 0931-9085. Retrieved 2023-08-11.

[:3-2] "Querfront | Brandenburgische Landeszentrale für politische Bildung". www.politische-bildung-brandenburg.de. Retrieved 2023-08-11.

[3] Pierre Broué, Ian Birchall, Eric D. Weitz, John Archer, The German Revolution, 1917–1923, Haymarket Books, 2006, pp. 325–326.

[4] Timothy S. Brown, Weimar Radicals: Nazis and Communists Between Authenticity and Performance, Berghahn Books, 2009, p. 95.

[5] Brown, Weimar Radicals, pp. 32

[6] Henry Ashby Turner (1996). Hitler's thirty days to power. Internet Archive. Addison-Wesley. ISBN 978-0-201-40714-3.

[7] Turner, Henry Ashby (2008). "The Myth of Chancellor Von Schleicher's Querfront Strategy". Central European History. 41 (4): 673–681. ISSN 0008-9389. JSTOR 20457400.

[8] "Ich, Kühnen – Deutschlands gefürchtetster Nazi erklärt sich". waahr.de (in German). 2013-11-26. Retrieved 2023-08-11.

[:1-9] "Verfassungsschutzbericht NRW 1999" (PDF).

[10] "Wer sind wir - Langener Erklärung". 2005-04-07. Archived from the original on 2008-12-20. Retrieved 2023-08-05. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; 2005-02-12 suggested (help)

[:4-11] Grumke, Thomas; Wagner, Bernd (2013-03-08). Handbuch Rechtsradikalismus: Personen — Organisationen — Netzwerke vom Neonazismus bis in die Mitte der Gesellschaft (in German). Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-322-97559-1.

[:2-12] "Verfassungsschutzbericht Berlin 2005" (PDF).

[13] "Q wie Querfront: Über die Allianz der Populisten - mit Volker Weiß" (in German). Heinrich Böll Foundation. 25 January 2017. Retrieved 26 September 2021.

[14] Thomas Vitzthum (1 September 2015). "Anti-Kapitalismus: Linker Publizist von der NPD für "Volksfront" gelobt". Die Welt (in German). Retrieved 20 February 2021.

[15] "Reichsbürger, Neonazis und Antisemiten - Querfront kapert Friedensdemonstrationen". Störungsmelder (in German). 16 April 2014. Retrieved 20 February 2021.

[16] Erik Peter (16 April 2014). "Neurechte "Friedensbewegung": Im Kampf gegen die Medien-Mafia". Die Tageszeitung (in German). Retrieved 20 February 2021.

[17] Hurtz, Simon (2020-05-12). "Corona-Querfront: Feindbilder und Verschwörungsmythen". Süddeutsche.de (in German). Retrieved 2023-08-11.

[18] Zantke, Michael. "Ein Jebsen macht noch keine Querfront". jungle.world (in German). Retrieved 2023-08-11.

[19] Schmoll, Thomas. "Wagenknecht, die Ein-Frau-Querfront ohne Mehrheit". n-tv.de (in German). Retrieved 2023-08-11.

[20] Vorreyer, Thomas. "Wagenknecht auf "Friedensdemo": "Sie haben Angst vor uns"". tagesschau.de (in German). Retrieved 2023-08-11.

[:5-21] Stöcker, Christian (2023-02-26). "Kundgebung in Berlin: Querfront ja, aber bitte diskret! - Kolumne". Der Spiegel (in German). ISSN 2195-1349. Retrieved 2023-08-11.

[22] "Germany: Left Party, Wagenknecht clash after 'peace' rally – DW – 02/27/2023". dw.com. Retrieved 2023-08-11.

[23] "Kremlin tries to build antiwar coalition in Germany, documents show". Washington Post. 2023-04-21. Retrieved 2023-08-11.

[24] Hesse, Sebastian. "US-Medien: Kreml-Plan für deutsche "Querfront"?". tagesschau.de (in German). Retrieved 2023-08-11.

[25] "Geheimdokumente: Kreml will Querfront aus AfD und Wagenknecht-Lager". Berliner Zeitung (in German). 2023-04-21. Retrieved 2023-08-11.

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+'''Querfront''' ({{Literal translation|cross-front}}) is a [[German language|German]] term originating in Weimar politics and referring to the cooperation between the [[Far-right politics|far-right]] and [[Far-left politics|far-left]], or [[Nationalism|nationalist]] and [[Socialism|socialist]] ideologies as well as the combination of their positions.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Peter |first=Erik |date=2020-05-21 |title=Rechte Ideologie auf Hygienedemos: Links und rechts vereint auf Demos? |language=de |work=Die Tageszeitung: taz |url=https://taz.de/!5685710/ |access-date=2023-08-11 |issn=0931-9085}}</ref> It is primarily understood as a strategy to unite forces in an effort to gain power. The term was first, and most prominently, used in the [[Weimar Republic]], where it referred to the cooperation between [[Conservative Revolution|conservative revolutionaries]] and the [[Far-left politics|far-left]].
-#REDIRECT [[Third Position#Germany]]
-{{Redirect category shell|
+The term sees adoption as a descriptor, or outright stated strategy, in modern day Germany. Some have however criticized the modern usage as inaccurate from a historical perspective.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Querfront {{!}} Brandenburgische Landeszentrale für politische Bildung |url=https://www.politische-bildung-brandenburg.de/lexikon/querfront |access-date=2023-08-11 |website=www.politische-bildung-brandenburg.de}}</ref>
-{{R to section}}
-{{R with possibilities}}
+== History ==
-}}
+{{Expand section|date=August 2023}}
+Some factions and members in the [[Communist Party of Germany|KPD]] and [[Communist Workers' Party of Germany|KAPD]] who rejected the [[Treaty of Versailles]] and were ready to align themselves with dissident nationalist groups in the German army in order to garner more support.<ref>[[Pierre Broué]], Ian Birchall, Eric D. Weitz, John Archer, ''The German Revolution, 1917–1923'', Haymarket Books, 2006, pp. 325–326.</ref> These members, primarily [[Heinrich Laufenberg]] and [[Fritz Wolffheim]], were at the time described as "[[National Bolshevism|National Bolsheviks]]", but nonetheless carried the same ''Querfront'' strategy.<ref>Timothy S. Brown, ''Weimar Radicals: Nazis and Communists Between Authenticity and Performance'', Berghahn Books, 2009, p. 95.</ref> Later, explicit National Bolsheviks such as [[Ernst Niekisch]] and [[Karl Otto Paetel]] would emerge, which directly supported the combination of [[Nationalism|nationalist]] and [[Socialism|socialist]] ideologies. Paetel explicitly engaged in this strategy, stating the goal of his organizations, first the ''[[Arbeitsring junge Front]]'', and later the [[Group of Social Revolutionary Nationalists]], to bring together radicals of left and right in pursuit of a "third way" between the [[Nazi Party|NSDAP]] and the [[Communist Party of Germany|KPD]], encompassing both [[nationalism]] and socialist economics.<ref>Brown, ''Weimar Radicals'', pp. 32</ref>
+[[Chancellor of Germany|Chancellor]] of the [[Weimar Republic]] between 1932 and 1933, [[Kurt von Schleicher]], is credited with the first practical use of the strategy, in part characterizing the term, seeking to create a Querfront as a support base for his chancellorship through attempting to split off the [[Strasserism|Strasserist]] segment of the [[Nazi Party]] in order to merge it with the [[Trade union|trade unions]] as way of forcing Hitler to support his government.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Henry Ashby Turner |url=http://archive.org/details/hitlersthirtyday00turn |title=Hitler's thirty days to power |date=1996 |publisher=Addison-Wesley |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-0-201-40714-3}}</ref> This plan however failed, and it is viewed as unlikely that Schleicher was actually serious about his proposal.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Turner |first1=Henry Ashby |title=The Myth of Chancellor Von Schleicher's Querfront Strategy |journal=Central European History |date=2008 |volume=41 |issue=4 |pages=673–681 |jstor=20457400 |issn=0008-9389}}</ref>
+== Modern examples and usage ==
+In an February 1989 interview with the magazine {{Interlanguage link|Tempo (newspaper, 1986-1996)|lt=Tempo|de|Tempo (Zeitschrift)}} in February 1989, the leader of the [[German neo-Nazi]] scene at the time, [[Michael Kühnen]], was asked why [[Anarchism|anarchists]] and [[Neo-Nazism|neo-Nazis]] didn't band together to fight the state, in response he stated:<blockquote>"There are a number of reasons for acting together: both the [[Autonomism|Autonomists]] and the [[Nazism|National Socialists]] despise the bourgeois order. Both hate its decadence and fight against democracy. After we have gotten rid of this pig system, we can squabble about which order is superior."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-11-26 |title=Ich, Kühnen – Deutschlands gefürchtetster Nazi erklärt sich |url=https://www.waahr.de/texte/ich-k%C3%BChnen-%E2%80%93-deutschlands-gef%C3%BCrchtetster-nazi-erkl%C3%A4rt-sich |access-date=2023-08-11 |website=waahr.de |language=de}}</ref></blockquote>The ''[[Kampfbund Deutscher Sozialisten]]'' (1999-2008) was founded with the explicit aim of uniting the political [[Left-wing politics|left]] and [[Right-wing politics|right]] via the Querfront strategy, wanting to eliminate differences between the two sides and serve as a "Discussion and combat forum on the basis of the collective commitment to ''[[Volk]]'' [nation] and homeland".<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Verfassungsschutzbericht NRW 1999 |url=https://verfassungsschutzberichte.de/pdfs/vsbericht-nw-1999.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2005-04-07 |title=Wer sind wir - Langener Erklärung |url=http://www.kds-im-netz.de/wir.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050212162550fw_/http://www.kds-im-netz.de/wir.htm |archive-date=2008-12-20 |access-date=2023-08-05 |website=}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last1=Grumke |first1=Thomas |url= |title=Handbuch Rechtsradikalismus: Personen — Organisationen — Netzwerke vom Neonazismus bis in die Mitte der Gesellschaft |last2=Wagner |first2=Bernd |date=2013-03-08 |publisher=Springer-Verlag |isbn=978-3-322-97559-1 |language=de}}</ref> The strategy has failed the group overall, it being able to attract few actual leftists and being described by a former member, [[Axel Reitz]], as "nothing more than the usual neo-nazi group", which lead to its dissolution in 2008. Despite this overall failure however, the Berlin sector of the organization lead by [[Michael Koth]], a former communist activist who lead his own Querfront group before the KDS known as the [[Workers' Party of Germany]] (PdAD), was said to have a far more [[National Bolshevism|national bolshevik]] lean, taking influences from both [[Juche]] and the former [[Socialist Unity Party of Germany|SED]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Verfassungsschutzbericht Berlin 2005 |url=https://verfassungsschutzberichte.de/pdfs/vsbericht-be-2005.pdf}}</ref>
+The [[Far-right politics|far-right]] German magazine [[Compact (German magazine)|Compact]] by former left-wing activist [[Jürgen Elsässer]] has been described as a "Querfront-Magazine".<ref>{{cite web |date=25 January 2017 |title=Q wie Querfront: Über die Allianz der Populisten - mit Volker Weiß |url=https://www.boell.de/de/2017/01/25/querfront-volker-weiss-ueber-die-allianz-der-populisten |access-date=26 September 2021 |publisher=[[Heinrich Böll Foundation]] |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |author=Thomas Vitzthum |date=1 September 2015 |title=Anti-Kapitalismus: Linker Publizist von der NPD für "Volksfront" gelobt |language=de |work=Die Welt |url=https://www.welt.de/politik/article3039995/Linker-Publizist-von-der-NPD-fuer-Volksfront-gelobt.html |access-date=20 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 April 2014 |title=Reichsbürger, Neonazis und Antisemiten - Querfront kapert Friedensdemonstrationen |url=https://blog.zeit.de/stoerungsmelder/2014/04/16/reichsbuerger-neonazis-und-antisemiten-querfront-kapert-friedensdemonstrationen_15687 |access-date=20 February 2021 |website=Störungsmelder |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |author=Erik Peter |date=16 April 2014 |title=Neurechte "Friedensbewegung": Im Kampf gegen die Medien-Mafia |language=de |work=Die Tageszeitung |url=https://taz.de/!5044069/ |access-date=20 February 2021}}</ref>
+During the [[COVID-19 protests in Germany]], some publications have used the term to refer to left-wing and right-wing cooperation on demonstrations.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hurtz |first=Simon |date=2020-05-12 |title=Corona-Querfront: Feindbilder und Verschwörungsmythen |url=https://www.sueddeutsche.de/digital/coronavirus-verschwoerungstheorie-bill-gates-youtube-telegram-1.4904814 |access-date=2023-08-11 |website=Süddeutsche.de |language=de}}</ref> [[David Begrich]] however argued in the newspaper [[Die Tageszeitung|taz]], that the term was misused in the situation since, while the left and right had cooperated, their generally opposing ideals remained separate and didn't combine or move towards approaching each other.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Zantke |first=Michael |title=Ein Jebsen macht noch keine Querfront |url=https://jungle.world/artikel/2020/26/ein-jebsen-macht-noch-keine-querfront |access-date=2023-08-11 |website=jungle.world |language=de}}</ref>
+Prominent [[The Left (Germany)|Left Party]] politician [[Sahra Wagenknecht]] has on some occasions been accused of running on a Querfront strategy through her idea of "conservative socialism".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Schmoll |first=Thomas |title=Wagenknecht, die Ein-Frau-Querfront ohne Mehrheit |url=https://www.n-tv.de/politik/politik_kommentare/Wagenknecht-die-Ein-Frau-Querfront-ohne-Mehrheit-article23947617.html |access-date=2023-08-11 |website=n-tv.de |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Vorreyer |first=Thomas |title=Wagenknecht auf "Friedensdemo": "Sie haben Angst vor uns" |url=https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/wagenknecht-friedensdemo-querfront-101.html |access-date=2023-08-11 |website=tagesschau.de |language=de}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite news |last=Stöcker |first=Christian |date=2023-02-26 |title=Kundgebung in Berlin: Querfront ja, aber bitte diskret! - Kolumne |language=de |work=Der Spiegel |url=https://www.spiegel.de/wissenschaft/mensch/kundgebung-in-berlin-querfront-ja-aber-bitte-diskret-kolumne-a-9abaaaab-c006-4cca-947a-f81465217086 |access-date=2023-08-11 |issn=2195-1349}}</ref> This accusation became most prominent after the Berlin peace rally on 14 February 2023 organized by Wagenknecht and feminist [[Alice Schwarzer]], which called for negotiations and a stop of military support to Ukraine, since many supporters of Russia and the far-right were in attendance.<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Germany: Left Party, Wagenknecht clash after 'peace' rally – DW – 02/27/2023 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/germany-left-party-wagenknecht-clash-after-peace-rally/a-64826659 |access-date=2023-08-11 |website=dw.com |language=en}}</ref> A 2023 article in the [[The Washington Post]] additionally suggested that the [[Kremlin]] is trying to establish a German anti-war coalition between Wagenknecht and the [[Alternative for Germany]] based on the Querfront model.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-21 |title=Kremlin tries to build antiwar coalition in Germany, documents show |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/04/21/germany-russia-interference-afd-wagenknecht/ |access-date=2023-08-11 |website=Washington Post |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hesse |first=Sebastian |title=US-Medien: Kreml-Plan für deutsche "Querfront"? |url=https://www.tagesschau.de/ausland/amerika/washington-post-russland-deutschland-querfront-101.html |access-date=2023-08-11 |website=tagesschau.de |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-21 |title=Geheimdokumente: Kreml will Querfront aus AfD und Wagenknecht-Lager |url=https://www.berliner-zeitung.de/news/washington-post-kreml-chef-wladimir-putin-will-querfront-aus-afd-und-sahra-wagenknecht-lager-angeblich-friedensbewegung-unterwandert-li.340638 |access-date=2023-08-11 |website=Berliner Zeitung |language=de}}</ref>
+The term Querfront is also used to refer to the [[Far-right politics|far-right]] taking on, or rather more explicitly talking about, left-wing issues such as [[anti-capitalism]], or taking on left-wing strategies as seen in the [[Autonome Nationalisten|Autonomous Nationalists]].<ref name=":3" />
+== See also ==
+{{cols|colwidth=21em}}
+* [[Autonome Nationalisten]]
+* [[Compact (German magazine)]]
+* [[Ernst Niekisch]]
+* [[Juche]]
+* [[Kampfbund Deutscher Sozialisten]]
+* [[Kurt von Schleicher]]
+* [[Michael Koth]]
+* [[National-anarchism]]
+* [[National Bolshevism]]
+* [[Red fascism]]
+* [[Red–green–brown alliance]]
+* [[Strasserism]]
+* [[Third Position]]
+* [[Workers' Party of Germany]]{{colend}}
+== References ==
+<references />
+== Literature ==
+* Bozic, Ivo: ''Die Querfront als weltpolitisches Phänomen.'' In: Markus Liske, Manja Präkels (2015). ''Vorsicht Volk!, oder, Bewegungen im Wahn?''. Verbrecher Verlag. <nowiki>ISBN 9783957321213</nowiki>
+== External links ==
+* [https://www.bpb.de/themen/linksextremismus/dossier-linksextremismus/522435/gibt-es-eine-aus-links-und-rechtsextremisten-bestehende-querfront/ ''Gibt es eine aus Links- und Rechtsextremisten bestehende „Querfront“?''] In: [[Federal Agency for Civic Education|bpb]], by [[Armin Pfahl-Traughber|Prof. Dr. Armin Pfahl-Traughber]] (2023)
+* ''[https://www.antifainfoblatt.de/artikel/der-begriff-querfront-eine-historische-betrachtung Der Begriff Querfront: Eine historische Betrachtung]'' In: [[Antifaschistisches Infoblatt]], AIB 62, Nr. 1/2004, 10. March 2004.