Lake Rotomakariri: Difference between revisions
to compliment improved 1886 eruption of Mount Tarawera article Tag: harv-error |
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Revision as of 17:06, 19 August 2023
| Lake Rotomakariri | |
|---|---|
| Rotomakariri (Māori) | |
 Map of Mount Tarawera in 1888 with pre 1886 eruption features | |
  Lake Rotomakariri | |
| Location | North Island |
| Coordinates | 38°15′36″S 176°26′42″E / 38.26°S 176.445°E |
| Primary outflows | Awapurohe (Māori)[1] |
| Basin countries | New Zealand |
| Max. length | 0.54 km (0.34 mi)[1] |
| Max. width | 0.27 km (0.17 mi)[1] |
| References | [1] |
| Lake Rotomakariri | |
|---|---|
| Naming | |
| Etymology | Cold Lake |
| Geography | |
| Location | Bay of Plenty Region, New Zealand |
| Geology | |
| Mountain type | volcanic crater lake |
| Type of rock | basalt |
| Volcanic arc | Taupo Volcanic Zone |
| Last eruption | 1886 |
Lake Rotomakariri (alternatively Rotomakariri (Māori), Rotomakariri (New Zealand English) ) was a name given in succession to two cold water lakes that no longer exist, as in due course after the 1886 eruption of Mount Tarawera their area was were incorporated into the area of the present Lake Rotomahana, which at the time of their existence was an adjacent larger lake. Both lakes were located south west of Mount Tarawera in the North Island of New Zealand.
History
The Maori name Rotomakariri means cold water lake,[2][1] and was first used by Hochstetter.[3]
This is in contrast to the larger warm lake Rotomahana just to its west on whose shores were the famous Pink and White Terraces that like all these features were destroyed in the 1886 eruption.[1][4] The only high quality survey of the lake area before this eruption had been done by Hochstetter in 1859 despite this area rapidly becoming a famous exotic geological tourist destination.[4] High quality pictures of the then Lake Rotomahana and associated tourist attractions were widely available in Europe by 1875.[5] One of these pictures may include part of the first Lake Rotomakariri in a swampy vegetated location. The first official survey was done in 1887 after the eruption and this mapping showed a new cold water lake, also called Rotomakariri well to the east of the previous lake.[6] Pictures of this new and temporary Lake Rotomakariri in a rather desolate landscape of the fresh eruptives exist.[7] [8] In due course Lake Rotomahana|expanded again to four times its previous length to occupy much of a crater produced by the 1886 eruption. This expansion has drowned the positions occupied by both the old and new Lake Rotomakariri.
Geography
The old Lake Rotomakariri had swampy surrounds and was to the east of the White Terrace and the old Lake Rotomahana, between Lake Rotomahana and Mount Tarawera.[9][1] It drained via a creek called Awapurohe (Māori)[1] into the Kaiwaka Stream.[1] The Kaiwaka Stream which presumably was only about 1 km (0.62 mi) long drained into a southern arm of Lake Tarawera from Lake Rotomahana.[1] The old lake was only 0.54 km (0.34 mi) long.[1] After the eruption which totally destroyed the old lake, a new lake formed in the most western part of the new Rotomahana crater and this larger lake was called during its roughly decade of existence the new Lake Rotomakariri.[6]
Geology
The area of the lake and the old Lake Rotomahana were volcanic as part of the Ōkataina Caldera and occupied a vent of the 1886 eruption. The volcanics before the eruption were likely of rhyolite origin but after the eruption would have had new basaltic components.[10] One or other of these lakes is therefore the likely origin of shells of water-snails found, in a sample of fresh ash from Tauranga, the other in an ash sample from Cape Runaway.[11] The eruption accordingly both destroyed features and may have covered them in eruptives. The depth of some of these eruptives is such that the present Lake Rotomahana has now no surface drainage to Lake Tarawera and is separated from it by a ridge rather than the former stream bed. Lake Rotomahana's present water level varies by about one meter in response to rainfall and evaporation.[12]
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Thomas 1888, p. 26
- ^ "1000 Māori place names". New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage. 19 August 2023.
- ^ Hochstetter, Ferdinand (1867). New Zealand. Stuttgart: Cotta. pp. 393–394.
- ^ a b Bunn 2023, p. 1-3
- ^ Mundy, Daniel Louis; von Hochstetter, Ferdinand (1875). "Rotomahana; and the boiling springs of New Zealand". Sampson Low, Marston Low, and Searle, Crown buildings, Fleet Street. Retrieved 2022-10-16.
- ^ a b "Tarawera Eruption Map Showing the Great Fissure and Points of Eruption". Retrieved 2023-08-19.
- ^ "Lake Rotomakariri". Retrieved 2023-08-19.
- ^ "Plate No 9. — The New Lake—"Rotomakariri" — Within the Great Fissure-Looking South-west. (From a photo C. Spencer)". Retrieved 2023-08-19.
- ^ Bunn 2023, FIGURE 2 Map of Lake Rotomahana from the English edition of Hochstetter & Petermann’s Geological and Topographical Atlas of New Zealand, showing streams entering and leaving the lakes. Note the orientation from the north arrow (Hochstetter and Petermann, 1864
- ^ Berryman 2022, p. 4
- ^ Thomas 1888, p. 60
- ^ Information panel at Lake Rotomahana's shore
Sources
- Thomas, A. P. W. (1888). Report on the Eruption of Tarawera and Rotomahana, N.Z. Wellington, New Zealand: Government Printer. Retrieved 17 August 2023.</ref>
- Bunn, A. Rex (2023). "Resolving the 1886 White Terraces riddle in the Taupō Volcanic Zone". Frontiers Earth Science. 11. doi:10.3389/feart.2023.1007148.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - Furst, Severine; Hurst, Tony; Scott, Bradley (2014). Variations of the Inferno Crater Lake cycles, insights from new data. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
- Berryman, Kelvin; Villamor, Pilar; Nairn, Ian.A.; Begg, John; Alloway, Brent V.; Rowland, Julie; Lee, Julie; Capote, Ramon (2022-07-01). "Volcano-tectonic interactions at the southern margin of the Okataina Volcanic Centre, Taupō Volcanic Zone, New Zealand". Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 427: 107552. doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2022.107552. S2CID 248111450.
External links
- An undated picture labelled as showing Lake Rotomakariri in foreground. It is believed to be post 1886 but before 1896 due to the presence of fresh eruptives, absence of surrounding swamp, and Mount Tarawera with current fissure behind.
- Photo from before 1886 that is believed to include to its left a part of Lake Rotomakariri, with Mount Tarawera behind. Lake Rotomahana is definitely at the foot of the terraces in the foreground.