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Provided a reference for biofouling and equipment malfunction, and added links to RF, biofouling, and drops. Also linked oceanography and ocean observations articles to and from this article. A link to this article was added to benthic lander as well.
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{{short description|Seabed oceanographic research platforms connected to the surface by undersea cables}}
{{short description|Seabed oceanographic research platforms connected to the surface by undersea cables}}
'''Cabled observatories''' are seabed [[Oceanography|oceanographic]] research platforms connected to the surface by [[Submarine communications cable|undersea cables]]. Such cables supply both power and telecommunications to [[Scientific instrument|instruments]].<ref name=L3>{{Cite web |url=http://www2.l-3com.com/maripro/business_areas/ocean_observatory.htm/ |title=Vendor description (L3) |access-date=2012-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111117215629/http://www2.l-3com.com/maripro/business_areas/ocean_observatory.htm |archive-date=2011-11-17 |url-status=dead }}</ref> By removing the limitations of undersea power sources and sonar or RF communications, cabled observatories allow persistent study of underwater phenomena.<ref name=whoi>[http://www.whoi.edu/page.do?pid=24396/ Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute page]</ref> A single cable can support multiple observation sites via individual "drops;"<ref name=oceanworks>[http://www.oceanworks.com/cabledObservatorySystems.php/ Vendor description (Oceanworks)]</ref> multiple or branching cables may then provide data in 2D or 3D.
'''Cabled observatories''' are seabed [[Oceanography|oceanographic]] research platforms connected to the surface by [[Submarine communications cable|undersea cables]]. Such cables supply both power and telecommunications to [[Scientific instrument|instruments]].<ref name=L3>{{Cite web |url=http://www2.l-3com.com/maripro/business_areas/ocean_observatory.htm/ |title=Vendor description (L3) |access-date=2012-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111117215629/http://www2.l-3com.com/maripro/business_areas/ocean_observatory.htm |archive-date=2011-11-17 |url-status=dead }}</ref> By removing the limitations of undersea power sources and sonar or [[Radio|RF]] communications, cabled observatories allow persistent study of underwater phenomena.<ref name=whoi>[http://www.whoi.edu/page.do?pid=24396/ Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute page]</ref> A single cable can support multiple observation sites via individual "[[Drop (telecommunication)|drops]];"<ref name=oceanworks>[http://www.oceanworks.com/cabledObservatorySystems.php/ Vendor description (Oceanworks)]</ref> multiple or branching cables may then provide data in 2D or 3D.


The extent of coverage is limited by the high cost of laying dedicated undersea cable. Initial experiments used abandoned communications cables;<ref name=whoi></ref> efforts are in progress to extend observations at lower cost by accessing more such cables.
The extent of coverage is limited by the high cost of laying dedicated undersea cable. Initial experiments used abandoned communications cables;<ref name=whoi></ref> efforts are in progress to extend observations at lower cost by accessing more such cables.


Despite their advantages, cabled observatories can (and do) relay compromised data to scientists, particularly when located in remote parts of the ocean. Factors such as instrumental malfunction and biofouling are often responsible for this. Systematic improvements, to lessen the impacts of such factors, are currently being studied by groups such as [[Ocean Networks Canada]].<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Jeffries, Marlene A. |author2=Mihaly, Steven F. |author3=Jenkyns, Reyna |author4=Biffard, Ben R. |title=Detecting and Correcting Biases in Long-Term Ocean Observatory Time Series: Case Study on Current Directions Estimated From Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler Data|url=http://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/mts/mtsj/2016/00000050/00000003/art00016|journal=Marine Technology Society Journal|year=2016 |volume=50.3 (2016)|issue=3 |pages=109–113|doi=10.4031/MTSJ.50.3.9 }}</ref>
Despite their advantages, cabled observatories can (and do) relay compromised data to scientists, particularly when located in remote parts of the ocean. Factors such as instrumental malfunction and [[biofouling]] are often responsible for this.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fischer |first=Philipp |last2=Brix |first2=Holger |last3=Baschek |first3=Burkard |last4=Kraberg |first4=Alexandra |last5=Brand |first5=Markus |last6=Cisewski |first6=Boris |last7=Riethmüller |first7=Rolf |last8=Breitbach |first8=Gisbert |last9=Möller |first9=Klas Ove |last10=Gattuso |first10=Jean-Pierre |last11=Alliouane |first11=Samir |last12=van de Poll |first12=Willem H. |last13=Witbaard |first13=Rob |date=2020-08-13 |title=Operating Cabled Underwater Observatories in Rough Shelf-Sea Environments: A Technological Challenge |url=https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2020.00551/full |journal=Frontiers in Marine Science |volume=7 |doi=10.3389/fmars.2020.00551 |issn=2296-7745}}</ref> Systematic improvements, to lessen the impacts of such factors, are currently being studied by groups such as [[Ocean Networks Canada]].<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Jeffries, Marlene A. |author2=Mihaly, Steven F. |author3=Jenkyns, Reyna |author4=Biffard, Ben R. |title=Detecting and Correcting Biases in Long-Term Ocean Observatory Time Series: Case Study on Current Directions Estimated From Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler Data|url=http://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/mts/mtsj/2016/00000050/00000003/art00016|journal=Marine Technology Society Journal|year=2016 |volume=50.3 (2016)|issue=3 |pages=109–113|doi=10.4031/MTSJ.50.3.9 }}</ref>


==List of cabled observatories==
==List of cabled observatories==
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*[[Mooring (oceanography)]]
*[[Mooring (oceanography)]]
*[[Benthic lander]]
*[[Benthic lander]]
*[[Oceanography]]
*[[Ocean observations]]


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 00:41, 30 October 2023

Cabled observatories are seabed oceanographic research platforms connected to the surface by undersea cables. Such cables supply both power and telecommunications to instruments.[1] By removing the limitations of undersea power sources and sonar or RF communications, cabled observatories allow persistent study of underwater phenomena.[2] A single cable can support multiple observation sites via individual "drops;"[3] multiple or branching cables may then provide data in 2D or 3D.

The extent of coverage is limited by the high cost of laying dedicated undersea cable. Initial experiments used abandoned communications cables;[2] efforts are in progress to extend observations at lower cost by accessing more such cables.

Despite their advantages, cabled observatories can (and do) relay compromised data to scientists, particularly when located in remote parts of the ocean. Factors such as instrumental malfunction and biofouling are often responsible for this.[4] Systematic improvements, to lessen the impacts of such factors, are currently being studied by groups such as Ocean Networks Canada.[5]

List of cabled observatories

See also

References

  1. ^ "Vendor description (L3)". Archived from the original on 2011-11-17. Retrieved 2012-04-15.
  2. ^ a b Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute page
  3. ^ Vendor description (Oceanworks)
  4. ^ Fischer, Philipp; Brix, Holger; Baschek, Burkard; Kraberg, Alexandra; Brand, Markus; Cisewski, Boris; Riethmüller, Rolf; Breitbach, Gisbert; Möller, Klas Ove; Gattuso, Jean-Pierre; Alliouane, Samir; van de Poll, Willem H.; Witbaard, Rob (2020-08-13). "Operating Cabled Underwater Observatories in Rough Shelf-Sea Environments: A Technological Challenge". Frontiers in Marine Science. 7. doi:10.3389/fmars.2020.00551. ISSN 2296-7745.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  5. ^ Jeffries, Marlene A.; Mihaly, Steven F.; Jenkyns, Reyna; Biffard, Ben R. (2016). "Detecting and Correcting Biases in Long-Term Ocean Observatory Time Series: Case Study on Current Directions Estimated From Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler Data". Marine Technology Society Journal. 50.3 (2016) (3): 109–113. doi:10.4031/MTSJ.50.3.9.
  6. ^ "ERIS".


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