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The '''Los Rastros Formation''' is a mid-[[Carnian]] fossiliferous [[Formation (geology)|formation]] of the [[Agua de la Peña Group]], in the [[Ischigualasto-Villa Unión Basin]] of northwestern [[Argentina]]. Fossil [[archosaur]] tracks,<ref name="Leonardi1994_p20">Leonardi, 1994, p.20</ref> as well as many [[insect]]s, fish,<ref name=":1" /> [[bivalve]]s, [[crustacea]]ns and plants have been reported from the formation.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Mancuso |first=A. C. |last2=Marsicano |first2=C. A. |date=2008-08-01 |title=Paleoenvironments and taphonomy of a Triassic lacustrine system (Los Rastros Formation, central-western Argentina) |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/250083027 |journal=PALAIOS |language=en |volume=23 |issue=8 |pages=535–547 |doi=10.2110/palo.2007.p07-064r |issn=0883-1351}}</ref>
The '''Los Rastros Formation''' is a mid-[[Carnian]] fossiliferous [[Formation (geology)|formation]] of the [[Agua de la Peña Group]], in the [[Ischigualasto-Villa Unión Basin]] of northwestern [[Argentina]]. Fossil [[archosaur]] tracks,<ref name="Leonardi1994_p20">Leonardi, 1994, p.20</ref> as well as many [[insect]]s,<ref name=":13">{{Cite journal |last=Mancuso |first=Adriana C. |last2=Gallego |first2=Oscar F. |last3=Martins-Neto |first3=Rafael G. |date=2007 |title=The Triassic insect fauna from the Los Rastros Formation (Bermejo Basin), La Rioja Province (Argentina): its context, taphonomy and paleobiology |url=http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?pid=S0002-70142007000200006&script=sci_arttext |journal=Ameghiniana |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=337–348}}</ref> fish,<ref name=":1" /> [[bivalve]]s, [[crustacea]]ns and plants have been reported from the formation.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Mancuso |first=A. C. |last2=Marsicano |first2=C. A. |date=2008-08-01 |title=Paleoenvironments and taphonomy of a Triassic lacustrine system (Los Rastros Formation, central-western Argentina) |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/250083027 |journal=PALAIOS |language=en |volume=23 |issue=8 |pages=535–547 |doi=10.2110/palo.2007.p07-064r |issn=0883-1351}}</ref>


== Geology ==
== Geology ==
The formation overlies the [[Chañares Formation]] (and/or the [[Ischicuca Formation]]), and is overlain by the [[Ischigualasto Formation]].<ref name=Aceituno2015_p60>Aceituno Cieri, 2015, p.60</ref> The formation belongs to the [[Agua de la Peña Group]] of the [[Ischigualasto-Villa Unión Basin]], where it is exposed in the [[Ischigualasto Provincial Park]], a [[World Heritage Site]] in Argentina.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kent |first=Dennis V. |last2=Santi Malnis |first2=Paula |last3=Colombi |first3=Carina E. |last4=Alcober |first4=Oscar A. |last5=Martínez |first5=Ricardo N. |date=2014-05-19 |title=Age constraints on the dispersal of dinosaurs in the Late Triassic from magnetochronology of the Los Colorados Formation (Argentina) |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4050597/pdf/pnas.201402369.pdf |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=111 |issue=22 |pages=7958–7963 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1402369111 |issn=0027-8424}}</ref> The up to {{convert|1000|m|ft}} thick formation of [[claystone]]s, [[mudstone]]s and [[sandstone]]s was deposited in a [[river delta|deltaic]] to [[lacustrine]] [[depositional environment|environment]] during the first post-rift sequence in the basin.<ref name=Aceituno2015_p60/><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mancuso |first=Adriana Cecilia |date=2009 |title=Taphonomic analysis in lacustrine environments: Two different contexts for Triassic lake paleofloras from Western Gondwana (Argentina) |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0037073809001511 |journal=Sedimentary Geology |language=en |volume=222 |issue=1-2 |pages=149–159 |doi=10.1016/j.sedgeo.2009.05.017}}</ref>
The formation overlies the [[Chañares Formation]] (and/or the [[Ischicuca Formation]]), and is overlain by the [[Ischigualasto Formation]].<ref name=Aceituno2015_p60>Aceituno Cieri, 2015, p.60</ref> The formation belongs to the [[Agua de la Peña Group]] of the [[Ischigualasto-Villa Unión Basin]], where it is exposed in the [[Ischigualasto Provincial Park]], a [[World Heritage Site]] in Argentina.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kent |first=Dennis V. |last2=Santi Malnis |first2=Paula |last3=Colombi |first3=Carina E. |last4=Alcober |first4=Oscar A. |last5=Martínez |first5=Ricardo N. |date=2014-05-19 |title=Age constraints on the dispersal of dinosaurs in the Late Triassic from magnetochronology of the Los Colorados Formation (Argentina) |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4050597/pdf/pnas.201402369.pdf |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=111 |issue=22 |pages=7958–7963 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1402369111 |issn=0027-8424}}</ref> The up to {{convert|1000|m|ft}} thick formation of [[claystone]]s, [[mudstone]]s and [[sandstone]]s was deposited in a [[river delta|deltaic]] to [[lacustrine]] [[depositional environment|environment]] during the first post-rift sequence in the basin.<ref name=Aceituno2015_p60/><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mancuso |first=Adriana Cecilia |date=2009 |title=Taphonomic analysis in lacustrine environments: Two different contexts for Triassic lake paleofloras from Western Gondwana (Argentina) |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0037073809001511 |journal=Sedimentary Geology |language=en |volume=222 |issue=1-2 |pages=149–159 |doi=10.1016/j.sedgeo.2009.05.017}}</ref><ref name=":17">{{Cite journal |last1=Mancuso |first1=Adriana C. |last2=Irmis |first2=Randall B. |last3=Pedernera |first3=Tomás E. |last4=Gaetano |first4=Leandro C. |last5=Benavente |first5=Cecilia A. |last6=Breeden III |first6=Benjamin T. |date=2022-06-13 |title=Paleoenvironmental and Biotic Changes in the Late Triassic of Argentina: Testing Hypotheses of Abiotic Forcing at the Basin Scale |journal=Frontiers in Earth Science |volume=10 |bibcode=2022FrEaS..10.3788M |doi=10.3389/feart.2022.883788 |issn=2296-6463 |doi-access=free}}</ref>


A CA-TIMS U-Pb zircon age of 234.47 ± 0.44 Ma from the lower Los Rastros Formation was published in 2020. The acquired age demonstrates that most of the overlying lacustrine strata within the basin were deposited during or after the [[Carnian Pluvial Event]] (CPE).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mancuso |first=Adriana C. |last2=Benavente |first2=Cecilia A. |last3=Irmis |first3=Randall B. |last4=Mundil |first4=Roland |date=2020 |title=Evidence for the Carnian Pluvial Episode in Gondwana: New multiproxy climate records and their bearing on early dinosaur diversification |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1342937X20301635 |journal=Gondwana Research |language=en |volume=86 |pages=104–125 |doi=10.1016/j.gr.2020.05.009}}</ref>
A CA-TIMS U-Pb zircon age of 234.47 ± 0.44 Ma from the lower Los Rastros Formation was published in 2020. The acquired age demonstrates that most of the overlying lacustrine strata within the basin were deposited during or after the [[Carnian Pluvial Event]] (CPE).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mancuso |first=Adriana C. |last2=Benavente |first2=Cecilia A. |last3=Irmis |first3=Randall B. |last4=Mundil |first4=Roland |date=2020 |title=Evidence for the Carnian Pluvial Episode in Gondwana: New multiproxy climate records and their bearing on early dinosaur diversification |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1342937X20301635 |journal=Gondwana Research |language=en |volume=86 |pages=104–125 |doi=10.1016/j.gr.2020.05.009}}</ref>


== Paleobiota ==
== Paleobiota ==
A wide variety of plant fossils are known from the Los Rastros Formation, including both [[Microfossil|microfossils]]<ref name=":0" /> and [[Macrofossil|macrofossils]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lutz |first=Alicia |last2=Gnaedinger |first2=Silvia |last3=Mancuso |first3=Adriana |last4=Crisafulli |first4=Alexandra |date=2011 |title=Paleoflora de la Formación los Rastros (Triásico Medio), Provincia de San Juan, Argentina. Consideraciones Taxonómicas y Tafonómicas |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262223945 |journal=Ameghiniana |language=es |volume=48 |issue=4 |pages=568–588 |doi=10.5710/AMGH.v48i4(348) |issn=0002-7014}}</ref>
A wide variety of plant fossils are known from the Los Rastros Formation, including both [[Microfossil|microfossils]]<ref name=":0" /> and [[Macrofossil|macrofossils]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lutz |first=Alicia |last2=Gnaedinger |first2=Silvia |last3=Mancuso |first3=Adriana |last4=Crisafulli |first4=Alexandra |date=2011 |title=Paleoflora de la Formación los Rastros (Triásico Medio), Provincia de San Juan, Argentina. Consideraciones Taxonómicas y Tafonómicas |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262223945 |journal=Ameghiniana |language=es |volume=48 |issue=4 |pages=568–588 |doi=10.5710/AMGH.v48i4(348) |issn=0002-7014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pedernera |first=Tomás E. |last2=Mancuso |first2=Adriana C. |last3=Ottone |first3=Eduardo G. |last4=Benavente |first4=Cecilia A. |date=2020 |title=Paleobotany of the Upper Triassic Los Rastros Formation, Ischigualasto–Villa Unión Basin, La Rioja, Argentina |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0895981120302030 |journal=Journal of South American Earth Sciences |language=en |volume=102 |pages=102660 |doi=10.1016/j.jsames.2020.102660}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cariglino |first=Bárbara |last2=Moisan |first2=Philippe |last3=Lara |first3=María Belén |date=2021 |title=The fossil record of plant-insect interactions and associated entomofaunas in Permian and Triassic floras from southwestern Gondwana: A review and future prospects |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0895981121003588 |journal=Journal of South American Earth Sciences |language=en |volume=111 |pages=103512 |doi=10.1016/j.jsames.2021.103512}}</ref>


The only tetrapod body fossil reported from the Los Rastros Formation is a poorly-preserved [[Temnospondyli|temnospondyl]] amphibian.<ref name=":14">{{Cite journal |last=Mancuso |first=A.C |date=2003 |title=Continental fish taphonomy: a case study in the Triassic of Argentina |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0895981103000695 |journal=Journal of South American Earth Sciences |language=en |volume=16 |issue=4 |pages=275–286 |doi=10.1016/S0895-9811(03)00069-5}}</ref><ref name=":0" />
⚫
The following fossils among others have been recovered from the formation:<ref name=":0" />

⚫
The following fossils have been recovered from the formation:<ref name=":13" /><ref name=":14" /><ref name=":0" />


=== Ichnofossils ===
=== Ichnofossils ===
Line 93: Line 95:


=== Invertebrates ===
=== Invertebrates ===
The Los Rastros Formation has produced many insect fossils, with most new species belonging to [[Blattoptera|blattopterans]] ([[Cockroach|cockroaches]] and kin), coleopterans ([[Beetle|beetles]] and kin), or [[Hemiptera|hemipterans]] (true bugs). Among Triassic formations of South America, the Los Rastros Formation's insect diversity is only rivaled by the [[Potrerillos Formation, Argentina|Potrerillos Formation]] in the Cuyo Basin. Other invertebrate fossils from the Los Rastros Formation include ''[[Lioestheria]]'' ("conchostracans" or [[clam shrimp]]) and ''[[Paleomutella]]'' (freshwater mussels).<ref name="Leonardi1994_p20" />
The Los Rastros Formation has produced many insect fossils, with most new species belonging to [[Blattoptera|blattopterans]] ([[Cockroach|cockroaches]] and kin), coleopterans ([[Beetle|beetles]] and kin), or [[Hemiptera|hemipterans]] (true bugs).<ref name=":13" /> Among Triassic formations of South America, the Los Rastros Formation's insect diversity is only rivaled by the [[Potrerillos Formation, Argentina|Potrerillos Formation]] in the Cuyo Basin. Other invertebrate fossils from the Los Rastros Formation include ''[[Lioestheria]]'' ("conchostracans" or [[clam shrimp]]) and ''[[Paleomutella]]'' (freshwater mussels).<ref name="Leonardi1994_p20" />


==== Blattoptera ====
==== Blattoptera ====

Revision as of 05:17, 20 January 2024

Los Rastros Formation
Stratigraphic range: Carnian
234.91–234.03 Ma
↓
TypeGeological formation
Unit ofAgua de la Peña Group
UnderliesIschigualasto Formation
OverliesChañares Formation
ThicknessUp to 1,000 m (3,300 ft)
Lithology
PrimaryClaystone, sandstone
OtherMudstone
Location
Coordinates29°06′S 69°06′W / 29.1°S 69.1°W / -29.1; -69.1
Approximate paleocoordinates45°48′S 34°54′W / 45.8°S 34.9°W / -45.8; -34.9
RegionLa Rioja Province
San Juan Province
CountryArgentina
ExtentIschigualasto-Villa Unión Basin
Los Rastros Formation is located in Argentina
Los Rastros Formation
Los Rastros Formation (Argentina)

The Los Rastros Formation is a mid-Carnian fossiliferous formation of the Agua de la Peña Group, in the Ischigualasto-Villa Unión Basin of northwestern Argentina. Fossil archosaur tracks,[1] as well as many insects,[2] fish,[3] bivalves, crustaceans and plants have been reported from the formation.[4]

Geology

The formation overlies the Chañares Formation (and/or the Ischicuca Formation), and is overlain by the Ischigualasto Formation.[5] The formation belongs to the Agua de la Peña Group of the Ischigualasto-Villa Unión Basin, where it is exposed in the Ischigualasto Provincial Park, a World Heritage Site in Argentina.[6] The up to 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) thick formation of claystones, mudstones and sandstones was deposited in a deltaic to lacustrine environment during the first post-rift sequence in the basin.[5][4][7][8]

A CA-TIMS U-Pb zircon age of 234.47 ± 0.44 Ma from the lower Los Rastros Formation was published in 2020. The acquired age demonstrates that most of the overlying lacustrine strata within the basin were deposited during or after the Carnian Pluvial Event (CPE).[9]

Paleobiota

A wide variety of plant fossils are known from the Los Rastros Formation, including both microfossils[4] and macrofossils.[10][11][12]

The only tetrapod body fossil reported from the Los Rastros Formation is a poorly-preserved temnospondyl amphibian.[13][4]

The following fossils have been recovered from the formation:[2][13][4]

Ichnofossils

Tetrapod footprints are a conspicuous type of ichnofossils (trace fossils) found in the Los Rastros Formation, particularly at the Quebrada de Ischichuca locality near Cerro Bola.[1][14][15] Most of the trackways are symmetrical prints created by animals with a narrow bipedal stance, three toes contacting the ground, and a raised fourth toe. They were presumably early dinosaurs or dinosauromorphs,[15] with a hip height exceeding 75 cm. These prints are found in deltaic sandbars, parallel to the lakeshore.[14] While some sources tentatively interpret these as theropod footprints,[16] the generalized nature of Triassic dinosaurs and their relatives prevent a precise referral.[15] Some of the tridactyl trackways also preserve hand prints, with quadrupedal pseudosuchians or other archosaurs as likely trackmakers.[15] Named reptile ichnotaxa from the Los Rastros Formation include Rhynchosauroides sp. (sphenodonts or other small reptiles) and Rigalites ischigualastianus (large quadrupedal pseudosuchians).[1][17]

Another form of trackway consists of numerous non-overlapping sets of broad rounded depressions on a heavily trampled wackestone surface. They may have been left by a herd of dicynodonts walking down to the lakeshore. Palaeophycus tubularis invertebrate burrows are also abundant.[14]

Fish

Actinopterygians (ray-finned fish) of the Los Rastros Formation
Genus Species Locality Material Notes Images
Challaia C. elongata Agua de la Peña Creek (San Juan Province) A very large (>70 cm) specimen which is mostly complete, missing the tail and the front of the skull. A late-surviving acrolepid, also known from the Cuyo Basin. Previously referred to Myriolepis.[3]
Gualolepis[3] G. carinaesquamosa[3] Cañón del Gualo (La Rioja Province) Two specimens, each representing portions of the skull and anterior torso. A probable chondrostean (distantly related to modern sturgeons and paddlefish) with similarities to the family Peipiaosteidae.
Rastrolepis[3] R. latipinnata[3] Cañón del Gualo (La Rioja Province) A large (>39 cm) specimen which is mostly complete, missing the rear of the tail and the front of the skull. An indeterminate actinopterygian similar to redfieldiiforms
R. riojaensis[3] Cañón del Gualo (La Rioja Province) A large (>54 cm) specimen which is mostly complete. An indeterminate actinopterygian similar to redfieldiiforms

Invertebrates

The Los Rastros Formation has produced many insect fossils, with most new species belonging to blattopterans (cockroaches and kin), coleopterans (beetles and kin), or hemipterans (true bugs).[2] Among Triassic formations of South America, the Los Rastros Formation's insect diversity is only rivaled by the Potrerillos Formation in the Cuyo Basin. Other invertebrate fossils from the Los Rastros Formation include Lioestheria ("conchostracans" or clam shrimp) and Paleomutella (freshwater mussels).[1]

Blattoptera

Blattoptera (cockroaches and relatives) of the Los Rastros Formation
Genus Species Locality Material Notes Images
Argentinoblatta[18] A. herbsti[18] Río Gualo (La Rioja Province)
Argentinoblattula[18] A. revelata[18] Río Gualo (La Rioja Province)
Condorblatta[18] C. lutzae[18] Río Gualo,[18] Los Chañares[19] (La Rioja Province)
Hermosablatta[18] H. crassatella[18] Río Gualo, Picos Gemelos (La Rioja Province)
H. pectinata[18] Río Gualo (La Rioja Province)
Lariojablatta[18] L. chanarensis[18] Los Chañares (La Rioja Province)
Mancusoblatta[18] M. pulchella[18] Río Gualo (La Rioja Province)
Pulchellablatta[18] P. nana[18] Río Gualo (La Rioja Province)
Samaroblatta S. corrientesina[18] Río Gualo (La Rioja Province)
S. gualoensis[18] Río Gualo (La Rioja Province)
Triassoblatta T. argentina[18] Picos Gemelos (La Rioja Province)

Coleoptera

Coleoptera (beetles and relatives) of the Los Rastros Formation
Genus Species Locality Material Notes Images
Ademosyne A. arcucciae[20] An ademosynid
A. elongatus[20] An ademosynid
A. hexacostata[20] An ademosynid
A. punctuada[20] An ademosynid
Argentinocupes[20] A. abdalai[20] A cupedid (reticulated beetle)
A. pulcher[20] Río Gualo, Los Chañares[19] (La Rioja Province) A cupedid (reticulated beetle)
Argentinosyne[20] A. bonapartei[19] Los Chañares (La Rioja Province) A permosynid
A. frenguellii[20] A permosynid
A. gonaldiae[20] A permosynid
A. gualoensis[20] A permosynid
A. losrastroensis[20] A permosynid
A. rugosa[20] A permosynid
Cardiosyne[20] C. elegans[20] A possible elaterid (click beetle)
C. obesa[20] A possible elaterid (click beetle)
Gemelina[20] G. triangularis[20] A possible elaterid (click beetle)

Hemiptera

Indeterminate corixids (water boatmen) are also known from the Gualo locality.[21]

Hemipterans (true bugs) of the Los Rastros Formation
Genus Species Locality Material Notes Images
Apheloscyta A. mayae[21] Gualo (La Rioja Province) A scytinopterid cicadomorph (a type of true bug related to leafhoppers and cicadas). Previously given the name Gualoscytina mayae.[22]
Dysmorphoptiloides D. losrastroensis[21] Gualo (La Rioja Province) A dysmorphoptilid auchenorrhynchan
Fulgobole F. arcucciae[21] Gualo (La Rioja Province) A mesojabloniid cicadomorph. Previously given the name Australocicada arcucciae.[23][24][22]
Gallegomorphoptila[22] G. acostai[23][25] Gualo (La Rioja Province) A dysmorphoptilid auchenorrhynchan, formerly referred to the genus Dysmorphoptiloides.[23][24][22]
G. breviptera[22] Gualo (La Rioja Province) A dysmorphoptilid auchenorrhynchan
G. gigantea[25] Gualo (La Rioja Province) A dysmorphoptilid auchenorrhynchan, formerly referred to the genus Dysmorphoptiloides.[24][22]
G. pulcherrima[25] Gualo (La Rioja Province) A dysmorphoptilid auchenorrhynchan, formerly referred to the genus Dysmorphoptiloides.[24][22]
Gualoscarta[21] G. obscura[21] Gualo (La Rioja Province) A dysmorphoptilid auchenorrhynchan
Mesoscytina M. forsterae[21] Gualo (La Rioja Province) A scytinopterid cicadomorph. Previously given the name Argentinopheloscyta forsterae.[22]
Popovigocimex[22] P. yurii[22] Gualo (La Rioja Province) Forewing A progonocimicid coleorrhynchan (moss bug)
Saaloscytina S. carmonae[26] Los Chañares,[19] Gualo[21] (La Rioja Province) A saaloscytinid cicadomorph.[26][21] Fossils of this species were formerly given the names Chanarelytrina nana and Chanarescytina carmonae.[19]
Yurigocimex[22] Y. popovi[22] Gualo (La Rioja Province) Forewing A progonocimicid coleorrhynchan (moss bug)

Other insects

Other insects of the Los Rastros Formation
Genus Species Locality Material Notes Images
Argentinoglosselytrina[24] A. pulchella[24] Gualo (La Rioja Province) A polycytellid glosselytrodean[24][22]
Argentinoperlidium[22] A. rogersi[22] Gualo (La Rioja Province) Forewing fragment A gripopterigid plecopteran (stonefly).
Frenguelliphlebia[22] F. labandeirai[22] Gualo (La Rioja Province) Forewing fragment An indeterminate odonatopteran (a relative of dragonflies and damselfies)
Miomina[23] M. riojana[19] Los Chañares (La Rioja Province) A miomopteran
Notopamphagopsis N. spp.[23][22] Gualo (La Rioja Province) Wing fragments Three[22] unnamed species of haglid ensiferans (cricket-like insects)
Flora

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Leonardi, 1994, p.20
  2. ^ a b c Mancuso, Adriana C.; Gallego, Oscar F.; Martins-Neto, Rafael G. (2007). "The Triassic insect fauna from the Los Rastros Formation (Bermejo Basin), La Rioja Province (Argentina): its context, taphonomy and paleobiology". Ameghiniana. 44 (2): 337–348.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g López-Arbarello, A.; Rogers, R.; Puerta, P. (2006-08-01). "Freshwater actinopterygians of the Los Rastros Formation (Triassic), Bermejo Basin, Argentina" (PDF). Fossil Record. 9 (2): 238–258. doi:10.5194/fr-9-238-2006. ISSN 2193-0074.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  4. ^ a b c d e Mancuso, A. C.; Marsicano, C. A. (2008-08-01). "Paleoenvironments and taphonomy of a Triassic lacustrine system (Los Rastros Formation, central-western Argentina)". PALAIOS. 23 (8): 535–547. doi:10.2110/palo.2007.p07-064r. ISSN 0883-1351.
  5. ^ a b Aceituno Cieri, 2015, p.60
  6. ^ Kent, Dennis V.; Santi Malnis, Paula; Colombi, Carina E.; Alcober, Oscar A.; Martínez, Ricardo N. (2014-05-19). "Age constraints on the dispersal of dinosaurs in the Late Triassic from magnetochronology of the Los Colorados Formation (Argentina)" (PDF). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 111 (22): 7958–7963. doi:10.1073/pnas.1402369111. ISSN 0027-8424.
  7. ^ Mancuso, Adriana Cecilia (2009). "Taphonomic analysis in lacustrine environments: Two different contexts for Triassic lake paleofloras from Western Gondwana (Argentina)". Sedimentary Geology. 222 (1–2): 149–159. doi:10.1016/j.sedgeo.2009.05.017.
  8. ^ Mancuso, Adriana C.; Irmis, Randall B.; Pedernera, Tomás E.; Gaetano, Leandro C.; Benavente, Cecilia A.; Breeden III, Benjamin T. (2022-06-13). "Paleoenvironmental and Biotic Changes in the Late Triassic of Argentina: Testing Hypotheses of Abiotic Forcing at the Basin Scale". Frontiers in Earth Science. 10. Bibcode:2022FrEaS..10.3788M. doi:10.3389/feart.2022.883788. ISSN 2296-6463.
  9. ^ Mancuso, Adriana C.; Benavente, Cecilia A.; Irmis, Randall B.; Mundil, Roland (2020). "Evidence for the Carnian Pluvial Episode in Gondwana: New multiproxy climate records and their bearing on early dinosaur diversification". Gondwana Research. 86: 104–125. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2020.05.009.
  10. ^ Lutz, Alicia; Gnaedinger, Silvia; Mancuso, Adriana; Crisafulli, Alexandra (2011). "Paleoflora de la Formación los Rastros (Triásico Medio), Provincia de San Juan, Argentina. Consideraciones Taxonómicas y Tafonómicas". Ameghiniana (in Spanish). 48 (4): 568–588. doi:10.5710/AMGH.v48i4(348). ISSN 0002-7014.
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  12. ^ Cariglino, Bárbara; Moisan, Philippe; Lara, María Belén (2021). "The fossil record of plant-insect interactions and associated entomofaunas in Permian and Triassic floras from southwestern Gondwana: A review and future prospects". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 111: 103512. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2021.103512.
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  15. ^ a b c d Marsicano, Claudia A.; Domnanovich, Nadia S.; Mancuso, Adriana C. (2007). "Dinosaur origins: evidence from the footprint record". Historical Biology. 19 (1): 83–91. doi:10.1080/08912960600866920. ISSN 0891-2963.
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  17. ^ Melchor, Ricardo N.; De Valais, Silvina (2006). "A REVIEW OF TRIASSIC TETRAPOD TRACK ASSEMBLAGES FROM ARGENTINA". Palaeontology. 49 (2): 355–379. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2006.00538.x. ISSN 0031-0239.
  18. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Martins-Neto, Rafael Gioia; Mancuso, Adriana; Gallego, Oscar Florencio (2005). "The Triassic Insect Fauna from Argentina. Blattoptera from the Los Rastros Formation (Bermejo Basin), La Rioja Province". Ameghiniana. 42 (4): 705–723.
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  21. ^ a b c d e f g h i Lara, María B.; Bustos-Escalona, Evelyn L.; Mancuso, Adriana C.; Arcucci, Andrea (2021). "Upper Triassic hemipterans from the south-western Gondwana: taxonomical, paleobiological, and paleogeographical implications". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 107: 103119. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2020.103119.
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  26. ^ a b SHCHERBAKOV, DMITRY E. (2011-04-28). "New and little-known families of Hemiptera Cicadomorpha from the Triassic of Central Asia—early analogs of treehoppers and planthoppers". Zootaxa. 2836 (1): 1. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2836.1.1. ISSN 1175-5334.

Bibliography

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