Calcium citrate: Difference between revisions
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| url = http://www.jacn.org/cgi/content/full/20/3/239 |
| url = http://www.jacn.org/cgi/content/full/20/3/239 |
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| accessdate = 2009-11-03 |
| accessdate = 2009-11-03 |
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}}| PMID 11444420</ref> According to recent research into calcium absorption after gastric bypass surgery ]].<ref> |
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}}| PMID 11444420</ref> Due to a misconception {{Citation needed|date=June 2010}} that it has a higher absorption rate, patients who have undergone the [[Roux-en-Y]] variety of weight-loss surgery (also known as [[gastric bypass]]) are usually instructed to take calcium citrate as a dietary supplement. |
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{{cite journal |
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| author = Tondapu, P. and Provost, D. and Adams-Huet, B. and Sims, T. and Chang, C. and Sakhaee, K. |
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| title = Comparison of the Absorption of Calcium Carbonate and Calcium Citrate after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass |
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| journal = [[Obesity Surgery]] |
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| volume = 19 |
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| issue = 9 |
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| pages = 1256-1261 |
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| year = 2009 |
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| month = June |
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| doi = 10.1007/s11695-009-9850-6 |
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| url = http://www.springerlink.com/content/u85x563466x6771u/abstract |
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| accessdate = 2010-08-11 |
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}}</ref> , calcium citrate may have improved bioavaiability over calcium carbonate in Roux-en-Y gastric bypass patients taking calcium citrate as a dietary supplement after surgery. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Revision as of 18:12, 11 August 2010
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| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name
2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propane- tricarboxylic acid calcium salt (2:3)
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| Other names
E333
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| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.011.265 |
| EC Number |
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| E number | E333 (antioxidants, ...) |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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| Properties | |
| Ca3(C6H5O7)2 | |
| Molar mass | 498.46 g/mol (anhydrous) 570.5 g/mol (tetrahydrate) |
| Appearance | White powder |
| Density | 1.63 g/cm3, solid |
| Melting point | 120 °C (loses water) |
| Boiling point | Decomposes |
| 0.085 g/100 mL (18°C) 0.095 g/100 mL (25 °C) | |
| Hazards | |
| Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |
Main hazards
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Irritant |
| Related compounds | |
Other cations
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Sodium citrate |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Calcium citrate is the calcium salt of citric acid. It is commonly used as a food additive (E333), usually as a preservative, but sometimes for flavor. In this sense, it is similar to sodium citrate. Calcium citrate is also used as a water softener because the citrate ions can chelate unwanted metal ions. Calcium citrate is also found in some dietary calcium supplements (e.g. Citracal). Calcium makes up 21% of calcium citrate by weight.
Chemical properties
Calcium citrate is an odorless white powder soluble in cold water. Like citric acid, calcium citrate has a sour taste. Like other salts, however, it also has a salty taste. For this reason, citrates such as sodium and calcium citrate are commonly known as sour salt.
Production
Calcium citrate is an intermediate in the isolation of citric acid from the fermentation process by which citric acid is produced industrially.[1] The citric acid in the broth solution is neutralized by calcium hydroxide, precipitating insoluble calcium citrate. This is then filtered off from the rest of the broth and washed to give clean calcium citrate.
The calcium citrate thus produced may be sold as-is, or it may be converted to citric acid using dilute sulfuric acid.
Biological role
Bioavailability of calcium is found to be equal to that of the cheaper calcium carbonate.[2] According to recent research into calcium absorption after gastric bypass surgery ]].[3] , calcium citrate may have improved bioavaiability over calcium carbonate in Roux-en-Y gastric bypass patients taking calcium citrate as a dietary supplement after surgery.
References
- ^ "Use of Lime in the Chemical Industry". National Lime Association. Retrieved 2006-11-25.
- ^
Heaney RP, Dowell MS, Bierman J, Hale CA, Bendich A (2001). "Absorbability and cost effectiveness in calcium supplementation". Journal of the American College of Nutrition. 20 (3): 239–46. Retrieved 2009-11-03.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)| PMID 11444420 - ^
Tondapu, P. and Provost, D. and Adams-Huet, B. and Sims, T. and Chang, C. and Sakhaee, K. (2009). "Comparison of the Absorption of Calcium Carbonate and Calcium Citrate after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass". Obesity Surgery. 19 (9): 1256–1261. doi:10.1007/s11695-009-9850-6. Retrieved 2010-08-11.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)