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'''Tetrasodium tris(bathophenanthroline disulfonate)ruthenium(II)''' (Na<sub>4</sub>Ru(bps)<sub>3</sub>) is a [[coordination compound]] containing a [[ruthenium]] center. In this form, it is the [[salt (chemistry)|salt]] of a [[sulfonic acid]]. This compound is an extension of the well known [[phenanthroline]] series of coordination compounds. Ruthenium(II) tris(bathophenanthroline disulfonate), referring to the anionic fragment, is used as a [[protein]] [[dye]] in [[biochemistry]] for differentiating and detecting different proteins in laboratory settings.
'''Tetrasodium tris(bathophenanthroline disulfonate)ruthenium(II)''' (Na<sub>4</sub>Ru(bps)<sub>3</sub>) is a [[coordination compound]] containing a [[ruthenium]] center. In this form, it is the [[salt (chemistry)|salt]] of a [[sulfonic acid]]. This compound is an extension of the well known [[phenanthroline]] series of coordination compounds. Ruthenium(II) tris(bathophenanthroline disulfonate), referring to the anionic fragment, is used as a [[protein]] [[dye]] in [[biochemistry]] for differentiating and detecting different proteins in laboratory settings.


In recent years, [[2-D electrophoresis]] has been widely accepted as a standard procedure to [[Separation process|separate]] complex protein mixtures in proteome studies ([[Proteomics]]). Protein visualisation by Ruthenium(II) tris(bathophenthroline disulfonate) has become a firmly established and widely used method in proteomic analysis <ref>{{cite doi|10.1002/pmic.200600323}}</ref><ref>{{cite doi|10.1186/1465-9921-6-118}}</ref><ref>{{cite doi|10.1016/j.advenzreg.2005.02.007}}</ref><ref>{{cite doi|10.1002/pmic.200500086}}</ref><ref>{{cite doi|10.1002/elps.200500026}}</ref><ref>{{cite doi|10.1016/j.mce.2004.08.001}}</ref><ref>{{cite doi|10.1002/pmic.200401031}}</ref><ref>{{cite doi|10.1002/elps.200406005}}</ref><ref>{{cite doi|10.1099/mic.0.27451-0}}</ref><ref>{{cite doi|10.1586/14789450.2.3.295}}</ref><ref>{{cite doi|10.1021/pr050155b}}</ref><ref>{{cite doi|10.2174/1570164043379424}}</ref><ref>Hjerno K, Alm R, Canback B, Matthiesen R, Trajkovski K, et al. (2006), Proteomics 6: 1574-1587.</ref><ref>Gerber IB, Laukens K, Witters E, Dubery IA (2006), Plant Physiol Biochem 44: 369-379.</ref><ref>Chevallet M, Diemer H, Luche S, van Dorsselaer A, Rabilloud T, et al. (2006), Proteomics 6: 2350-2354.</ref><ref>[http://www.plosone.org/article/fetchArticle.action?articleURI=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0000263 Lamanda A, Cheaib Z, Turgut MD (2007), PLoS One 2007 Feb 28;2:e263]</ref> and a crucial step in [[protein expression]] profiling.
In recent years, [[2-D electrophoresis]] has been widely accepted as a standard procedure to [[Separation process|separate]] complex protein mixtures in proteome studies ([[Proteomics]]). Protein visualisation by Ruthenium(II) tris(bathophenthroline disulfonate) has become a firmly established and widely used method in proteomic analysis <ref>{{cite doi|10.1002/pmic.200600323}}</ref><ref>{{cite doi|10.1186/1465-9921-6-118}}</ref><ref>{{cite doi|10.1016/j.advenzreg.2005.02.007}}</ref><ref>{{cite doi|10.1002/pmic.200500086}}</ref><ref>{{cite doi|10.1002/elps.200500026}}</ref><ref>{{cite doi|10.1016/j.mce.2004.08.001}}</ref><ref>{{cite doi|10.1002/pmic.200401031}}</ref><ref>{{cite doi|10.1002/elps.200406005}}</ref><ref>{{cite doi|10.1099/mic.0.27451-0}}</ref><ref>{{cite doi|10.1586/14789450.2.3.295}}</ref><ref>{{cite doi|10.1021/pr050155b}}</ref><ref>{{cite doi|10.2174/1570164043379424}}</ref><ref>{{cite doi|10.1002/pmic.200500469}}</ref><ref>{{cite doi|10.1016/j.plaphy.2006.06.015}}</ref><ref>{{cite doi|10.1002/pmic.200500567}}</ref><ref>{{cite doi|10.1371/journal.pone.0000263}}</ref> and a crucial step in [[protein expression]] profiling.


For protein [[spectroscopy|detection]], it is advantageous to use [[fluorescent]] labels containing [[chromophore]]s which have longer [[excitation wavelength]] and [[Emission (electromagnetic radiation)|emission wavelength]] than the [[aromatic]] [[amino acid]]s. The dyes used for this important step should combine attributes like good [[Signal-to-noise ratio|signal to background ratio]] (contrast), broad linear dynamic range, broad application range, [[photochemical]] stability and compatibility to protein identification techniques, e.g. [[mass spectrometry]] (MS) or [[Western blotting]].
For protein [[spectroscopy|detection]], it is advantageous to use [[fluorescent]] labels containing [[chromophore]]s which have longer [[excitation wavelength]] and [[Emission (electromagnetic radiation)|emission wavelength]] than the [[aromatic]] [[amino acid]]s. The dyes used for this important step should combine attributes like good [[Signal-to-noise ratio|signal to background ratio]] (contrast), broad linear dynamic range, broad application range, [[photochemical]] stability and compatibility to protein identification techniques, e.g. [[mass spectrometry]] (MS) or [[Western blotting]].


Originally, the [[ruthenium]] [[transition metal complex]], ruthenium(II) tris(4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline disulfonate) also termed as ruthenium(II) tris([[bathophentroline]] [[sulfonate|disulfonate]]) ('''RuBPS''') was synthesized by Bannwarth [http://www.chemie.uni-freiburg.de/orgbio/w3bann/index.html] as a [[Precursor (chemistry)|precursor molecule]] for a dye that was used as a [[radioactivity|non-radioactive]] label for [[Oligonucleotide|oligo]] [[nucleotide]]s.<ref>Bannwarth W, Schmidt D, Stallard RL, Hornung C, Knorr R, et al. (1988), Helv Chim Acta 71: 2085-2099.</ref> Later, Rabilloud et al.<ref>Rabilloud T, Strub JM, Luche S, van Dorsselaer A, Lunardi J (2001), Proteomics 1: 699-704.</ref> used RuBPS as a fluorescent label for protein detection in [[polyacrylamide]] [[gel]]s [http://192.129.24.144/licensed_materials/10216/contents/00/00002/fpaper/s102160000002ch000.html]. The fact that RuBPS is not only easy to synthesize but also easy to handle, induced further developments in this field.
Originally, the [[ruthenium]] [[transition metal complex]], ruthenium(II) tris(4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline disulfonate) also termed as ruthenium(II) tris([[bathophentroline]] [[sulfonate|disulfonate]]) ('''RuBPS''') was synthesized by Bannwarth <ref>[http://www.chemie.uni-freiburg.de/orgbio/w3bann/index.html]</ref> as a [[Precursor (chemistry)|precursor molecule]] for a dye that was used as a [[radioactivity|non-radioactive]] label for [[Oligonucleotide|oligo]] [[nucleotide]]s.<ref>{{cite doi|10.1002/hlca.19880710826}}</ref> Later, Rabilloud et al.<ref>{{cite doi|10.1002/1615-9861(200104)1:5.3C699::AID-PROT699.3E3.0.CO;2-C}}</ref> used RuBPS as a fluorescent label for protein detection in [[polyacrylamide]] [[gel]]s <ref>[http://192.129.24.144/licensed_materials/10216/contents/00/00002/fpaper/s102160000002ch000.html]</ref>. The fact that RuBPS is not only easy to synthesize but also easy to handle, induced further developments in this field.


Lamanda et al. improved the RuBPS [[staining]] protocol by selectively destaining the polyacrylamide matrix while the protein content remained [[tincture]]d. This new technique entailed a variety of advantages like strong signals, ameliorated signal to background ratio, better linearity and advanced baseline resolution.<ref>Lamanda A, Zahn A, Roder D, Langen H (2004), Proteomics 4: 599-608.</ref>
Lamanda et al. improved the RuBPS [[staining]] protocol by selectively destaining the polyacrylamide matrix while the protein content remained [[tincture]]d. This new technique entailed a variety of advantages like strong signals, ameliorated signal to background ratio, better linearity and advanced baseline resolution.<ref>{{cite doi|10.1002/pmic.200300587}}</ref>

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==References==
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{{reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
More information about ruthenium(II) tris(bathophenanthroline disulfonate) staining can be found on [http://www.ruthenium.ag.vu/index.html]
More information about ruthenium(II) tris(bathophenanthroline disulfonate) staining can be found on [http://www.ruthenium.ag.vu/index.html]


⚫
==References==
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{{reflist}}
{{Ruthenium compounds}}
{{Ruthenium compounds}}


Revision as of 11:50, 23 August 2012

Tetrasodium tris(bathophenanthroline disulfonate)ruthenium(II)
Identifiers
ECHA InfoCard 100.120.143 Edit this at Wikidata
Properties
C72H42N6Na4O18RuS6
Molar mass 1664.54 g·mol−1
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Tetrasodium tris(bathophenanthroline disulfonate)ruthenium(II) (Na4Ru(bps)3) is a coordination compound containing a ruthenium center. In this form, it is the salt of a sulfonic acid. This compound is an extension of the well known phenanthroline series of coordination compounds. Ruthenium(II) tris(bathophenanthroline disulfonate), referring to the anionic fragment, is used as a protein dye in biochemistry for differentiating and detecting different proteins in laboratory settings.

In recent years, 2-D electrophoresis has been widely accepted as a standard procedure to separate complex protein mixtures in proteome studies (Proteomics). Protein visualisation by Ruthenium(II) tris(bathophenthroline disulfonate) has become a firmly established and widely used method in proteomic analysis [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] and a crucial step in protein expression profiling.

For protein detection, it is advantageous to use fluorescent labels containing chromophores which have longer excitation wavelength and emission wavelength than the aromatic amino acids. The dyes used for this important step should combine attributes like good signal to background ratio (contrast), broad linear dynamic range, broad application range, photochemical stability and compatibility to protein identification techniques, e.g. mass spectrometry (MS) or Western blotting.

Originally, the ruthenium transition metal complex, ruthenium(II) tris(4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline disulfonate) also termed as ruthenium(II) tris(bathophentroline disulfonate) (RuBPS) was synthesized by Bannwarth [17] as a precursor molecule for a dye that was used as a non-radioactive label for oligo nucleotides.[18] Later, Rabilloud et al.[19] used RuBPS as a fluorescent label for protein detection in polyacrylamide gels [20]. The fact that RuBPS is not only easy to synthesize but also easy to handle, induced further developments in this field.

Lamanda et al. improved the RuBPS staining protocol by selectively destaining the polyacrylamide matrix while the protein content remained tinctured. This new technique entailed a variety of advantages like strong signals, ameliorated signal to background ratio, better linearity and advanced baseline resolution.[21]

References

  1. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1002/pmic.200600323, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi=10.1002/pmic.200600323 instead.
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  3. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1016/j.advenzreg.2005.02.007, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi=10.1016/j.advenzreg.2005.02.007 instead.
  4. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1002/pmic.200500086, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi=10.1002/pmic.200500086 instead.
  5. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1002/elps.200500026, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi=10.1002/elps.200500026 instead.
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  11. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1021/pr050155b, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi=10.1021/pr050155b instead.
  12. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.2174/1570164043379424, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi=10.2174/1570164043379424 instead.
  13. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1002/pmic.200500469, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi=10.1002/pmic.200500469 instead.
  14. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1016/j.plaphy.2006.06.015, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi=10.1016/j.plaphy.2006.06.015 instead.
  15. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1002/pmic.200500567, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi=10.1002/pmic.200500567 instead.
  16. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000263, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0000263 instead.
  17. ^ [1]
  18. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1002/hlca.19880710826, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi=10.1002/hlca.19880710826 instead.
  19. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1002/1615-9861(200104)1:5.3C699::AID-PROT699.3E3.0.CO;2-C, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi=10.1002/1615-9861(200104)1:5.3C699::AID-PROT699.3E3.0.CO;2-C instead.
  20. ^ [2]
  21. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1002/pmic.200300587, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi=10.1002/pmic.200300587 instead.

External links

More information about ruthenium(II) tris(bathophenanthroline disulfonate) staining can be found on [3]

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