Amplicon: Difference between revisions
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An '''amplicon''' is a piece of [[DNA]] formed as the product of natural or artificial amplification events. For example, it can be formed via [[polymerase chain reaction]]s (PCR) or [[ligase chain reaction]]s (LCR), as well as by natural [[gene duplication]]. |
An '''amplicon''' is a piece of [[DNA]] formed as the product of natural or artificial amplification events. For example, it can be formed via [[polymerase chain reaction]]s (PCR) or [[ligase chain reaction]]s (LCR), as well as by natural [[gene duplication]]. |
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Artificial amplification can be used to determine sex from a human DNA sample. The [[locus (genetics)|loci]] of Alu element insertion is selected, amplified and evaluated in terms of size of the fragment. The sex assay utilizes AluSTXa for the X chromosome, AluSTYa for the Y chromosome, or both AluSTXa and AluSTYa, to reduce the possibility of error to a negligible quantity. The inserted chromosome yields a large fragment when the homologous region is amplified. The males are distinguished as having two DNA amplicons present, while females have only a single amplicon. The kit adapted for carrying out the method includes a pair of primers to amplify the locus and optionally polymerase chain reaction reagents. |
Artificial amplification can be used to determine sex from a human DNA sample.<ref name=Mannucci>{{cite journal|last=Mannucci|first=Armando|coauthors=Sullivan, K., Ivanov, P., Gill, P.|title=Forensic application of a rapid and quantitative DNA sex test by amplification of the X-Y homologous gene amelogenin|journal=International Journal of Legal Medicine|date=09 August 1993|year=1994|volume=106|issue=4|pages=190-193|pmid=8038111|url=http://www.springerlink.com/content/l54w225683580465/fulltext.pdf|accessdate=2012 October 29}}</ref> The [[locus (genetics)|loci]] of Alu element insertion is selected, amplified and evaluated in terms of size of the fragment. The sex assay utilizes AluSTXa for the X chromosome, AluSTYa for the Y chromosome, or both AluSTXa and AluSTYa, to reduce the possibility of error to a negligible quantity. The inserted chromosome yields a large fragment when the homologous region is amplified. The males are distinguished as having two DNA amplicons present, while females have only a single amplicon. The kit adapted for carrying out the method includes a pair of primers to amplify the locus and optionally polymerase chain reaction reagents.<ref name=Hedges>{{cite journal|last=Hedges|first=Dale J.|coauthors=Walker, J., Callinan, P., Shewale, J., Sinha, S., Batzer, M.|title=Mobile element-based assay for human gender determination|journal=Analytical Biochemistry|date=20 August 2002|year=2003|month=January|volume=312|issue=1|pages=77-79|pmid=12479838|url=http://biosci-batzerlab.biology.lsu.edu/Publications/Hedges_et_a_2003Analy_%20Biochem.pdf|accessdate=2012 October 29}}</ref> |
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[[Category:DNA]] |
[[Category:DNA]] |
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[[pl:Amplikon]] |
[[pl:Amplikon]] |
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[[sl:Amplikon]] |
[[sl:Amplikon]] |
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==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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Revision as of 06:40, 30 October 2012
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An amplicon is a piece of DNA formed as the product of natural or artificial amplification events. For example, it can be formed via polymerase chain reactions (PCR) or ligase chain reactions (LCR), as well as by natural gene duplication.
Artificial amplification can be used to determine sex from a human DNA sample.[1] The loci of Alu element insertion is selected, amplified and evaluated in terms of size of the fragment. The sex assay utilizes AluSTXa for the X chromosome, AluSTYa for the Y chromosome, or both AluSTXa and AluSTYa, to reduce the possibility of error to a negligible quantity. The inserted chromosome yields a large fragment when the homologous region is amplified. The males are distinguished as having two DNA amplicons present, while females have only a single amplicon. The kit adapted for carrying out the method includes a pair of primers to amplify the locus and optionally polymerase chain reaction reagents.[2]
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References
- ^ Mannucci, Armando (09 August 1993). "Forensic application of a rapid and quantitative DNA sex test by amplification of the X-Y homologous gene amelogenin" (PDF). International Journal of Legal Medicine. 106 (4): 190–193. PMID 8038111. Retrieved 2012 October 29.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=,|date=, and|year=/|date=mismatch (help); Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ Hedges, Dale J. (20 August 2002). "Mobile element-based assay for human gender determination" (PDF). Analytical Biochemistry. 312 (1): 77–79. PMID 12479838. Retrieved 2012 October 29.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=and|year=/|date=mismatch (help); Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help); Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)