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Electrical and computer engineering professor [[Robert J. Marks II]] has an Erdős–Bacon number of five.<ref name="MarksIMDb">[http://www.imdb.com/name/nm2990293/] IMDb listing for Robert J. Marks II.</ref><ref name="Wunsch">D.C. Wunsch II, R.J. Marks II, T.P. Caudell and C.D. Capps, “Limitations of a class of binary phase-only filters,” Applied Optics, vol. 31, no.26. pp.5681-5687 (1992), and D.C. Wunsch II, T.P. Caudell, C.D. Capps, R.J. Marks II and R. A. Falk, ”An optoelectronic implementation of the adaptive resonance neural network,” IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, vol.4, no.4, pp.673-684 (1993)</ref><ref name="Harary">Frank Harary, Meng-Hiot Lim, Amit Agarwal, Donald C. Wunsch, “Algorithms for derivation of structurally stable Hamiltonian signed graphs,” Int. J. Comput. Math. 81(11): 1349-1356 (2004)</ref><ref name="ERDDD">◦ Paul Erdös, Frank Harary and W.T. Tutte, “On the dimension of a graph,” Mathematika 12 (1965) pp.118-122, and Paul Erdös, Frank Harary and M. Klawe, “Residually-Complete- Graphs,” Annals of Discrete Mathematics, Vol. 6, pp 117- 123 (1980).</ref> His colleague, [[intelligent design]] advocate [[William A. Dembski]] consequently has an Erdős–Bacon number of six
Electrical and computer engineering professor [[Robert J. Marks II]] has an Erdős–Bacon number of five.<ref name="MarksIMDb">[http://www.imdb.com/name/nm2990293/] IMDb listing for Robert J. Marks II.</ref><ref name="Wunsch">{{cite journal |doi=10.1364/AO.31.005681}} and {{cite journal |doi=10.1109/72.238321}}</ref><ref name="Harary">{{cite journal |doi=10.1080/0020716042000261432}}</ref><ref name="ERDDD">{{cite journal |doi=10.1112/S0025579300005222}} and {{cite journal |doi=10.1016/S0167-5060(08)70698-8}}</ref> His colleague, [[intelligent design]] advocate [[William A. Dembski]] consequently has an Erdős–Bacon number of six
<ref name="DembskiIMDb">[http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1745037/] William Dembski's IMDb page</ref><ref name="DembskiMarks">William A. Dembski and Robert J. Marks II, "Conservation of Information in Search: Measuring the Cost of Success," IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics A, Systems and Humans, vol.39, #5, September 2009, pp.1051-1061</ref><ref name="DembMarks2">[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1091617/fullcredits?ref_=tt_cl_sm#cast] IMDb: "Expelled: No Intelligence Allowed" (2008)</ref> and biochemist [[Michael Behe]] has an Erdős–Bacon number of seven <ref name="BehiMarks">[http://www.worldscientific.com/worldscibooks/10.1142/8818] Robert J Marks II, Michael J Behe, William A Dembski, Bruce L Gordon and John C Sanford. Biological Information New Perspectives.(World Scientific, 2013)</ref><ref name="BehiD">[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0459139/] IMDb: "Unlocking the Mystery of Life" (2003)</ref>
<ref name="DembskiIMDb">[http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1745037/] William Dembski's IMDb page</ref><ref name="DembskiMarks">{{cite journal |doi=10.1109/TSMCA.2009.2025027}}</ref><ref name="DembMarks2">[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1091617/fullcredits?ref_=tt_cl_sm#cast] IMDb: "Expelled: No Intelligence Allowed" (2008)</ref> and biochemist [[Michael Behe]] has an Erdős–Bacon number of seven <ref name="BehiMarks">{{cite journal |doi=10.1142/8818}}</ref><ref name="BehiD">[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0459139/] IMDb: "Unlocking the Mystery of Life" (2003)</ref>


==Actors==
==Actors==


Former [[NCAA Women's Gymnastics championship|NCAA gymnastics champion]] [[Kiralee Hayashi]]<ref name="Kira">{{cite web|url=http://www.kiraleeh.com/|title=Kiralee Hayashi's website}}</ref> may be the professional actress with the lowest Erdős number (3){{Citation needed|date=July 2013}}, having co-written a peer-reviewed mathematics paper on [[Riemannian manifold]]s with Fields medalist [[Shing-Tung Yau]],<ref name="Yau">{{cite web|url=http://www.loni.ucla.edu/~thompson/ERDOS/erdo.htm|title=Paul Thompson's Erdos Number Page}}</ref> and having a Bacon number of 2,<ref name="OracB">[http://oracleofbacon.org/cgi-bin/oracle/movielinks?firstname=Kevin+Bacon&game=1&secondname=Kiralee+Hayashi Kiralee Hayashi at the Oracle of Bacon]</ref> giving her an Erdős–Bacon number of 5.<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite web|url=http://www.loni.ucla.edu/~thompson/ERDOS/erdo.htm |title=Erdos Number Page |publisher=loni.ucla.edu |date= |accessdate=December 29, 2011}}</ref>
Former [[NCAA Women's Gymnastics championship|NCAA gymnastics champion]] [[Kiralee Hayashi]]<ref name="Kira">{{cite web|url=http://www.kiraleeh.com/|title=Kiralee Hayashi's website}}</ref> may be the professional actress with the lowest Erdős number (3),{{Citation needed|date=July 2013}} having co-written a peer-reviewed mathematics paper on [[Riemannian manifold]]s with Fields medalist [[Shing-Tung Yau]],<ref name="Yau">{{cite web|url=http://www.loni.ucla.edu/~thompson/ERDOS/erdo.htm|title=Paul Thompson's Erdos Number Page}}</ref> and having a Bacon number of 2,<ref name="OracB">[http://oracleofbacon.org/cgi-bin/oracle/movielinks?firstname=Kevin+Bacon&game=1&secondname=Kiralee+Hayashi Kiralee Hayashi at the Oracle of Bacon]</ref> giving her an Erdős–Bacon number of 5.<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite web|url=http://www.loni.ucla.edu/~thompson/ERDOS/erdo.htm |title=Erdos Number Page |publisher=loni.ucla.edu |date= |accessdate=December 29, 2011}}</ref>


[[Danica McKellar]], most famous for her role as [[Winnie Cooper]] in ''[[The Wonder Years]]'', has an Erdős–Bacon number of 6{{Citation needed|date=July 2013}}, having coauthored a [[mathematics]] paper published while an undergraduate at [[UCLA]]. Her paper gives her an Erdős number of 4{{Citation needed|date=July 2013}}, and a Bacon number of 2{{Citation needed|date=July 2013}}, both of them having worked with [[Margaret Easley]].<ref>[http://www.usatoday.com/printedition/life/20070814/bl_cover14_side.art.htm "There's not much separating her from Bacon, Erdos"], [[USA Today]], August 14, 2007</ref>
[[Danica McKellar]], most famous for her role as [[Winnie Cooper]] in ''[[The Wonder Years]]'', has an Erdős–Bacon number of 6{{Citation needed|date=July 2013}}, having coauthored a [[mathematics]] paper published while an undergraduate at [[UCLA]]. Her paper gives her an Erdős number of 4{{Citation needed|date=July 2013}}, and a Bacon number of 2{{Citation needed|date=July 2013}}, both of them having worked with [[Margaret Easley]].<ref>[http://www.usatoday.com/printedition/life/20070814/bl_cover14_side.art.htm "There's not much separating her from Bacon, Erdos"], [[USA Today]], August 14, 2007</ref>


US actress [[Natalie Portman]] has an Erdős–Bacon number of 7. She collaborated (using her birth name, Natalie Hershlag) with Abigail A. Baird,<ref name="lobe">{{cite journal |author=Baird AA, Kagan J, Gaudette T, Walz KA, Hershlag N, Boas DA |title=Frontal lobe activation during object permanence: data from near-infrared spectroscopy |journal=Neuroimage |volume=16 |issue=4 |pages=1120–5 |year=2002 |month=Aug |pmid=12202098 |doi=10.1006/nimg.2002.1170 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1053811902911705}}</ref> who has a collaboration path<ref name=reduction>{{cite journal |author=Baird AA, Colvin MK, Vanhorn JD, Inati S, Gazzaniga MS |title=Functional connectivity: integrating behavioral, diffusion tensor imaging, and functional magnetic resonance imaging data sets |journal=J Cogn Neurosci |volume=17 |issue=4 |pages=687–93 |year=2005 |month=Apr |pmid=15829087 |doi=10.1162/0898929053467569 }}</ref><ref name="parallel">Victor, J.D., Maiese, K., Shapley, R., Sidtis, J., and Gazzaniga, M.S. (1989) Acquired central dyschromatopsia: analysis of a case with preservation of color discrimination. Clinical Vision Sciences 4, 183-196.
US actress [[Natalie Portman]] has an Erdős–Bacon number of 7. She collaborated (using her birth name, Natalie Hershlag) with Abigail A. Baird,<ref name="lobe">{{cite journal |doi=10.1006/nimg.2002.1170}}</ref> who has a collaboration path<ref name=reduction>{{cite journal |doi=10.1162/0898929053467569}}</ref><ref name="parallel">{{cite journal |last1=Victor |first1=Jonathan D. |first2=Kenneth |last2=Maiese |first3=Robert |last3=Shapley |first4=John |last4=Sidtis |first5=Michael S. |last5=Gazzaniga |year=1989 |title=Acquired central dyschromatopsia: analysis of a case with preservation of color discrimination |journal=Clinical Vision Sciences |volume=4 |pages=183-96}}</ref><ref name="2D">{{cite journal |doi=10.1137/0513062}}</ref> leading to [[Joseph Gillis]], who has an Erdős number of 1.<ref name="logic">{{cite journal |doi=10.1112/jlms/s1-12.2.185}}</ref> Portman appeared in ''A Powerful Noise Live'' (2009) with [[Sarah Michelle Gellar]], who appeared in ''[[The Air I Breathe]]'' (2007) with Bacon,<ref name="portman">[[Natalie Portman's Oracle of Bacon page]]</ref> giving Portman a Bacon number of 2 and an Erdős number of 5.
[http://www-users.med.cornell.edu/~jdvicto/vimash89.html]</ref><ref name="2D">Azor, R., Gillis, J., and Victor, J.D. (1982) Combinatorial applications of Hermite polynomials. SIAM Journal on Mathematical Analysis 13, 879-890.
[http://www-users.med.cornell.edu/~jdvicto/erdos.html]</ref> leading to [[Joseph Gillis]], who has an Erdős number of 1.<ref name="logic">P. Erdos and J. Gillis, "Note on the transfinite diameter," J. Lond. Math. Soc. 12 185 (1937).</ref> Portman appeared in ''A Powerful Noise Live'' (2009) with [[Sarah Michelle Gellar]], who appeared in ''[[The Air I Breathe]]'' (2007) with Bacon,<ref name="portman">[[Natalie Portman's Oracle of Bacon page]]</ref> giving Portman a Bacon number of 2 and an Erdős number of 5.


British actor [[Colin Firth]] has an Erdős–Bacon number of 7.{{Citation needed|date=July 2013}} Firth is formally credited as co-author of a neuroscience paper, "Political Orientations Are Correlated with Brain Structure in Young Adults",<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.cell.com/current-biology/abstract/S0960-9822(11)00289-2 |title=Political Orientations Are Correlated with Brain Structure in Young Adults |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2011.03.017 |publisher=Current Biology |volume=21 |issue=8 |pages=677–680 |month=April |year=2011 |accessdate=December 29, 2011 |pmid=21474316|last1=Kanai|first1=Ryota|last2=Feilden|first2=Tom|last3=Firth|first3=Colin|last4=Rees|first4=Geraint|journal=Current Biology|pmc=3092984}}</ref> after he suggested on [[BBC Radio 4]] that such a study could be done.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-13661538 | work=BBC News | title=Colin Firth credited in brain research | date=2011-06-05}}</ref> Another author of that paper, [[Geraint Rees]], has an Erdős number of 5,<ref>{{cite journal|pmc=2966441|title=Knowing with Which Eye We See: Utrocular Discrimination and Eye-Specific Signals in Human Visual Cortex|year=2010|volume=5|issue=10|pmid=21048942|last1=Schwarzkopf|first1=DS|last2=Schindler|first2=A|last3=Rees|first3=G|pages=e13775|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0013775|journal=PLoS ONE|editor1-last=Baker|editor1-first=Chris I.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.de/nc/employee/details/aschindler.html |title=Andreas Schindler |publisher=Max Planck Institutefor Biological Cybernetics |date= |accessdate=December 29, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www-users.med.cornell.edu/~jdvicto/erdos.html |title=Can I help you find your Erdos number? |publisher=users.med.cornell.edu |date= |accessdate=December 29, 2011}}</ref> which gives Firth an Erdős number of 6.{{Citation needed|date=July 2013}} Firth appeared with Kevin Bacon in ''[[Where the Truth Lies]]'', so his Bacon number is 1.{{Citation needed|date=July 2013}}
British actor [[Colin Firth]] has an Erdős–Bacon number of 7.{{Citation needed|date=July 2013}} Firth is formally credited as co-author of a neuroscience paper, "Political Orientations Are Correlated with Brain Structure in Young Adults",<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2011.03.017}}</ref> after he suggested on [[BBC Radio 4]] that such a study could be done.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-13661538 | work=BBC News | title=Colin Firth credited in brain research | date=2011-06-05}}</ref> Another author of that paper, [[Geraint Rees]], has an Erdős number of 5,<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0013775}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.de/nc/employee/details/aschindler.html |title=Andreas Schindler |publisher=Max Planck Institutefor Biological Cybernetics |date= |accessdate=December 29, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www-users.med.cornell.edu/~jdvicto/erdos.html |title=Can I help you find your Erdos number? |publisher=users.med.cornell.edu |date= |accessdate=December 29, 2011}}</ref> which gives Firth an Erdős number of 6.{{Citation needed|date=July 2013}} Firth appeared with Kevin Bacon in ''[[Where the Truth Lies]]'', so his Bacon number is 1.{{Citation needed|date=July 2013}}


==Others==
==Others==
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| title = The Erdős Number Project, Erdos1
| title = The Erdős Number Project, Erdos1
| accessdate = 2006-12-20
| accessdate = 2006-12-20
|archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20061207190951/http://www.oakland.edu/enp/Erdos1 <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 2006-12-07}}</ref><ref name="AhAl">Y Aharonov, DZ Albert, L Vaidman, "How the result of a measurement of a component of the spin of a spin-1/2 particle can turn out to be 100," Physical Review Letters, 1988.</ref><ref name="AhBe">Y Aharonov, PG Bergmann, JL Lebowitz, "Time symmetry in the quantum process of measurement," Phys. Rev, 1964.</ref><ref name="BeSt">B Hoffmann, V Bargmann, PG Bergmann, EG Straus, "Working with Einstein" in ''Some strangeness in the proportion : a centennial symposium to celebrate the achievements of [[Albert Einstein]]'', 1980.</ref>
|archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20061207190951/http://www.oakland.edu/enp/Erdos1 <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 2006-12-07}}</ref><ref name="AhAl">{{cite journal |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.60.1351}}</ref><ref name="AhBe">{{cite journal |doi=10.1103/PhysRev.134.B1410}}</ref><ref name="BeSt">B Hoffmann, V Bargmann, PG Bergmann, EG Straus, "Working with Einstein" in ''Some strangeness in the proportion : a centennial symposium to celebrate the achievements of [[Albert Einstein]]'', 1980.</ref>
| 3<sup><nowiki>(a)(b){{Citation needed|date=July 2013}}</nowiki></sup>
| 3<sup><nowiki>(a)(b){{Citation needed|date=July 2013}}</nowiki></sup>
| 7<sup><nowiki>(b)</nowiki></sup>
| 7<sup><nowiki>(b)</nowiki></sup>
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| style="background: #efefef; font-weight: normal;" | {{sortname|Patrick|Billingsley}}
| style="background: #efefef; font-weight: normal;" | {{sortname|Patrick|Billingsley}}
| 4<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Leonard E. |last1=Baum |first2=Patrick |last2=Billingsley |authorlink2=Patrick Billingsley |year=1965 |title=Asymptotic Distributions for the Coupon Collector's Problem |journal=The Annals of Mathematical Statistics |volume=36 |issue=6 |pages=1835-9 |jstor=2239126}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/0097-3165(77)90049-8}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/0012-365X(90)90007-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1112/jlms/s2-19.1.137}}</ref>
| 4<ref>Baum, Leonard E.; [[Patrick Billingsley|Billingsley, Patrick]]. Asymptotic distributions for the coupon collector's problem. Ann. Math. Statist. 36 1965 1835–9</ref><ref>Baum, Leonard E.; Herzberg, Norman P.; Lomonaco, S. J., Jr.; Sweet, Melvin M. Fields of almost periodic sequences. J. Combinatorial Theory Ser. A 22 (1977), no. 2, 169–80.</ref><ref>Conway, J. H.; Lomonaco, S. J., Jr.; Sloane, N. J. A. A $[45,13]$ code with minimal distance $16$. Discrete Math. 83 (1990), no. 2-3, 213–7.</ref><ref>Conway, J. H.; Croft, H. T.; Erdös, P.; Guy, M. J. T. On the distribution of values of angles determined by coplanar points. J. London Math. Soc. (2) 19 (1979), no. 1, 137–43.</ref>
| 2<ref>[http://oracleofbacon.org/cgi-bin/oracle/movielinks?firstname=Kevin+Bacon&game=1&secondname=Pat+Billingsley Pat Billingsley at the Oracle of Bacon]</ref>
| 2<ref>[http://oracleofbacon.org/cgi-bin/oracle/movielinks?firstname=Kevin+Bacon&game=1&secondname=Pat+Billingsley Pat Billingsley at the Oracle of Bacon]</ref>
|<nowiki> 6</nowiki>
|<nowiki> 6</nowiki>
|-
|-
| style="background: #efefef; font-weight: normal;" | {{sortname|David|Dalrymple|David Dalrymple (computer scientist)}}
| style="background: #efefef; font-weight: normal;" | {{sortname|David|Dalrymple|David Dalrymple (computer scientist)}}
| 3<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1145/1706299.1706301}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1145/1383369.1383377}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/S0195-6698(85)80027-5}}</ref>
| 3<ref>N Gershenfeld, D Dalrymple, K Chen, A Knaian, F Green, E Demaine, S Greenwald, P Schmidt-Nielsen, [http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1706301 "Reconfigurable asynchronous logic automata (RALA)"], ACM SIGPLAN Notices, 45(1), January 2010</ref><ref>N Alon, M Bădoiu, E Demaine, M Farach-Colton, M Hajiaghayi, A Sidiropoulos, [http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1383377&dl=ACM&coll=DL&CFID=98001321&CFTOKEN=84445220 "Ordinal embeddings of minimum relaxation: general properties, trees, and ultrametrics."], Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, 650–659, ACM, New York, 2005.</ref><ref>P Erdös, N Alon, [http://www.emis.de/classics/Erdos/cit/58110029.htm "An application of graph theory to additive number theory."], European Journal of Combinatorics 6, 201-203, 1985</ref>
| 2<sup>(b)(d)</sup><ref>{{cite web|url=http://oracleofbacon.org/cgi-bin/movielinks?a=Kevin+Bacon&b=David+Dalrymple&use_using=1&u0=on&use_genres=1&g8=on&g17=on&g21=on&g25=on&g7=on |title=David Dalrymple's Kevin Bacon number |publisher=The Oracle of Bacon |date= |accessdate=2012-07-24}}</ref>
| 2<sup>(b)(d)</sup><ref>{{cite web|url=http://oracleofbacon.org/cgi-bin/movielinks?a=Kevin+Bacon&b=David+Dalrymple&use_using=1&u0=on&use_genres=1&g8=on&g17=on&g21=on&g25=on&g7=on |title=David Dalrymple's Kevin Bacon number |publisher=The Oracle of Bacon |date= |accessdate=2012-07-24}}</ref>
| 5<sup><nowiki>(b)(d)</nowiki></sup>
| 5<sup><nowiki>(b)(d)</nowiki></sup>
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| style="background: #efefef; font-weight: normal;" | {{sortname|Henry|Houh}}
| style="background: #efefef; font-weight: normal;" | {{sortname|Henry|Houh}}
| 5<ref>H Houh, J Adam, M Ismert, C Lindblad, D Tennenhouse, [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?tp=&arnumber=382161&contentType=Journals+%26+Magazines&sortType%3Dasc_p_Sequence%26filter%3DAND%28p_IS_Number%3A8660%29 "The VuNet Desk Area Network: Architecture, Implementation, and Experience"], IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 13(4), May 1995</ref><ref>D Tennenhouse, B Lampson, S Gillett, J Klein, [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0169755296000098 "Virtual Infrastructure: Putting Information Infrastructure on the Technology Curve"], Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, 28(13), October 1996</ref><ref>C Ellison, B Frantz, B Lampson, R Rivest, B Thomas, T Ylonen, [http://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc2693/ "SPKI Certificate Theory"], IETF Network Working Group RFC2693, September 1999</ref><ref>R Rivest, A Meyer, D Kleitman, K Winklmann, J Spencer, [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0022000080900148 "Coping with errors in binary search procedures"], Journal of Computer and System Sciences, 20(3), June 1980</ref><ref>P Erdos, D Kleitman, [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021980068800511 "On coloring graphs to maximize the proportion of multicolored $k$-edges"], Journal of Combinatorial Theory, 5(2), September 1968</ref>
| 5<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1109/49.382161}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/0169-7552(96)00009-8}}</ref><ref>C Ellison, B Frantz, B Lampson, R Rivest, B Thomas, T Ylonen, [http://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc2693/ "SPKI Certificate Theory"], IETF Network Working Group RFC2693, September 1999</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/0022-0000(80)90014-8}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/S0021-9800(68)80051-1}}</ref>
| 2<ref>[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0478087/fullcredits#cast "21 (2008) - IMDB"] as "Chinatown Dealer" with line "Winner winner chicken dinner"</ref><ref>[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0091814/ "Quicksilver" (1986) - IMDB] with Laurence Fishburne from 21 appearing with Kevin Bacon</ref>
| 2<ref>[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0478087/fullcredits#cast "21 (2008) - IMDB"] as "Chinatown Dealer" with line "Winner winner chicken dinner"</ref><ref>[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0091814/ "Quicksilver" (1986) - IMDB] with Laurence Fishburne from 21 appearing with Kevin Bacon</ref>
|<nowiki> 7</nowiki>
|<nowiki> 7</nowiki>
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|-
| style="background: #efefef; font-weight: normal;" | {{sortname|Robert|Knight|Robert T. Knight}}
| style="background: #efefef; font-weight: normal;" | {{sortname|Robert|Knight|Robert T. Knight}}
| 4<ref name="RobertTKnight1">{{cite journal |doi=10.1162/jocn.2010.21466}}</ref><ref name="RobertTKnight2">{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/S1053-8119(09)71718-5}}</ref><ref name="RobertTKnight3">{{cite journal |pmid=18356360}}</ref><ref name="RobertTKnight4">{{cite journal |doi=10.1007/BF02088008}}</ref>
| 4<ref name="RobertTKnight1">{{cite journal |author=Edward F. Chang, Erik Edwards, Srikantan S. Nagarajan, Noa Fogelson, Sarang S. Dalal, Ryan T. Canolty, Heidi E. Kirsch, Nicholas M. Barbaro, Robert T. Knight |title=Cortical Spatio-temporal Dynamics Underlying Phonological Target Detection in Humans |journal=Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience |volume=23 |pages=1437–1446 |year=2011 |url=http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/jocn.2010.21466}}</ref><ref name="RobertTKnight2">{{cite journal |author=S. S. Dalal, S. Baillet, C. Adam, A. Ducorps, D. Schwartz, K. Jerbi, O. Bertrand, L. Garnero, J. Martinerie, J. P. Lachaux |title=MEG reconstructions of gamma band modulations during attentive reading validated by simultaneous intracranial EEG |journal=Neuroimage |volume=47 |pages=S162 |year=2009 |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811909717185}}</ref><ref name="RobertTKnight3">{{cite journal |author=Y Raiter, A Farfel, O Lehavi, O B Goren, A Shamiss, Z Priel, I Koren, B Davidson, D Schwartz, A Goldberg, Y Bar-Dayan |title=Mass casualty incident management, triage, injury distribution of casualties and rate of arrival of casualties at the hospitals: lessons from a suicide bomber attack in downtown Tel Aviv |journal=Emergency Medicine Journal |volume=25 |pages=225–229 |year=2008 |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18356360}}</ref><ref name="RobertTKnight4">{{cite journal |author=Paul Erdös, Israel Koren, Shlomo Moran, Gabriel M. Silberman, Shmuel Zaks |title=Minimum-Diameter Cyclic Arrangements in Mapping DataFlow Graphs onto VLSI Arrays |journal=Theory of Computing Systems / Mathematical Systems Theory - MST |volume=21 |pages=85–98 |year=1988 |url=http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF02088008}}</ref>
| 2<sup>(d)<ref>[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1124060/fullcredits#cast "Number One with a Bullet (2008) - IMDB"] as Himself</ref><ref>[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0361127/fullcredits#cast "The Woodsman (2004) - IMDB"] with Mos Def from Number One With A Bullet appearing with Kevin Bacon</ref></sup>
| 2<sup>(d)<ref>[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1124060/fullcredits#cast "Number One with a Bullet (2008) - IMDB"] as Himself</ref><ref>[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0361127/fullcredits#cast "The Woodsman (2004) - IMDB"] with Mos Def from Number One With A Bullet appearing with Kevin Bacon</ref></sup>
| 6<sup><nowiki>(d)</nowiki></sup>
| 6<sup><nowiki>(d)</nowiki></sup>
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| style="background: #efefef; font-weight: normal;" | {{sortname|Danica|McKellar}}
| style="background: #efefef; font-weight: normal;" | {{sortname|Danica|McKellar}}
| 4<ref name="Erdos1"/><ref name="ChayesMcKellar">L Chayes, D McKellar, B Winn, "Percolation and Gibbs states multiplicity for ferromagnetic Ashkin–Teller models on Z 2," J. Phys. A: Math. Gen, 1998.</ref><ref name="ChayesKotecky">JT Chayes, L Chayes, R Kotecký, "The analysis of the Widom-Rowlinson model by stochastic geometric methods," Communications in Mathematical Physics, 1995.</ref><ref name="KoteckyPreiss">R Kotecký, D Preiss, "Cluster expansion for abstract polymer models," Communications in Mathematical Physics, 1986.</ref>
| 4<ref name="Erdos1"/><ref name="ChayesMcKellar">{{cite journal |doi=10.1088/0305-4470/31/45/005}}</ref><ref name="ChayesKotecky">{{cite journal |doi=10.1007/BF02101808}}</ref><ref name="KoteckyPreiss">{{cite journal |doi=10.1007/BF01211762}}</ref>
| 2<sup><nowiki>(a){{Citation needed|date=July 2013}}</nowiki></sup>
| 2<sup><nowiki>(a){{Citation needed|date=July 2013}}</nowiki></sup>
|<nowiki> 6</nowiki>
|<nowiki> 6</nowiki>
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|-
|-
| style="background: #efefef; font-weight: normal;" | {{sortname|Yannai|Gonczarowski}}
| style="background: #efefef; font-weight: normal;" | {{sortname|Yannai|Gonczarowski}}
| 3<ref name="Yannai">{{cite web|url=http://yannai.gonch.name/erdos-bacon.html|title=Yannai Gonczarowski's website}}</ref>
| 3<ref name="Yannai">{{cite web|url=http://yannai.gonch.name/erdos-bacon.html|title=Yannai Gonczarowski's website}}{{self-published inline}}</ref>
| 3<ref name="Yannai"/>
| 3<ref name="Yannai"/>
|<nowiki> 6</nowiki>
|<nowiki> 6</nowiki>
|-
|-
| style="background: #efefef; font-weight: normal;" | {{sortname|Tomer|Stern}}
| style="background: #efefef; font-weight: normal;" | {{sortname|Tomer|Stern}}
| 4<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18404205 Estimating cell depth from somatic mutations (2008) - NCBI<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16261192 Genomic variability within an organism exposes its cell lineage tree (2005) - NCBI<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.36.1040 Interactive Proofs and the Hardness of Approximating Cliques (1995) - NCBI<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://books.google.no/books/about/On_the_graph_of_large_distances.html?id=RsFVHQAACAAJ&redir_esc=y On the graph of large distance (1989)<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
| 4<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=18404205}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |pmid=16261192}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1145/226643.226652}}</ref><ref>[http://books.google.no/books/about/On_the_graph_of_large_distances.html?id=RsFVHQAACAAJ&redir_esc=y On the graph of large distance (1989)<!-- Bot generated title -->]{{pn}}</ref>
| 3<ref>[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0109751/ Etz Hadomim Tafus (1995) - IMDb<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0091019/ Every Time We Say Goodbye (1986) - IMDb<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0112384/ Apollo 13 (1995) - IMDb<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
| 3<ref>[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0109751/ Etz Hadomim Tafus (1995) - IMDb<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0091019/ Every Time We Say Goodbye (1986) - IMDb<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0112384/ Apollo 13 (1995) - IMDb<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
|<nowiki> 7</nowiki>
|<nowiki> 7</nowiki>
|-
|-
| style="background: #efefef; font-weight: normal;" | {{sortname|Wendelin|Werner}}
| style="background: #efefef; font-weight: normal;" | {{sortname|Wendelin|Werner}}
| 3<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1080/17442509508834019}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Csáki |first1=Endre |last2=Shi |first2=Zhan |title=Large Favourite Sites of Simple Random Walk and the Wiener Process |journal=Electronic Journal of Probability |volume=3 |year=1998 |issue=14 |pages=1–31 |doi=10.1214/EJP.v3-36}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1007/BF00532646}}</ref>
| 3<ref>Shi, Zhan; Werner, Wendelin. Asymptotics for occupation times of half-lines by stable processes and perturbed reflecting Brownian motion. Stochastics Stochastics Rep. 55 (1995), no. 1-2, 71–85.</ref><ref>Csáki, Endre; Shi, Zhan. Large favourite sites of simple random walk and the Wiener process. Electron. J. Probab. 3 (1998), no. 14, 31.</ref><ref>Csáki, E.; Erdös, P.; Révész, P. On the length of the longest excursion. Z. Wahrsch. Verw. Gebiete 68 (1985), no. 3, 365–382.</ref>
| 3<ref>[http://oracleofbacon.org/cgi-bin/oracle/movielinks?firstname=Kevin+Bacon&game=1&secondname=Wendelin+Werner Wendelin Werner at the Oracle of Bacon]</ref>
| 3<ref>[http://oracleofbacon.org/cgi-bin/oracle/movielinks?firstname=Kevin+Bacon&game=1&secondname=Wendelin+Werner Wendelin Werner at the Oracle of Bacon]</ref>
|<nowiki> 6</nowiki>
|<nowiki> 6</nowiki>
|-
|-
| style="background: #efefef; font-weight: normal;" | {{sortname|Steven|Strogatz}}
| style="background: #efefef; font-weight: normal;" | {{sortname|Steven|Strogatz}}
| 3<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1017/S002211209100383X}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.matcom.2006.06.002}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.4153/CMB-1988-020-2}}</ref>
| 3<ref>Stone, H. A.; Nadim, Ali; Strogatz, Steven H. [http://www.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=1137143 Chaotic streamlines inside drops immersed in steady Stokes flows.] J. Fluid Mech. 232 (1991), 629–646.</ref><ref>Limon, Alfonso; Bertuglia, Silvia; Nadim, Ali; Salamon, Peter [http://www.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=2307101 Oxygen transport from the outer boundary of a pulsating wall of an arteriole.] Math. Comput. Simulation 73 (2006), no. 1-4, 175–182.</ref><ref>Salamon, Peter; Erdős, Paul [http://www.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=942062 The solution to a problem of Grünbaum.] Canad. Math. Bull. 31 (1988), no. 2, 129–138.</ref>
| 1<sup>(b)(d)</sup><ref name="Connected: The Power of Six Degrees">[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1310375/ Connected: The Power of Six Degrees]</ref>
| 1<sup>(b)(d)</sup><ref name="Connected: The Power of Six Degrees">[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1310375/ Connected: The Power of Six Degrees]</ref>
| 4<sup><nowiki>(b)(d)</nowiki></sup>
| 4<sup><nowiki>(b)(d)</nowiki></sup>
|-
|-
| style="background: #efefef; font-weight: normal;" | {{sortname|Noam|Chomsky}}
| style="background: #efefef; font-weight: normal;" | {{sortname|Noam|Chomsky}}
| 4<ref>Chomsky, N.; Schützenberger, M. P. [http://www.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=152391 The algebraic theory of context-free languages]. 1963 Computer programming and formal systems pp. 118–161 North-Holland, Amsterdam.</ref><ref>Berge, Claude; Schützenberger, Marcel Paul [http://www.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=89116 Jeux de Nim et solutions.] (French) C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 242 (1956), 1672–1674.</ref><ref>Berge, C.; Simonovits, M. [http://www.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=366742 The coloring numbers of the direct product of two hypergraphs]. Hypergraph Seminar (Proc. First Working Sem., Ohio State Univ., Columbus, Ohio, 1972; dedicated to Arnold Ross), pp. 21–33. Lecture Notes in Math., Vol. 411, Springer, Berlin, 1974.</ref><ref>Erdős, P.; Simonovits, M. [http://www.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=205876 A limit theorem in graph theory]. Studia Sci. Math. Hungar 1 1966 51–57.</ref>
| 4<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/S0049-237X(08)72023-8}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Berge |first1=Claude |last2=Schützenberger |first2=Marcel Paul |url=http://www.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=89116 |title=Jeux de Nim et solutions |language=French |journal=C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris |volume=242 |year=1956 |pages=1672–4}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1007/BFb0066176}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Erdős |first1=P. |last2=Simonovits |first2=M. |url=http://www.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=205876 |title=A limit theorem in graph theory |journal=Studia Sci. Math. Hungar |volume=1 |year=1966 |pages=51–7}}</ref>
| 3<sup>(b)(d)</sup><ref name="Connected: The Power of Six Degrees"/>
| 3<sup>(b)(d)</sup><ref name="Connected: The Power of Six Degrees"/>
| 7<sup><nowiki>(b)(d)</nowiki></sup>
| 7<sup><nowiki>(b)(d)</nowiki></sup>
|-
|-
| style="background: #efefef; font-weight: normal;" | {{sortname|Bernard|Chazelle}}
| style="background: #efefef; font-weight: normal;" | {{sortname|Bernard|Chazelle}}
| 2<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1007/BF02573971}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/0012-365X(80)90111-9}}</ref>
| 2<ref>H. Bronnimann; B. Chazelle; J. Pach. How hard is half-space range searching? ''Discrete and Computational Geometry'' 10 (1993), 143-155.</ref><ref>P. Erdős; J. Pach. On a problem of L. Fejes Toth. ''Discrete Mathematics'' 30 (1980), 103-109.</ref>
| 3<ref>[http://oracleofbacon.org/cgi-bin/oracle/movielinks?firstname=Kevin+Bacon&game=1&secondname=Bernard+Chazelle Bernard Chazelle at the Oracle of Bacon]</ref>
| 3<ref>[http://oracleofbacon.org/cgi-bin/oracle/movielinks?firstname=Kevin+Bacon&game=1&secondname=Bernard+Chazelle Bernard Chazelle at the Oracle of Bacon]</ref>
|<nowiki> 5</nowiki>
|<nowiki> 5</nowiki>

Revision as of 15:58, 25 September 2013

A person's Erdős–Bacon number is the sum of one's Erdős number—which measures the "collaborative distance" in authoring mathematical papers between that person and Hungarian mathematician Paul Erdős—and one's Bacon number—which represents the number of links, through roles in films, by which the individual is separated from American actor Kevin Bacon. The lower the number, the closer a person is to Erdős and Bacon, and this reflects a small world phenomenon in academia and entertainment.[citation needed]

The idea of Erdős–Bacon numbers has been written about by Simon Singh in the British media[1][2] and Benjamin Rosenbaum,[3] among others,[4] in the blogosphere. Roles as self, as a cameo appearance, or as an extra are often included for the Bacon component. The Erdős criterion technically refers to collaboration on mathematical papers, but it is often relaxed to include general research articles for the Erdős–Bacon number.[5]

In general, to have a defined Erdős–Bacon number, it is necessary (but not sufficient) for one to have both appeared in a film and co-authored an academic paper.[citation needed]

Notable scientists with defined Erdős–Bacon numbers include popular astronomer Carl Sagan. One of the best-known actors with a number is Natalie Portman, whose authorship of a psychology paper while at Harvard University earned her an Erdős–Bacon number of 7 (see table below).[citation needed]

Scientists

It is sometimes reported that Erdős himself has an Erdős–Bacon number of three. His Erdős number is zero by definition. His Bacon number is erroneously thought to be three since he appears in N Is a Number: A Portrait of Paul Erdős (1993) with a Gene Patterson, and a Gene Patterson was in Box of Moon Light (1996) with Sam Rockwell who was in Frost/Nixon (2008) with Kevin Bacon. However, this is incorrect, as the Gene Patterson in N Is a Number: A Portrait of Paul Erdős is not the same person as the one in Box of Moon Light (1996).[citation needed]

Astronomer Carl Sagan has an Erdős number of no more than 4[6] via Steven J. Ostro and a Bacon number of 2,[7] for a total of 6. Physicist Richard Feynman has an Erdős number of 3[8] and a Bacon number of 3, having appeared in the film Anti-Clock alongside Tony Tang.[9]

Electrical and computer engineering professor Robert J. Marks II has an Erdős–Bacon number of five.[10][11][12][13] His colleague, intelligent design advocate William A. Dembski consequently has an Erdős–Bacon number of six [14][15][16] and biochemist Michael Behe has an Erdős–Bacon number of seven [17][18]

Actors

Former NCAA gymnastics champion Kiralee Hayashi[19] may be the professional actress with the lowest Erdős number (3),[citation needed] having co-written a peer-reviewed mathematics paper on Riemannian manifolds with Fields medalist Shing-Tung Yau,[20] and having a Bacon number of 2,[21] giving her an Erdős–Bacon number of 5.[22]

Danica McKellar, most famous for her role as Winnie Cooper in The Wonder Years, has an Erdős–Bacon number of 6[citation needed], having coauthored a mathematics paper published while an undergraduate at UCLA. Her paper gives her an Erdős number of 4[citation needed], and a Bacon number of 2[citation needed], both of them having worked with Margaret Easley.[23]

US actress Natalie Portman has an Erdős–Bacon number of 7. She collaborated (using her birth name, Natalie Hershlag) with Abigail A. Baird,[24] who has a collaboration path[25][26][27] leading to Joseph Gillis, who has an Erdős number of 1.[28] Portman appeared in A Powerful Noise Live (2009) with Sarah Michelle Gellar, who appeared in The Air I Breathe (2007) with Bacon,[29] giving Portman a Bacon number of 2 and an Erdős number of 5.

British actor Colin Firth has an Erdős–Bacon number of 7.[citation needed] Firth is formally credited as co-author of a neuroscience paper, "Political Orientations Are Correlated with Brain Structure in Young Adults",[30] after he suggested on BBC Radio 4 that such a study could be done.[31] Another author of that paper, Geraint Rees, has an Erdős number of 5,[32][33][34] which gives Firth an Erdős number of 6.[citation needed] Firth appeared with Kevin Bacon in Where the Truth Lies, so his Bacon number is 1.[citation needed]

Others

Hank Aaron, a baseball player, is sometimes also considered to have an Erdős–Bacon number of 3, as he and Erdős both autographed the same baseball (for which he is jokingly referred to as having Erdős number of 1),[35] and he also appeared in Summer Catch with Susan Gardner, who was in In The Cut with Bacon.

Table

For people listed in the Internet Movie Database who are connected to Kevin Bacon, the average Bacon number is 2.957.[36] For mathematicians listed in the American Mathematical Society's MR Collaboration Distance search engine[37] who are connected to Erdős, the average Erdős number is 4.65.[38] There currently exists no exhaustive list of people with defined Erdős–Bacon numbers, but a select group is listed below.

Name Erdős number Bacon number Erdős–Bacon number
David Albert 4[39][40][41][42] 3(a)(b){{Citation needed|date=July 2013}} 7(b)
Michael J. Behe 4 [17](a) 3 [18](a)(b)(d) 7
Patrick Billingsley 4[43][44][45][46] 2[47] 6
David Dalrymple 3[48][49][50] 2(b)(d)[51] 5(b)(d)
William A. Dembski 4 [11][12][13][15] 2(a)(b)[14] 6
Henry Houh 5[52][53][54][55][56] 2[57][58] 7
Robert Knight 4[59][60][61][62] 2(d)[63][64] 6(d)
Robert J. Marks II 3[11][12][13] 2(a)(b)[10] 5
Danica McKellar 4[39][65][66][67] 2(a){{Citation needed|date=July 2013}} 6
Natalie Portman (Hershlag) 5[24][25][26][27][28] 2[29] 7
Carl Sagan 4[8] 2(b)[7] 6
Yannai Gonczarowski 3[68] 3[68] 6
Tomer Stern 4[69][70][71][72] 3[73][74][75] 7
Wendelin Werner 3[76][77][78] 3[79] 6
Steven Strogatz 3[80][81][82] 1(b)(d)[83] 4(b)(d)
Noam Chomsky 4[84][85][86][87] 3(b)(d)[83] 7(b)(d)
Bernard Chazelle 2[88][89] 3[90] 5

Notes:

(a) See discussion above.
(b) Includes role as self
(c) Includes role as extra
(d) Includes documentary credit

References

  1. ^ Simon Singh (2005). "A Further Five Numbers, Programme 3: 6 degrees of separation". BBC. Also available at [1]. Retrieved 2006-12-01. {{cite web}}: External link in |publisher= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  2. ^ Simon Singh (2002). "And the Winner Tonight Is". London: The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 2006-12-01. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  3. ^ Benjamin Rosenbaum (2004). "Bacon-Erdős numbers". Retrieved 2006-12-01. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  4. ^ Cory Doctorow (2004). "Erdős-Bacon numbers". Boing Boing. Retrieved 2006-12-01. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  5. ^ "There's not much separating her from Bacon, Erdos", USA Today, August 14, 2007: "As a UCLA undergraduate, McKellar co-wrote a theorem proving a magnetic field property [...] So McKellar's "Erdos-Bacon" number is 6. Some academics who have had film cameos have lower Erdos-Bacon numbers [...]"
  6. ^ "The Erdős Number Project, Paths to Erdős". Retrieved 2009-10-27. [dead link]
  7. ^ a b "The Oracle of Bacon at Virginia". Retrieved 2013-01-22.
  8. ^ a b "The Erdős Number Project, Paths to Erdős". Archived from the original on 2006-11-07. Retrieved 2006-12-01.
  9. ^ "The Oracle of Bacon at Virginia". Retrieved 2006-12-05.
  10. ^ a b [2] IMDb listing for Robert J. Marks II.
  11. ^ a b c . doi:10.1364/AO.31.005681. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help) and . doi:10.1109/72.238321. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  12. ^ a b c . doi:10.1080/0020716042000261432. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  13. ^ a b c . doi:10.1112/S0025579300005222. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help) and . doi:10.1016/S0167-5060(08)70698-8. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  14. ^ a b [3] William Dembski's IMDb page
  15. ^ a b . doi:10.1109/TSMCA.2009.2025027. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  16. ^ [4] IMDb: "Expelled: No Intelligence Allowed" (2008)
  17. ^ a b . doi:10.1142/8818. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  18. ^ a b [5] IMDb: "Unlocking the Mystery of Life" (2003)
  19. ^ "Kiralee Hayashi's website".
  20. ^ "Paul Thompson's Erdos Number Page".
  21. ^ Kiralee Hayashi at the Oracle of Bacon
  22. ^ "Erdos Number Page". loni.ucla.edu. Retrieved December 29, 2011.
  23. ^ "There's not much separating her from Bacon, Erdos", USA Today, August 14, 2007
  24. ^ a b . doi:10.1006/nimg.2002.1170. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  25. ^ a b . doi:10.1162/0898929053467569. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  26. ^ a b Victor, Jonathan D.; Maiese, Kenneth; Shapley, Robert; Sidtis, John; Gazzaniga, Michael S. (1989). "Acquired central dyschromatopsia: analysis of a case with preservation of color discrimination". Clinical Vision Sciences. 4: 183–96.
  27. ^ a b . doi:10.1137/0513062. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  28. ^ a b . doi:10.1112/jlms/s1-12.2.185. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  29. ^ a b Natalie Portman's Oracle of Bacon page
  30. ^ . doi:10.1016/j.cub.2011.03.017. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  31. ^ "Colin Firth credited in brain research". BBC News. 2011-06-05.
  32. ^ . doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013775. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  33. ^ "Andreas Schindler". Max Planck Institutefor Biological Cybernetics. Retrieved December 29, 2011.
  34. ^ "Can I help you find your Erdos number?". users.med.cornell.edu. Retrieved December 29, 2011.
  35. ^ "The Erdős Number Project, Items of Interest Related to Erdös Numbers,". Archived from the original on 2006-12-05. Retrieved 2006-12-20.
  36. ^ UVA Computer Science: The Oracle of Bacon at Virginia[dead link]
  37. ^ MR Collaboration Distance search engine
  38. ^ Erdős number facts[dead link]
  39. ^ a b "The Erdős Number Project, Erdos1". Archived from the original on 2006-12-07. Retrieved 2006-12-20.
  40. ^ . doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.60.1351. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  41. ^ . doi:10.1103/PhysRev.134.B1410. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  42. ^ B Hoffmann, V Bargmann, PG Bergmann, EG Straus, "Working with Einstein" in Some strangeness in the proportion : a centennial symposium to celebrate the achievements of Albert Einstein, 1980.
  43. ^ Baum, Leonard E.; Billingsley, Patrick (1965). "Asymptotic Distributions for the Coupon Collector's Problem". The Annals of Mathematical Statistics. 36 (6): 1835–9. JSTOR 2239126.
  44. ^ . doi:10.1016/0097-3165(77)90049-8. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  45. ^ . doi:10.1016/0012-365X(90)90007-5. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  46. ^ . doi:10.1112/jlms/s2-19.1.137. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  47. ^ Pat Billingsley at the Oracle of Bacon
  48. ^ . doi:10.1145/1706299.1706301. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  49. ^ . doi:10.1145/1383369.1383377. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  50. ^ . doi:10.1016/S0195-6698(85)80027-5. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  51. ^ "David Dalrymple's Kevin Bacon number". The Oracle of Bacon. Retrieved 2012-07-24.
  52. ^ . doi:10.1109/49.382161. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  53. ^ . doi:10.1016/0169-7552(96)00009-8. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  54. ^ C Ellison, B Frantz, B Lampson, R Rivest, B Thomas, T Ylonen, "SPKI Certificate Theory", IETF Network Working Group RFC2693, September 1999
  55. ^ . doi:10.1016/0022-0000(80)90014-8. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  56. ^ . doi:10.1016/S0021-9800(68)80051-1. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  57. ^ "21 (2008) - IMDB" as "Chinatown Dealer" with line "Winner winner chicken dinner"
  58. ^ "Quicksilver" (1986) - IMDB with Laurence Fishburne from 21 appearing with Kevin Bacon
  59. ^ . doi:10.1162/jocn.2010.21466. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  60. ^ . doi:10.1016/S1053-8119(09)71718-5. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  61. ^ . PMID 18356360. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  62. ^ . doi:10.1007/BF02088008. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  63. ^ "Number One with a Bullet (2008) - IMDB" as Himself
  64. ^ "The Woodsman (2004) - IMDB" with Mos Def from Number One With A Bullet appearing with Kevin Bacon
  65. ^ . doi:10.1088/0305-4470/31/45/005. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  66. ^ . doi:10.1007/BF02101808. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  67. ^ . doi:10.1007/BF01211762. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  68. ^ a b "Yannai Gonczarowski's website".[self-published source?]
  69. ^ . PMID 18404205. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  70. ^ . PMID 16261192. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  71. ^ . doi:10.1145/226643.226652. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  72. ^ On the graph of large distance (1989)[page needed]
  73. ^ Etz Hadomim Tafus (1995) - IMDb
  74. ^ Every Time We Say Goodbye (1986) - IMDb
  75. ^ Apollo 13 (1995) - IMDb
  76. ^ . doi:10.1080/17442509508834019. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
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