Jump to content

Amazon Malaria Initiative: Difference between revisions

Add links
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Mdevlin54 (talk | contribs)
168 edits
Mdevlin54 (talk | contribs)
168 edits
Line 70: Line 70:
*<ref name=global>{{cite web|last1=Kumar|first1=kaveri|last2=Pigazzini|first2=Anna|last3=Stenson|first3=Bo|title=Financing for Malaria Elimination|url=http://globalhealthsciences.ucsf.edu/sites/default/files/content/ghg/mei-financing-malaria-elimination.pdf|website=globalhealthscience.ucsf.edu}}</ref>
*<ref name=global>{{cite web|last1=Kumar|first1=kaveri|last2=Pigazzini|first2=Anna|last3=Stenson|first3=Bo|title=Financing for Malaria Elimination|url=http://globalhealthsciences.ucsf.edu/sites/default/files/content/ghg/mei-financing-malaria-elimination.pdf|website=globalhealthscience.ucsf.edu}}</ref>
*<ref name=healthnews>{{cite news|title=Combating Malaria|url=http://www.napsnet.com/pdf_archive/60/81053.pdf|agency=NAPSA}}</ref>
*<ref name=healthnews>{{cite news|title=Combating Malaria|url=http://www.napsnet.com/pdf_archive/60/81053.pdf|agency=NAPSA}}</ref>
⚫
*<ref name=novel>{{cite journal|last1=Hiwat|first1=Helene|title=Novel strategies lead to pre-elimination of malaria|journal=Malaria Journal|date=January 9 2012|volume=11|issue=10|doi=10.1186/1475-2875-10}}</ref>
*<ref name=Minsa>{{cite news|first1=Minsa|title=Casos de Malaria mortal se redujeron|url=http://www.andina.com.pe/Espanol/Noticia.aspx?id=fXMuW0q0vOI=|accessdate=19 June 2014|agency=Andina|date=November 7 2008}}</ref>
*<ref name=Minsa>{{cite news|first1=Minsa|title=Casos de Malaria mortal se redujeron|url=http://www.andina.com.pe/Espanol/Noticia.aspx?id=fXMuW0q0vOI=|accessdate=19 June 2014|agency=Andina|date=November 7 2008}}</ref>
*<ref name=plantr>{{cite news|title=Plan to reduce Malaria and Prevent its Reintroduction|accessdate=19 June 2014|agency=scoop|date=October 2011}}</ref>
*<ref name=plantr>{{cite news|title=Plan to reduce Malaria and Prevent its Reintroduction|accessdate=19 June 2014|agency=scoop|date=October 2011}}</ref>
Line 78: Line 77:
*<ref name=WHO_Rollback>{{cite book|last1=Cibulskis|first1=Roll Back Malaria Partnership ; [co-authored by Richard|last2=Szilagyi]|first2=Zsofia|title=Defeating malaria in Asia, the Pacific, Americas, Middle East and Europe|date=2012|publisher=World Health Organization on behalf of the Roll Back Maleria Secretariat|location=Geneva, Switzerland|isbn=9789241504430|pages=65-66}}</ref>
*<ref name=WHO_Rollback>{{cite book|last1=Cibulskis|first1=Roll Back Malaria Partnership ; [co-authored by Richard|last2=Szilagyi]|first2=Zsofia|title=Defeating malaria in Asia, the Pacific, Americas, Middle East and Europe|date=2012|publisher=World Health Organization on behalf of the Roll Back Maleria Secretariat|location=Geneva, Switzerland|isbn=9789241504430|pages=65-66}}</ref>
*<ref name=qualitycontrol>{{cite journal|last1=Pribluda|first1=Victor S|last2=Barojas|first2=Adrian|last3=Añez|first3=Arletta|last4=López|first4=Cecilia G|last5=Figueroa|first5=Ruth|last6=Herrera|first6=Roxana|last7=Nakao|first7=Gladys|last8=Nogueira|first8=Fernando HA|last9=Pianetti|first9=Gerson A|last10=Povoa|first10=Marinete M|last11=Viana|first11=Giselle MR|last12=Gomes|first12=Margarete S|last13=Escobar|first13=Jose P|last14=Sierra|first14=Olga L|last15=Norena|first15=Susana P|last16=Veloz|first16=Raúl|last17=Bravo|first17=Marcy|last18=Aldás|first18=Martha R|last19=HindsSemple|first19=Alison|last20=Collins|first20=Marilyn|last21=Ceron|first21=Nicolas|last22=Krishnalall|first22=Karanchand|last23=Adhin|first23=Malti|last24=Bretas|first24=Gustavo|last25=Hernandez|first25=Nelly|last26=Mendoza|first26=Marjorie|last27=Smine|first27=Abdelkrim|last28=Chibwe|first28=Kennedy|last29=Lukulay|first29=Patrick|last30=Evans|first30=Lawrence|title=Implementation of basic quality control tests for malaria medicines in Amazon Basin countries: results for the 2005–2010 period|journal=Malaria Journal|volume=11|issue=1|pages=2-11|doi=10.1186/1475-2875-11-202}}</ref>
*<ref name=qualitycontrol>{{cite journal|last1=Pribluda|first1=Victor S|last2=Barojas|first2=Adrian|last3=Añez|first3=Arletta|last4=López|first4=Cecilia G|last5=Figueroa|first5=Ruth|last6=Herrera|first6=Roxana|last7=Nakao|first7=Gladys|last8=Nogueira|first8=Fernando HA|last9=Pianetti|first9=Gerson A|last10=Povoa|first10=Marinete M|last11=Viana|first11=Giselle MR|last12=Gomes|first12=Margarete S|last13=Escobar|first13=Jose P|last14=Sierra|first14=Olga L|last15=Norena|first15=Susana P|last16=Veloz|first16=Raúl|last17=Bravo|first17=Marcy|last18=Aldás|first18=Martha R|last19=HindsSemple|first19=Alison|last20=Collins|first20=Marilyn|last21=Ceron|first21=Nicolas|last22=Krishnalall|first22=Karanchand|last23=Adhin|first23=Malti|last24=Bretas|first24=Gustavo|last25=Hernandez|first25=Nelly|last26=Mendoza|first26=Marjorie|last27=Smine|first27=Abdelkrim|last28=Chibwe|first28=Kennedy|last29=Lukulay|first29=Patrick|last30=Evans|first30=Lawrence|title=Implementation of basic quality control tests for malaria medicines in Amazon Basin countries: results for the 2005–2010 period|journal=Malaria Journal|volume=11|issue=1|pages=2-11|doi=10.1186/1475-2875-11-202}}</ref>
*<ref name=Reginal>{{cite book|title=Regional strategic plan for malaria in the Americas 2006-2010.|date=2006|publisher=Pan American Health Organization, Regional office of the World Health Organization|location=Washington, DC|isbn=9275126410|pages=20-29|url=http://www.bvs.hn/Honduras/Malaria/Regional%20Strategic%20Malaria%20Plan%20Americas%202006.pdf}}</ref>}}
*<ref name=Reginal>{{cite book|title=Regional strategic plan for malaria in the Americas 2006-2010.|date=2006|publisher=Pan American Health Organization, Regional office of the World Health Organization|location=Washington, DC|isbn=9275126410|pages=20-29|url=http://www.bvs.hn/Honduras/Malaria/Regional%20Strategic%20Malaria%20Plan%20Americas%202006.pdf}}</ref>
⚫
*<ref name=novel>{{cite journal|last1=Hiwat|first1=Hélène|last2=Hardjopawiro|first2=Loretta S|last3=Takken|first3=Willem|last4=Villegas|first4=Leopoldo|title=Novel strategies lead to pre-elimination of malaria in previously high-risk areas in Suriname, South America|journal=Malaria Journal|volume=11|issue=1|pages=1-4|doi=10.1186/1475-2875-11-10|accessdate=7 July 2014}}</ref>}}


== External links ==
== External links ==

Revision as of 19:52, 7 July 2014


The Amazon Malaria Initiative (AMI) is a regional program that was established in 2001 by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), and managed by USAID/Peru as part of its South American Regional Infectious Disease Program (SARI).[1] The initiative uses a multi-pronged approach to achieve the overall aims of preventing and controlling malaria and reducing malaria-related morbidity and mortality in countries of the Americas.[2] AMI has secured partnerships to ensure continued investment in malaria prevention, diagnosis and treatment, drug resistance and epidemiological surveillance, vector control, pharmaceutical management, quality of medicines, communication and networking. [3] The approach USAID uses to enhance malaria control through AMI is to identify, support, and implement evidence-based interventions [4] in 11 participating partner countries. AMI partners share knowledge and lessons learned by networking across different countries, both in the region of the Americas and around the world.[4] In the near future AMI hopes that all participating countries will achieve health systems strengthening, strategic planning, monitoring, and evaluation, operational research and country level capacity-building.[5] To achieve the malaria control goals, AMI focuses on five main objectives led by the Pan American Health Organization. (PAHO)[6]

  • Objective 1: Enhance efforts on malaria surveillance, prevention as well as early detection and containment of epidemics.
  • Objective 2: Advocate, strengthen and optimize strategies and tools for efficient and cost-effective vector management.
  • Objective 3: Enhance the system of malaria diagnose and treatment.
  • Objective 4: Foster an environment that encourages as well as support efforts against the disease.
  • Objective 5: Advance efforts to strengthen the health system and build the capacities of the nation to relevantly and sufficiently address their respective malaria challenges.

History

The rationale for creating AMI was and still remains the need to provide and invest in targeted activities to improve malaria control in the Amazon basin countries where 88% malaria cases in latin America and the Caribbean are reported. [7]The Americas also where medication used to treat P. falciparum malaria are being reported to be ineffective.[4]Nearly 95% of the malaria burden in the Americas is located in the Amazon basin region, as well as 98% of the Plasmodium falciparum infection.[8]When AMI first lunched the initial participating countries included Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Bolivia, and Venezuela.[9] By 2008 Venezuela ceased participation[2], Shortly Bolivia did the samein 2013.[9] AMI later expanded to include Central American countries Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama.[9]

AMI Success

Since AMI has been introduced the Americas have seen a 58% decrease in reported cases and 70% decrease in death due to malaria..[10] From 2007 to 2008 the Americas reported 30% less cases of malaria in the Americas as well as a 52% decrease in mortality.[11] By 2008, reports of fatal malaria cases dropped by 83%.[12] There was an decline in incidence rate from 2000 to 2012 in 18 of the 21 endemic countries.[10] By 2015 Brazil, Colombia, and Peru are estimated to achieve reduction of > 75%, while Panama is estimated to achieve a reduction of 25% to 50%.[10] Guyana in the only participating country to report a rise in cases between the years 2000 and 2012.[10] As of 2013 Belize moved from the control phase to the pre-elimination joining Ecuador, while the other endemic countries remain in the control phase.[10]

Priorities

Currently AMI is working on the five priorities areas for the AMI region. First consolidating the gains achieved during the first ten years of work, contribute further attention to vivax malaria and to population with special needs.[7] Second making malaria control activities more feasible, independently of AMI contribution. Third developing a regional approach to malaria prevention and control; Four, helping national malarial control programs contribute to the decentralization effect in the health sector as well as modifying malaria control strategies to divers and emerging epidemiological setting.[7] lastly AMI is implementing the Strategy and Plan of Action for Malaria in the Americas for 2011-2015.

Strategy and Plan of Action for Malaria

September 2011 countries in the Americas approved a strategy and plan of action for malaria and established key targets for 2015.[10] The Americas plan of action includes a 75% reduction in malaria morbidity as well as 25% reduction in malaria related deaths by 2015.[5]Implement malaria elimination actives in areas that it seems possible, reverse trends in countries where malaria case were on the rise, and prevent any reintroduction of malaria in countries deemed malaria-free.[10]

Antimalarial Medicine Resistance

Through its support for AMI, USAID helped the Pan American Health Organization to create the Amazon Network for the Surveillance of Antimalarial Drug Resistance (RAVREDA). The goal of RAVREDA is to use a network of sentinel sites to monitor medicine efficacy and address antimalarial drug resistance.[13] RAVREDA first launched as an effort to support participating countries to revise their antimalarial drug treatment policies, and promote the implementation of science-based malaria control polices.[1] RAVREDA is a country-led collaborative that monitors the emergence and spread of resistance to antimalarial medicines and addresses the risk of malaria reemergence.[4] The AMI/RAVREDA has assisted countries in the region to develop drug efficacy protocols.[14] REVREDA tailors to their epidemiological situation as well as conducts studies of therapeutic efficacy.[14] They Purpose of AMI/RAVREDA is to be be the motivating role in partnerships, filling regional gaps, assisting regional and subregional coordination, supporting in the preparation of Global found applications, creating a foundation for malaria elimination in where it seems feasible.[14]

Current Partner Countries

Amazon Basin Countries

Central American Countries

International Technical Partners[14]

AMI activities are executed through the collaborative efforts of the six technical international partners varied expertise, all of which work in close coordination with one another as well as with the national counterpart stakeholders.[2]

References

  1. ^ a b Najera, Jose; Zimmerman, Robert; Schmunis, Gabrie; (April 23 2012). External Evaluation of the AMI and RAVREDA. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. ^ a b c Pribluda, Victor S; Barojas, Adrian; Añez, Arletta; López, Cecilia G; Figueroa, Ruth; Herrera, Roxana; Nakao, Gladys; Nogueira, Fernando HA; Pianetti, Gerson A; Povoa, Marinete M; Viana, Giselle MR; Gomes, Margarete S; Escobar, Jose P; Sierra, Olga L; Norena, Susana P; Veloz, Raúl; Bravo, Marcy; Aldás, Martha R; HindsSemple, Alison; Collins, Marilyn; Ceron, Nicolas; Krishnalall, Karanchand; Adhin, Malti; Bretas, Gustavo; Hernandez, Nelly; Mendoza, Marjorie; Smine, Abdelkrim; Chibwe, Kennedy; Lukulay, Patrick; Evans, Lawrence. "Implementation of basic quality control tests for malaria medicines in Amazon Basin countries: results for the 2005–2010 period". Malaria Journal. 11 (1): 2–11. doi:10.1186/1475-2875-11-202.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  3. ^ "AMI Goal and Accomplishments" (PDF). usaidami.
  4. ^ a b c d "AMI Brochure 2014" (PDF). linksmedia.net.
  5. ^ a b "Plan to reduce Malaria and Prevent its Reintroduction". scoop. October 2011. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  6. ^ Regional strategic plan for malaria in the Americas 2006-2010 (PDF). Washington, DC: Pan American Health Organization, Regional office of the World Health Organization. 2006. pp. 20–29. ISBN 9275126410.
  7. ^ a b c Cibulskis, Roll Back Malaria Partnership ; [co-authored by Richard; Szilagyi], Zsofia (2012). Defeating malaria in Asia, the Pacific, Americas, Middle East and Europe. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization on behalf of the Roll Back Maleria Secretariat. pp. 65–66. ISBN 9789241504430.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  8. ^ Hiwat, Hélène; Hardjopawiro, Loretta S; Takken, Willem; Villegas, Leopoldo. "Novel strategies lead to pre-elimination of malaria in previously high-risk areas in Suriname, South America". Malaria Journal. 11 (1): 1–4. doi:10.1186/1475-2875-11-10. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  9. ^ a b c "Activities in the Amazon Region". www.cdc.com. Retrieved 26 June 2014.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g option=com_docman&task=doc_view&gid=23815&Itemid=270&lang=en "Malaria in the Americas". paho.org. Retrieved 26 June 2014. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)
  11. ^ "Combating Malaria" (PDF). NAPSA.
  12. ^ "Casos de Malaria mortal se redujeron". Andina. November 7 2008. Retrieved 19 June 2014. {{cite news}}: |first1= missing |last1= (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)
  13. ^ Kumar, kaveri; Pigazzini, Anna; Stenson, Bo. "Financing for Malaria Elimination" (PDF). globalhealthscience.ucsf.edu.
  14. ^ a b c d World Malaria Report (PDF). Geneva: WHO Library. p. 60. ISBN 978 92 4 156440 3. Retrieved 7 July 2014.

External links

Category:Malaria organizations

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amazon_Malaria_Initiative&oldid=615990825"