Jump to content

1012 Sarema: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
Tags: Visual edit Mobile edit Mobile web edit
overall revision 2018
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Infobox planet
{{Infobox planet
| minorplanet = yes
| minorplanet = yes
| discoverer = [[Karl Wilhelm Reinmuth]]<ref name=name/>
| name = 1012 Sarema
| background = #D6D6D6
| discovered = 12 January 1924<ref name=name/>
| background = #FFFFC0
| image =
| image_size =
| mpc_name = (1012) Sarema<ref name=name/>
| mp_category = Main-belt asteroid
| caption =
| alt_names = 1924 PM<ref name=name/>
| discovery_ref = &thinsp;<ref name="MPC-object" />
| discoverer = [[Karl Reinmuth|K. Reinmuth]]
| epoch = 31 July 2016 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2457600.5)
| discovery_site = [[Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory|Heidelberg Obs.]]
| eccentricity = 0.13484
| discovered = 12 January 1924
| aphelion = {{Convert|2.8145|AU|Gm|abbr=on|lk=on}}
| perihelion = {{Convert|2.1457|AU|Gm|abbr=on}}
| mpc_name = (1012) Sarema
| alt_names = 1924 PM{{·}}{{mp|1942 VC|1}}<br />1954 XL{{·}}1954 YF<br />A907 VQ{{·}}A907 WA
| semimajor = {{Convert|2.4801|AU|Gm|abbr=on}}
| inclination = 4.0319°
| pronounced =
| named_after = [[Sarema]]&thinsp;<ref name="springer" /><br />{{nowrap|{{small|(character in opera/poem)}}}}
| asc_node = 73.192°
| mp_category = [[main-belt]]{{·}}[[Nysa family|Nysa]]&thinsp;<ref name="lcdb" /><br />background&nbsp;<ref name="Ferret" />
| arg_peri = 24.782°
| mean_anomaly = 254.59[[Degree (angle)|°]]
| orbit_ref = &thinsp;<ref name="jpldata" />
| epoch = 23 March 2018 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2458200.5)
| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.25234|sup=ms}} / day
| uncertainty = 0
| period = 3.91 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (1426.6 [[Julian year (astronomy)|d]])
| observation_arc = 110.21 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (40,255 d)
| orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata">{{Cite web |url=http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=1012;cad=1 |title=1012 Sarema (1924 PM) |work=[[JPL Small-Body Database]] |publisher=[[NASA]]/[[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]] |access-date=2 May 2016}}</ref>
| aphelion = 2.8132 [[Astronomical unit|AU]]
| observation_arc = 108.42 yr (39601 days)
| uncertainty = 0
| perihelion = 2.1460 AU
| abs_magnitude = 12.41
| semimajor = 2.4796 AU
| eccentricity = 0.1345
| rotation = {{Convert|10.32|h|d|abbr=on|lk=on}}
| albedo = {{val|0.0430|0.006}}
| period = 3.90 yr (1,426 d)
| mean_radius = {{val|10.56|0.65}} [[Kilometre|km]]
| mean_anomaly = 45.983[[Degree (angle)|°]]
| moid = {{Convert|1.1617|AU|Gm|abbr=on}}
| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.2524|sup=ms}} / day
| inclination = 4.0321°
| jupiter_moid = {{Convert|2.34308|AU|Gm|abbr=on}}
| tisserand = 3.463
| asc_node = 73.188°
| arg_peri = 24.805°
}}<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Poe|first=M.|last2=Williams|first2=M. N.|last3=Greenfield|first3=N. J.|last4=Hoogsteen|first4=K.|date=1975-11-03|title=Dihydrofolate reductase from a methotrexate-resistant Escherichia coli: proton magnetic resonance studies of complexes with folate and methotrexate|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1012|journal=Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications|volume=67|issue=1|pages=240–247|issn=0006-291X|pmid=1012}}</ref>
| mean_diameter = {{val|16.06|5.63}} km<ref name="Nugent-2015" /><br />{{val|17.228|5.264}} km<ref name="Masiero-2017" /><br />{{val|18.18|5.40}} km<ref name="Nugent-2016" /><br />{{val|20.905|0.122}} km<ref name="Masiero-2014" /><br />{{val|21.12|1.3}} km<ref name="SIMPS" /><br />21.13 km {{small|(derived)}}<ref name="lcdb" /><br />{{val|21.144|0.115}} km<ref name="WISE" /><br />{{val|22.96|0.49}} km<ref name="AKARI" />
| rotation = {{val|10.30708|ul=h}}<ref name="Hanus-2011" /><ref name="Durech-2009" /><br />{{val|10.32}} h<ref name="Binzel-1987b" />
| albedo = {{val|0.0342|0.0046}}<ref name="WISE" /><br />{{val|0.037|0.002}}<ref name="AKARI" /><br />{{val|0.0430|0.006}}<ref name="SIMPS" /><br />0.0450 {{small|(derived)}}<ref name="lcdb" /><br />{{val|0.049|0.003}}<ref name="Masiero-2014" /><br />{{val|0.0634|0.0412}}<ref name="Masiero-2017" /><br />{{val|0.07|0.04}}<ref name="Nugent-2015" /><br />{{val|0.07|0.06}}<ref name="Nugent-2016" />
| spectral_type = [[Tholen classification|Tholen]] {{=}} [[F-type asteroid|F]]&thinsp;<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="jpldata" /><br />[[Asteroid color indices|B–V]] {{=}} 0.693<ref name="jpldata" /><br />[[Asteroid color indices|U–B]] {{=}} 0.189<ref name="jpldata" />
| abs_magnitude = 12.26<ref name="Nugent-2016" />{{·}}12.36<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="WISE" /><br />12.41<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="Nugent-2015" /><ref name="Masiero-2017" /><ref name="SIMPS" /><ref name="AKARI" /><ref name="Binzel-1987b" />
}}


'''1012 Sarema''' is an [[asteroid]]. It was discovered by [[Germany|German]] [[astronomer]] [[Karl Wilhelm Reinmuth]] on January 12, 1924. Its provisional designation was '''1924 PM'''. It was named after a character in a [[Poetry|poem]] by [[Aleksandr Pushkin]], made into the [[opera]] ''[[Sarema (opera)|Sarema]]'' by [[Alexander von Zemlinsky]].<ref name=name/>
'''1012 Sarema''', provisional designation {{mpf|1924 PM}}, is a dark background [[asteroid]] from the inner regions of the [[asteroid belt]], approximately {{convert|21|km|mi|abbr=off|sp=us}} kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 12 January 1924, by German astronomer [[Karl Reinmuth]] at the [[Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory]] at Heidelberg, Germany.<ref name="MPC-object" /> The asteroid was named after [[Sarema]], a character in a poem by [[Aleksandr Pushkin]] and protagonist of an opera of the same name by [[Alexander von Zemlinsky]].<ref name="springer" /> The asteroid has a [[rotation period]] of 10.3 hours and probably an elongated shape.<ref name="lcdb" />


== Orbit and classification ==
==References==
<references>
<ref name=name>{{cite book|last=Schmadel|first=Lutz|title=Dictionary of Minor Planet Names|volume=1|date=1992|publisher=[[Springer Verlag]]|location=Berlin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg=PA88&dq=1012+Sarema&hl=sv&sa=X&ei=fdbBUs2UMsqT4ATf8IC4CA&ved=0CD0Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=11012%20Sarema&f=false|isbn=3-540-00238-3}}</ref>
</references>


''Sarema'' is a non-[[Asteroid family|family]] asteroid of the main belt's background population when applying the [[Hierarchical Clustering Method (asteroids)|hierarchical clustering method]] to its [[proper orbital elements]].<ref name="Ferret" /> Based on osculating Keplerian [[orbital elements]], the asteroid has also been classified as a member of the [[Nysa family]] ({{small|[[FIN tbl#405|405]]}}), the largest [[asteroid family]] of the main belt, consisting of stony and carbonaceous subfamilies. The family, named after [[44 Nysa]], is located in the inner belt near the [[Kirkwood gap]] (3:1 orbital resonance with Jupiter), a depleted zone that separates the central main belt.<ref name="lcdb" />
==External links==

It orbits the Sun in the [[Kirkwood gap|inner]] asteroid belt at a distance of 2.1–2.8&nbsp;[[Astronomical unit|AU]] once every 3 years and 11 months (1,426 days; [[semi-major axis]] of 2.48&nbsp;AU). Its orbit has an [[orbital eccentricity|eccentricity]] of 0.13 and an [[orbital inclination|inclination]] of 4[[Degree (angle)|°]] with respect to the [[ecliptic]].<ref name="jpldata" />

The body's [[observation arc]] begins with its first observation as {{mpf|A907 VQ}} at Heidelberg in November 1907, more than 16 years prior to its official discovery observation.<ref name="MPC-object" />

== Physical characteristics ==

In the [[Tholen classification]], ''Sarema'' is an uncommon [[F-type asteroid]] of the carbonaceous [[C-type asteroid#C-group asteroids|C-complex]].<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="jpldata" />

=== Rotation period and poles ===

In April 1983, a first rotational [[lightcurve]] of ''Sarema'' was obtained from [[Photometry (astronomy)|photometric]] observations by American astronomer [[Richard Binzel]]. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined [[rotation period]] of 10.32 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.81 [[Magnitude (astronomy)|magnitude]] ({{small|[[LCDB quality code|U=3]]}}), which is indicative for an elongated, non-spherical shape.<ref name="Binzel-1987b" />

In 2009 and 2011, two modeled lightcurves gave a concurring sidereal period 10.30708 hours, combining sparse and dense photometric data from the Uppsala Asteroid Photometric Catalogue and other sources. The two studies also determined two [[Poles of astronomical bodies|spin axis]] of (45.0°, 67.0°) and (253.0°, 63.0°), as well as (51.0°, 64.0°) and (254.0°, 53.0°) in [[Ecliptic coordinate system|ecliptic coordinates]] (λ,&thinsp;β), respectively.<ref name="Hanus-2011" /><ref name="Durech-2009" />

=== Diameter and albedo ===

According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite [[IRAS]], the Japanese [[Akari (satellite)|Akari satellite]] and the [[NEOWISE]] mission of NASA's [[Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer]], ''Sarema'' measures between 16.06 and 22.96 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an [[astronomical albedo|albedo]] between 0.0342 and 0.07.<ref name="Nugent-2015" /><ref name="Masiero-2017" /><ref name="Nugent-2016" /><ref name="Masiero-2014" /><ref name="SIMPS" /><ref name="WISE" /><ref name="AKARI" /> The ''Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link'' derives an albedo of 0.045 and a diameter of 21.13 kilometers based on an [[absolute magnitude]] of 12.36.<ref name="lcdb" />

== Naming ==

This [[minor planet]] was named after a character in a poem by [[Aleksandr Pushkin]], made into the opera ''[[Sarema]]'' by [[Alexander von Zemlinsky]]. The official naming citation was mentioned in ''[[The Names of the Minor Planets]]'' by [[Paul Herget]] in 1955 ({{small|[[Herget's discovery circumstances|H 97]]}}). The asteroid's name was suggested by Russian astronomer Nikolaj Komendantov ''(also see {{MoMP|3958|3958 Komendantov}})''.<ref name="springer" />

== References ==
{{reflist|30em|refs=

<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web
|type = 2018-01-26 last obs.
|title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1012 Sarema (1924 PM)
|url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2001012
|publisher = [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]]
|accessdate = 3 March 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="springer">{{cite book
|title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1012) Sarema
|last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D.
|publisher = [[Springer Berlin Heidelberg]]
|page = 87
|date = 2007
|url = https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1013
|isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3
|accessdate = 3 March 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="MPC-object">{{cite web
|title = 1012 Sarema (1924 PM)
|work = [[Minor Planet Center]]
|url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=1012
|accessdate = 3 March 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="Masiero-2014">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero
|first2 = T. |last2 = Grav
|first3 = A. K. |last3 = Mainzer
|first4 = C. R. |last4 = Nugent
|first5 = J. M. |last5 = Bauer
|first6 = R. |last6 = Stevenson
|first7 = S. |last7 = Sonnett
|date = August 2014
|title = Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos
|url = https://arxiv.org/pdf/1406.6645.pdf
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal
|volume = 791
|issue = 2
|page = 11
|bibcode = 2014ApJ...791..121M
|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121
|arxiv = 1406.6645
|access-date= 3 March 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="Ferret">{{cite web
|title = Small Bodies Data Ferret
|work = Nesvorny HCM Asteroid Families V3.0
|url = https://sbntools.psi.edu/ferret/PropertySearch/familyForm.action
|accessdate = 3 March 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="lcdb">{{cite web
|title = LCDB Data for (1012) Sarema
|publisher = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)
|url = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/GenerateALCDEFPage_Local.php?AstInfo=1012%7CSarema
|accessdate = 3 March 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="SIMPS">{{cite journal
|first1 = E. F. |last1 = Tedesco
|first2 = P. V. |last2 = Noah
|first3 = M. |last3 = Noah
|first4 = S. D. |last4 = Price
|date = October 2004
|title = IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0
|url = https://sbn.psi.edu/pds/asteroid/IRAS_A_FPA_3_RDR_IMPS_V6_0/data/diamalb.tab
|journal = NASA Planetary Data System
|bibcode = 2004PDSS...12.....T
|access-date= 3 March 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="WISE">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = A. |last1 = Mainzer
|first2 = T. |last2 = Grav
|first3 = J. |last3 = Masiero
|first4 = E. |last4 = Hand
|first5 = J. |last5 = Bauer
|first6 = D. |last6 = Tholen
|first7 = R. S. |last7 = McMillan
|first8 = T. |last8 = Spahr
|first9 = R. M. |last9 = Cutri
|first10 = E. |last10 = Wright
|first11 = J. |last11 = Watkins
|first12 = W. |last12 = Mo
|first13 = C. |last13 = Maleszewski
|date = November 2011
|title = NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results
|url = http://arxiv.org/pdf/1109.6407v1.pdf
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal
|volume = 741
|issue = 2
|page = 25
|bibcode = 2011ApJ...741...90M
|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90
|arxiv = 1109.6407
|access-date= 3 March 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="AKARI">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Fumihiko |last1 = Usui
|first2 = Daisuke |last2 = Kuroda
|first3 = Thomas G. |last3 = Müller
|first4 = Sunao |last4 = Hasegawa
|first5 = Masateru |last5 = Ishiguro
|first6 = Takafumi |last6 = Ootsubo
|first7 = Daisuke |last7 = Ishihara
|first8 = Hirokazu |last8 = Kataza
|first9 = Satoshi |last9 = Takita
|first10 = Shinki |last10 = Oyabu
|first11 = Munetaka |last11 = Ueno
|first12 = Hideo |last12 = Matsuhara
|first13 = Takashi |last13 = Onaka
|date = October 2011
|title = Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey
|url = http://pasj.oxfordjournals.org/content/63/5/1117.full.pdf+html
|journal = Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan
|volume = 63
|issue = 5
|pages = 1117–1138
|bibcode = 2011PASJ...63.1117U
|doi = 10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117
|access-date= 3 March 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="Nugent-2015">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = C. R. |last1 = Nugent
|first2 = A. |last2 = Mainzer
|first3 = J. |last3 = Masiero
|first4 = J. |last4 = Bauer
|first5 = R. M. |last5 = Cutri
|first6 = T. |last6 = Grav
|first7 = E. |last7 = Kramer
|first8 = S. |last8 = Sonnett
|first9 = R. |last9 = Stevenson
|first10 = E. L. |last10 = Wright
|date = December 2015
|title = NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year One: Preliminary Asteroid Diameters and Albedos
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015ApJ...814..117N
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal
|volume = 814
|issue = 2
|page = 13
|bibcode = 2015ApJ...814..117N
|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/117
|arxiv = 1509.02522
|access-date= 3 March 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="Masiero-2017">{{Cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero
|first2 = C. |last2 = Nugent
|first3 = A. K. |last3 = Mainzer
|first4 = E. L. |last4 = Wright
|first5 = J. M. |last5 = Bauer
|first6 = R. M. |last6 = Cutri
|first7 = T. |last7 = Grav
|first8 = E. |last8 = Kramer
|first9 = S. |last9 = Sonnett
|date = October 2017
|title = NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Three: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos
|url = https://arxiv.org/pdf/1708.09504.pdf
|journal = The Astronomical Journal
|volume = 154
|issue = 4
|page = 10
|bibcode = 2017AJ....154..168M
|doi = 10.3847/1538-3881/aa89ec
|arxiv = 1708.09504
|access-date= 3 March 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="Nugent-2016">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = C. R. |last1 = Nugent
|first2 = A. |last2 = Mainzer
|first3 = J. |last3 = Bauer
|first4 = R. M. |last4 = Cutri
|first5 = E. A. |last5 = Kramer
|first6 = T. |last6 = Grav
|first7 = J. |last7 = Masiero
|first8 = S. |last8 = Sonnett
|first9 = E. L. |last9 = Wright
|date = September 2016
|title = NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2016AJ....152...63N
|journal = The Astronomical Journal
|volume = 152
|issue = 3
|page = 12
|bibcode = 2016AJ....152...63N
|doi = 10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63
|arxiv = 1606.08923
|access-date= 3 March 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="Durech-2009">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = J. |last1 = Durech
|first2 = M. |last2 = Kaasalainen
|first3 = B. D. |last3 = Warner
|first4 = M. |last4 = Fauerbach
|first5 = S. A. |last5 = Marks
|first6 = S. |last6 = Fauvaud
|first7 = M. |last7 = Fauvaud
|first8 = J.-M. |last8 = Vugnon
|first9 = F. |last9 = Pilcher
|first10 = L. |last10 = Bernasconi
|first11 = R. |last11 = Behrend
|date = January 2009
|title = Asteroid models from combined sparse and dense photometric data
|url = https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/pdf/2009/01/aa10393-08.pdf
|journal = Astronomy and Astrophysics
|volume = 493
|issue = 1
|pages = 291–297
|bibcode = 2009A&A...493..291D
|doi = 10.1051/0004-6361:200810393
|access-date= 24 August 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="Binzel-1987b">{{Cite journal
|author = Binzel, R. P.
|date = October 1987
|title = A photoelectric survey of 130 asteroids
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=1987Icar...72..135B
|journal = Icarus
|pages = 135–208
|issn = 0019-1035
|bibcode = 1987Icar...72..135B
|doi = 10.1016/0019-1035(87)90125-4
|access-date= 3 March 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="Hanus-2011">{{Cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = J. |last1 = Hanus
|first2 = J. |last2 = Durech
|first3 = M. |last3 = Broz
|first4 = B. D. |last4 = Warner
|first5 = F. |last5 = Pilcher
|first6 = R. |last6 = Stephens
|first7 = J. |last7 = Oey
|first8 = L. |last8 = Bernasconi
|first9 = S. |last9 = Casulli
|first10 = R. |last10 = Behrend
|first11 = D. |last11 = Polishook
|first12 = T. |last12 = Henych
|first13 = M. |last13 = Lehký
|first14 = F. |last14 = Yoshida
|first15 = T. |last15 = Ito
|date = June 2011
|title = A study of asteroid pole-latitude distribution based on an extended set of shape models derived by the lightcurve inversion method
|url = https://arxiv.org/pdf/1104.4114.pdf
|journal = Astronomy and Astrophysics
|volume = 530
|page = 16
|bibcode = 2011A&A...530A.134H
|doi = 10.1051/0004-6361/201116738
|arxiv = 1104.4114
|access-date= 3 March 2018}}</ref>

}} <!-- end of reflist -->

== External links ==
* [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info])
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books
* [http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
* [http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)] – ''Minor Planet Center''
* [https://space.frieger.com/asteroids/asteroids/ Shape models of asteroids], ''3D Asteroid Catalogue''
* {{JPL small body}}
* {{JPL small body}}


{{Minor planets navigator|1011 Laodamia|number=1012|1013 Tombecka}}
{{Minor planets navigator |1011 Laodamia |number=1012 |1013 Tombecka}}
{{Small Solar System bodies}}
{{Small Solar System bodies}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:001012}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:}}
[[Category:Main-belt asteroids]]
[[Category:Main-belt asteroids|001012]]
[[Category:Numbered minor planets]]
[[Category:Numbered minor planets|001012]]
[[Category:Discoveries by Karl Wilhelm Reinmuth|Sarema]]
[[Category:Discoveries by Karl Wilhelm Reinmuth]]
[[Category:Minor planets named from literature|Sarema]]
[[Category:Minor planets named from literature]]
[[Category:Named minor planets|Sarema]]
[[Category:Named minor planets]]
[[Category:F-type asteroids (Tholen)]]
[[Category:F-type asteroids (Tholen)|001012]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1924|19240112]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1924|19240112]]


{{Beltasteroid-stub}}

Revision as of 15:31, 3 March 2018

1012 Sarema
Discovery [1]
Discovered byK. Reinmuth
Discovery siteHeidelberg Obs.
Discovery date12 January 1924
Designations
(1012) Sarema
Named after
Sarema [2]
(character in opera/poem)
1924 PM · 1942 VC1
1954 XL · 1954 YF
A907 VQ · A907 WA
main-belt · Nysa [3]
background [4]
Orbital characteristics [5]
Epoch 23 March 2018 (JD 2458200.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc110.21 yr (40,255 d)
Aphelion2.8132 AU
Perihelion2.1460 AU
2.4796 AU
Eccentricity0.1345
3.90 yr (1,426 d)
45.983°
0° 15m 8.64s / day
Inclination4.0321°
73.188°
24.805°
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter
16.06±5.63 km[6]
17.228±5.264 km[7]
18.18±5.40 km[8]
20.905±0.122 km[9]
21.12±1.3 km[10]
21.13 km (derived)[3]
21.144±0.115 km[11]
22.96±0.49 km[12]
10.30708 h[13][14]
10.32 h[15]
0.0342±0.0046[11]
0.037±0.002[12]
0.0430±0.006[10]
0.0450 (derived)[3]
0.049±0.003[9]
0.0634±0.0412[7]
0.07±0.04[6]
0.07±0.06[8]
Tholen = F [3][5]
B–V = 0.693[5]
U–B = 0.189[5]
12.26[8] · 12.36[3][11]
12.41[5][6][7][10][12][15]

1012 Sarema, provisional designation 1924 PM, is a dark background asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 21 kilometers (13 miles) kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 12 January 1924, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory at Heidelberg, Germany.[1] The asteroid was named after Sarema, a character in a poem by Aleksandr Pushkin and protagonist of an opera of the same name by Alexander von Zemlinsky.[2] The asteroid has a rotation period of 10.3 hours and probably an elongated shape.[3]

Orbit and classification

Sarema is a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population when applying the hierarchical clustering method to its proper orbital elements.[4] Based on osculating Keplerian orbital elements, the asteroid has also been classified as a member of the Nysa family (405), the largest asteroid family of the main belt, consisting of stony and carbonaceous subfamilies. The family, named after 44 Nysa, is located in the inner belt near the Kirkwood gap (3:1 orbital resonance with Jupiter), a depleted zone that separates the central main belt.[3]

It orbits the Sun in the inner asteroid belt at a distance of 2.1–2.8 AU once every 3 years and 11 months (1,426 days; semi-major axis of 2.48 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.13 and an inclination of 4° with respect to the ecliptic.[5]

The body's observation arc begins with its first observation as A907 VQ at Heidelberg in November 1907, more than 16 years prior to its official discovery observation.[1]

Physical characteristics

In the Tholen classification, Sarema is an uncommon F-type asteroid of the carbonaceous C-complex.[3][5]

Rotation period and poles

In April 1983, a first rotational lightcurve of Sarema was obtained from photometric observations by American astronomer Richard Binzel. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 10.32 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.81 magnitude (U=3), which is indicative for an elongated, non-spherical shape.[15]

In 2009 and 2011, two modeled lightcurves gave a concurring sidereal period 10.30708 hours, combining sparse and dense photometric data from the Uppsala Asteroid Photometric Catalogue and other sources. The two studies also determined two spin axis of (45.0°, 67.0°) and (253.0°, 63.0°), as well as (51.0°, 64.0°) and (254.0°, 53.0°) in ecliptic coordinates (λ, β), respectively.[13][14]

Diameter and albedo

According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Sarema measures between 16.06 and 22.96 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.0342 and 0.07.[6][7][8][9][10][11][12] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.045 and a diameter of 21.13 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 12.36.[3]

Naming

This minor planet was named after a character in a poem by Aleksandr Pushkin, made into the opera Sarema by Alexander von Zemlinsky. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 97). The asteroid's name was suggested by Russian astronomer Nikolaj Komendantov (also see 3958 Komendantov).[2]

References

  1. ^ a b c "1012 Sarema (1924 PM)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  2. ^ a b c Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1012) Sarema. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 87. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i "LCDB Data for (1012) Sarema". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  4. ^ a b "Small Bodies Data Ferret". Nesvorny HCM Asteroid Families V3.0. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1012 Sarema (1924 PM)" (2018-01-26 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  6. ^ a b c d Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Masiero, J.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Grav, T.; et al. (December 2015). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year One: Preliminary Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 814 (2): 13. arXiv:1509.02522. Bibcode:2015ApJ...814..117N. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/117. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  7. ^ a b c d Masiero, Joseph R.; Nugent, C.; Mainzer, A. K.; Wright, E. L.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; et al. (October 2017). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Three: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos" (PDF). The Astronomical Journal. 154 (4): 10. arXiv:1708.09504. Bibcode:2017AJ....154..168M. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa89ec. Retrieved 3 March 2018.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  8. ^ a b c d Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Kramer, E. A.; Grav, T.; et al. (September 2016). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astronomical Journal. 152 (3): 12. arXiv:1606.08923. Bibcode:2016AJ....152...63N. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63. Retrieved 3 March 2018.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  9. ^ a b c Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R.; et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos" (PDF). The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (2): 11. arXiv:1406.6645. Bibcode:2014ApJ...791..121M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  10. ^ a b c d Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  11. ^ a b c d Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results" (PDF). The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv:1109.6407. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  12. ^ a b c d Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  13. ^ a b Hanus, J.; Durech, J.; Broz, M.; Warner, B. D.; Pilcher, F.; Stephens, R.; et al. (June 2011). "A study of asteroid pole-latitude distribution based on an extended set of shape models derived by the lightcurve inversion method" (PDF). Astronomy and Astrophysics. 530: 16. arXiv:1104.4114. Bibcode:2011A&A...530A.134H. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201116738. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  14. ^ a b Durech, J.; Kaasalainen, M.; Warner, B. D.; Fauerbach, M.; Marks, S. A.; Fauvaud, S.; et al. (January 2009). "Asteroid models from combined sparse and dense photometric data" (PDF). Astronomy and Astrophysics. 493 (1): 291–297. Bibcode:2009A&A...493..291D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200810393. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
  15. ^ a b c Binzel, R. P. (October 1987). "A photoelectric survey of 130 asteroids". Icarus: 135–208. Bibcode:1987Icar...72..135B. doi:10.1016/0019-1035(87)90125-4. ISSN 0019-1035. Retrieved 3 March 2018.

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1012_Sarema&oldid=828595638"