Arctostaphylos patula: Difference between revisions

Arctostaphylos patula
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Asterids
Order:	Ericales
Family:	Ericaceae
Genus:	Arctostaphylos
Species:	A. patula
Binomial name
	Arctostaphylos patula; Greene

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Revision as of 17:00, 27 January 2019

Arctostaphylos patula is a species of manzanita known by the common name greenleaf manzanita. This manzanita is native to western North America where it grows in coniferous forests at moderate to high elevations.

Distribution

The distribution of Arctostaphylos patula is one of the most widespread of the manzanitas, spanning most of western North America. Its northern edge is in Washington state, eastern edge in Colorado, western edge the North American coast, and southern most edge in Baja California, Mexico. It spans in elevation from about 1,500 to 12,000 feet.

Description

This shrub reaches between 1 and 2 meters in height. It is low to the ground with some of the lower branches rooting in the soil and others extending more outward than upward. The stems are twisting and reddish-brown in color, and shiny due to glandular secretion. The petioles may sometimes have clear-to-glandular hairs. The leaves are oval-shaped to nearly round, and flat, shiny, and smooth. They are 6 centimeters long and four wide at maximum.

The plentiful flowers are white to pink and urn-shaped, each with five small lobes at the mouth of the corolla, hanging in bunches. The fruits are dark brown drupes nearly a centimeter wide, each containing about five hard-coated seeds that can be fused. Seeds are primarily dispersed by seed-caching mammals,^[1] and sometimes the fruits are consumed and dispersed by medium-to-large mammals such as bears, coyotes, coatis, and foxes. Seeds require fire followed by cold conditions to germinate; seeds can remain dormant in soil for hundreds of years.

Greenleaf manzanitas in some areas, but not all, produce lignotubers, from which they can reproduce vegetatively.

Uses

Some Plateau Indian tribes drank a tea of greenleaf manzanita as a cathartic.^[2]

References

^ Moore, Christopher M.; Vander Wall, Stephen B. (2015). "Scatter-hoarding rodents disperse seeds to safe sites in a fire-prone ecosystem". Plant Ecology. 216 (8): 1137–1153. doi:10.1007/s11258-015-0497-1.
^ Hunn, Eugene S. (1990). Nch'i-Wana, "The Big River": Mid-Columbia Indians and Their Land. University of Washington Press. p. 351. ISBN 978-0-295-97119-3.

External links

This Ericaceae article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[moore-1] Moore, Christopher M.; Vander Wall, Stephen B. (2015). "Scatter-hoarding rodents disperse seeds to safe sites in a fire-prone ecosystem". Plant Ecology. 216 (8): 1137–1153. doi:10.1007/s11258-015-0497-1.

[hunn-2] Hunn, Eugene S. (1990). Nch'i-Wana, "The Big River": Mid-Columbia Indians and Their Land. University of Washington Press. p. 351. ISBN 978-0-295-97119-3.

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 This shrub reaches between 1 and 2 meters in height. It is low to the ground with some of the lower branches rooting in the soil and others extending more outward than upward. The stems are twisting and reddish-brown in color, and shiny due to glandular secretion. The petioles may sometimes have clear-to-glandular hairs. The leaves are oval-shaped to nearly round, and flat, shiny, and smooth. They are 6 centimeters long and four wide at maximum.
-The plentiful flowers are white to pink and urn-shaped, each with five small lobes at the mouth of the [[Corolla (flower)|corolla]], hanging in bunches. The fruits are dark brown [[drupe]]s nearly a centimeter wide, each containing about five hard-coated seeds that can be fused. Seeds are primarily dispersed by seed-caching mammals,<ref name=moore>Moore, C. M. & S. B. Vander Wall. (2015). [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11258-015-0497-1 ''Scatter-hoarding rodents disperse seeds to safe sites in a fire-prone ecosystem.] ''Plant Ecology'' 216:8 1137-1153.</ref> and sometimes the fruits are consumed and dispersed by medium-to-large mammals such as bears, coyotes, coatis, and foxes. Seeds require fire followed by cold conditions to germinate; seeds can remain dormant in soil for hundreds of years.
+The plentiful flowers are white to pink and urn-shaped, each with five small lobes at the mouth of the [[Corolla (flower)|corolla]], hanging in bunches. The fruits are dark brown [[drupe]]s nearly a centimeter wide, each containing about five hard-coated seeds that can be fused. Seeds are primarily dispersed by seed-caching mammals,<ref name=moore>{{Cite journal | doi=10.1007/s11258-015-0497-1|title = Scatter-hoarding rodents disperse seeds to safe sites in a fire-prone ecosystem| journal=Plant Ecology| volume=216| issue=8| pages=1137–1153|year = 2015|last1 = Moore|first1 = Christopher M.| last2=Vander Wall| first2=Stephen B.}}</ref> and sometimes the fruits are consumed and dispersed by medium-to-large mammals such as bears, coyotes, coatis, and foxes. Seeds require fire followed by cold conditions to germinate; seeds can remain dormant in soil for hundreds of years.
 Greenleaf manzanitas in some areas, but not all, produce [[lignotuber]]s, from which they can [[Vegetative reproduction|reproduce vegetatively]].
 ==Uses==
-Some [[Indigenous peoples of the Northwest Plateau|Plateau Indian]] tribes drank a tea of greenleaf manzanita as a [[cathartic]].<ref name="hunn">{{cite book |last= Hunn |first= Eugene S. |title= Nch'i-Wana, "The Big River": Mid-Columbia Indians and Their Land |publisher=[[University of Washington Press]] |year= 1990 |isbn= 0-295-97119-3| page=351}}</ref>
+Some [[Indigenous peoples of the Northwest Plateau|Plateau Indian]] tribes drank a tea of greenleaf manzanita as a [[cathartic]].<ref name="hunn">{{cite book |last= Hunn |first= Eugene S. |title= Nch'i-Wana, "The Big River": Mid-Columbia Indians and Their Land |publisher=[[University of Washington Press]] |year= 1990 |isbn= 978-0-295-97119-3| page=351}}</ref>
 ==References==