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'''''Kocuria''''' is a genus of [[gram-positive bacteria]] in the phylum [[Actinobacteria]], including the [[sequenced]] species ''[[Kocuria rhizophila]]''. ''Kocuria'' has been identified in the [[milk]] of [[water deer]] and [[reindeer]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Li |first1=Zhipeng |last2=Wright |first2=André-Denis G. |last3=Yang |first3=Yifeng |last4=Si |first4=Huazhe |last5=Li |first5=Guangyu |date=2017-01-18 |title=Unique Bacteria Community Composition and Co-occurrence in the Milk of Different Ruminants |url=http://www.nature.com/articles/srep40950 |journal=Scientific Reports |language=en |volume=7 |doi=10.1038/srep40950 |issn=2045-2322 |pmc=5241872 |pmid=28098228}}</ref>
'''''Kocuria''''' is a genus of [[gram-positive bacteria]] in the phylum [[Actinobacteria]], class ''Actinobacteria'', order ''Actinomycetales'', sub order ''Micrococcinae'' and family ''Micrococcaceae''. ''Kocuria'' was discovered by Miroslav Kosur, a Slovakian microbiologist. It has been found in the [[milk]] of [[water deer]] and [[reindeer]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Li |first1=Zhipeng |last2=Wright |first2=André-Denis G. |last3=Yang |first3=Yifeng |last4=Si |first4=Huazhe |last5=Li |first5=Guangyu |date=2017-01-18 |title=Unique Bacteria Community Composition and Co-occurrence in the Milk of Different Ruminants |url=http://www.nature.com/articles/srep40950 |journal=Scientific Reports |language=en |volume=7 |doi=10.1038/srep40950 |issn=2045-2322 |pmc=5241872 |pmid=28098228}}</ref> ''Kocuria'' is a cocci bacteria that has morphology resembling ''Staphylococci'' and ''Micrococci;'' however, with the use of the automated identification system and methods such as 16s rRNA sequencing, ''Kocuria'' has been identified.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Venkataramana|first=Kandi|last2=Padmavali|first2=Palange|last3=Ritu|first3=Vaish|last4=Adnan|first4=Bashir Bhatti|last5=Vinod|first5=Kale|last6=Maheshwar|first6=Reddy Kandi|last7=Mohan|first7=Rao Bhoomagiri|date=8-2016|title=Emerging Bacterial Infection: Identification and Clinical Significance of Kocuria Species|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5017880/|journal=Cureus|volume=8|issue=8|doi=10.7759/cureus.731|via=}}</ref>

''Kocuria'' has been found to live on human skin and oral cavity.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Grice|first=Elizabeth|last2=Kong|first2=Heidi|last3=Renaud|first3=Gabriel|last4=Young|first4=Alice|last5=Bouffard|first5=Gerard|last6=Blakesly|first6=Robert|last7=Wolfsberg|first7=Tyra|last8=Turner|first8=Maria|last9=Segre|first9=Julia|date=July 2018|title=A diversity profile of the human skin microbiota|url=|journal=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2493393/|volume=18|issue=7|pages=1043-1050|doi=10.1101/gr.075549.107|pmid=18502944|via=}}</ref> It is generally considered non-pathogenic but can be found in some infections. Specific infection associated with ''Kocuria'' are urinary tract infections, cholecystitis, catheter-associated bacteremia, dacryocystitis, canaliculitis, keratitis, native valve endocarditis, peritonitis, descending necrotizing mediastinitis, brain abscess and meningitis.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Dotis|first=John|last2=Printza|first2=Nikoleta|last3=Stabouli|first3=Stella|last4=Papachristou|first4=Fotios|date=Jan-Feb 2015|title=Kocuria Species Peritonitis: Although Rare, We Have To Care|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4335924/|journal=Peritoneal Dialysis International|volume=35|pages=26-30|doi=10.3747/pdi.2013.00138|pmid=24584591|via=}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ma|first=Edmond SK|last2=Wong|first2=Chris LP|last3=Lai|first3=Kristi TW|last4=Chan|first4=Edmond CH|last5=Yam|first5=WC|last6=Chan|first6=Angus CW|date=2005-07-19|title=Kocuria kristinae infection associated with acute cholecystitis|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-5-60|journal=BMC Infectious Diseases|volume=5|issue=1|doi=10.1186/1471-2334-5-60|issn=1471-2334}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Sohn|first=Kyung Mok|last2=Baek|first2=Jin-Yang|last3=Kim|first3=So Hyun|last4=Cheon|first4=Shinhye|last5=Kim|first5=Yeon-Sook|date=2015-04|title=Catheter-related bacteremia caused by Kocuria salsicia: The first case|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiac.2014.11.005|journal=Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy|volume=21|issue=4|pages=305–307|doi=10.1016/j.jiac.2014.11.005|issn=1341-321X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Domont|first=Fanny|last2=Le Flèche‐Matéos|first2=Anne|last3=Brémond‐Gignac|first3=Dominique|last4=Hamdad|first4=Farida|date=2014-06-01|title=Kocuria dacryocystitis infection, caused by kocuria ocularis sp. Nov.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmmcr.0.002022|journal=JMM Case Reports|volume=1|issue=2|doi=10.1099/jmmcr.0.002022|issn=2053-3721}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mattern|first=R.M.|last2=Ding|first2=Jiaxi|date=2014-02-27|title=Keratitis with <b><i>Kocuria palustris</i></b> and <b><i>Rothia mucilaginosa</i></b> in Vitamin A Deficiency|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000360391|journal=Case Reports in Ophthalmology|volume=5|issue=1|pages=72–77|doi=10.1159/000360391|issn=1663-2699}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Moreira|first=Jorge Salomão|last2=Riccetto|first2=Adriana Gut Lopes|last3=da Silva|first3=Marcos Tadeu Nolasco|last4=Vilela|first4=Maria Marluce dos Santos|date=2015-01|title=Endocarditis by Kocuria rosea in an immunocompetent child|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjid.2014.09.007|journal=The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases|volume=19|issue=1|pages=82–84|doi=10.1016/j.bjid.2014.09.007|issn=1413-8670}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Lee|first=Mi Kyung|last2=Choi|first2=Soon Ho|last3=Ryu|first3=Dae Woong|date=2013-10-11|title=Descending necrotizing Mediastinitis caused by Kocuria rosea: a case report|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-13-475|journal=BMC Infectious Diseases|volume=13|issue=1|doi=10.1186/1471-2334-13-475|issn=1471-2334}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Tsai|first=Cheng-Yu|last2=Su|first2=Shou-hsin|last3=Cheng|first3=Yu-Hsin|last4=Chou|first4=Yu-lin|last5=Tsai|first5=Tai-Hsin|last6=Lieu|first6=Ann-Shung|date=2010-04-27|title=Kocuria varians infection associated with brain abscess: A case report|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-10-102|journal=BMC Infectious Diseases|volume=10|issue=1|doi=10.1186/1471-2334-10-102|issn=1471-2334}}</ref>

In a study done by Louisiana State University, 75 strains of bacteria from the Atacama Desert were tested for its ability to grow in Mars-like climates. The environment tested contained high concentrations of perchlorate salts, a similar condition found on Mars surface. In this environment, ''Kocuria'' was found to grow in one of the highest concentrations compared to the other strains.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/3601/|title=Investigation of the Growth and Survival of Bacteria from Mars Analog Environments When Exposed to Mars-like Conditions|last=Vallalar|first=Bharathi|date=2012|website=LSU Digital Commons|url-status=live}}</ref>


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 20:45, 6 December 2019

Kocuria
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Actinomycetota
Class: Actinomycetia
Order: Micrococcales
Family: Micrococcaceae
Genus: Kocuria
Stackebrandt et al. 1995[1]
Species[2]

Kocuria is a genus of gram-positive bacteria in the phylum Actinobacteria, class Actinobacteria, order Actinomycetales, sub order Micrococcinae and family Micrococcaceae. Kocuria was discovered by Miroslav Kosur, a Slovakian microbiologist. It has been found in the milk of water deer and reindeer.[3] Kocuria is a cocci bacteria that has morphology resembling Staphylococci and Micrococci; however, with the use of the automated identification system and methods such as 16s rRNA sequencing, Kocuria has been identified.[4]

Kocuria has been found to live on human skin and oral cavity.[5] It is generally considered non-pathogenic but can be found in some infections. Specific infection associated with Kocuria are urinary tract infections, cholecystitis, catheter-associated bacteremia, dacryocystitis, canaliculitis, keratitis, native valve endocarditis, peritonitis, descending necrotizing mediastinitis, brain abscess and meningitis.[6] [7][8][9][10][11][12][13]

In a study done by Louisiana State University, 75 strains of bacteria from the Atacama Desert were tested for its ability to grow in Mars-like climates. The environment tested contained high concentrations of perchlorate salts, a similar condition found on Mars surface. In this environment, Kocuria was found to grow in one of the highest concentrations compared to the other strains.[14]

References

  1. ^ Stackebrandt, E., Koch, C., Gvozdiak, O., and Schumann, P. "Taxonomic dissection of the genus Micrococcus: Kocuria gen. nov., Nesterenkonia gen. nov., Kytococcus gen. nov., Dermacoccus gen. nov., and Micrococcus Cohn 1872 gen. emend." Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. (1995) 45:682-692
  2. ^ "Kocuria" (HTML). NCBI taxonomy. Bethesda, MD: National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved 16 May 2019.
  3. ^ Li, Zhipeng; Wright, André-Denis G.; Yang, Yifeng; Si, Huazhe; Li, Guangyu (2017-01-18). "Unique Bacteria Community Composition and Co-occurrence in the Milk of Different Ruminants". Scientific Reports. 7. doi:10.1038/srep40950. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 5241872. PMID 28098228.
  4. ^ Venkataramana, Kandi; Padmavali, Palange; Ritu, Vaish; Adnan, Bashir Bhatti; Vinod, Kale; Maheshwar, Reddy Kandi; Mohan, Rao Bhoomagiri (8-2016). "Emerging Bacterial Infection: Identification and Clinical Significance of Kocuria Species". Cureus. 8 (8). doi:10.7759/cureus.731. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  5. ^ Grice, Elizabeth; Kong, Heidi; Renaud, Gabriel; Young, Alice; Bouffard, Gerard; Blakesly, Robert; Wolfsberg, Tyra; Turner, Maria; Segre, Julia (July 2018). "A diversity profile of the human skin microbiota". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2493393/. 18 (7): 1043–1050. doi:10.1101/gr.075549.107. PMID 18502944. {{cite journal}}: External link in |journal= (help)
  6. ^ Dotis, John; Printza, Nikoleta; Stabouli, Stella; Papachristou, Fotios (Jan–Feb 2015). "Kocuria Species Peritonitis: Although Rare, We Have To Care". Peritoneal Dialysis International. 35: 26–30. doi:10.3747/pdi.2013.00138. PMID 24584591.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date format (link)
  7. ^ Ma, Edmond SK; Wong, Chris LP; Lai, Kristi TW; Chan, Edmond CH; Yam, WC; Chan, Angus CW (2005-07-19). "Kocuria kristinae infection associated with acute cholecystitis". BMC Infectious Diseases. 5 (1). doi:10.1186/1471-2334-5-60. ISSN 1471-2334.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  8. ^ Sohn, Kyung Mok; Baek, Jin-Yang; Kim, So Hyun; Cheon, Shinhye; Kim, Yeon-Sook (2015-04). "Catheter-related bacteremia caused by Kocuria salsicia: The first case". Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy. 21 (4): 305–307. doi:10.1016/j.jiac.2014.11.005. ISSN 1341-321X. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  9. ^ Domont, Fanny; Le Flèche‐Matéos, Anne; Brémond‐Gignac, Dominique; Hamdad, Farida (2014-06-01). "Kocuria dacryocystitis infection, caused by kocuria ocularis sp. Nov". JMM Case Reports. 1 (2). doi:10.1099/jmmcr.0.002022. ISSN 2053-3721.
  10. ^ Mattern, R.M.; Ding, Jiaxi (2014-02-27). "Keratitis with Kocuria palustris and Rothia mucilaginosa in Vitamin A Deficiency". Case Reports in Ophthalmology. 5 (1): 72–77. doi:10.1159/000360391. ISSN 1663-2699.
  11. ^ Moreira, Jorge Salomão; Riccetto, Adriana Gut Lopes; da Silva, Marcos Tadeu Nolasco; Vilela, Maria Marluce dos Santos (2015-01). "Endocarditis by Kocuria rosea in an immunocompetent child". The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases. 19 (1): 82–84. doi:10.1016/j.bjid.2014.09.007. ISSN 1413-8670. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  12. ^ Lee, Mi Kyung; Choi, Soon Ho; Ryu, Dae Woong (2013-10-11). "Descending necrotizing Mediastinitis caused by Kocuria rosea: a case report". BMC Infectious Diseases. 13 (1). doi:10.1186/1471-2334-13-475. ISSN 1471-2334.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  13. ^ Tsai, Cheng-Yu; Su, Shou-hsin; Cheng, Yu-Hsin; Chou, Yu-lin; Tsai, Tai-Hsin; Lieu, Ann-Shung (2010-04-27). "Kocuria varians infection associated with brain abscess: A case report". BMC Infectious Diseases. 10 (1). doi:10.1186/1471-2334-10-102. ISSN 1471-2334.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  14. ^ Vallalar, Bharathi (2012). "Investigation of the Growth and Survival of Bacteria from Mars Analog Environments When Exposed to Mars-like Conditions". LSU Digital Commons.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)


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