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{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox planet
{{Infobox planet
| minorplanet= yes
| minorplanet = yes
| name = 948 Jucunda
| background= #D6D6D6
| background = #D6D6D6
| name= 948 Jucunda
| image =
| mpc_name= (948) Jucunda
| image_size =
| alt_names= 1921 JE
| caption =
| discoverer= [[Karl Wilhelm Reinmuth|K. Reinmuth]]
| discovery_ref = &thinsp;<ref name="MPC-object" />
| discovery_site= [[Landessternwarte Heidelberg-Königstuhl|Heidelberg]]
| discoverer = [[Karl Reinmuth|K. Reinmuth]]
| discovered= 3 March 1921
| discovery_site = [[Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory|Heidelberg Obs.]]
| orbit_ref= <ref name="jpldata">{{Cite web |url=https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=948;cad=1 |title=948 Jucunda (1921 JE) |work=[[JPL Small-Body Database]] |publisher=[[NASA]]/[[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]] |access-date=2 May 2016}}</ref>
| discovered = 3 March 1921
| observation_arc= 95.10 yr (34734 days)
| mpc_name = (948) Jucunda
| uncertainty= 0
| alt_names = A921 EL{{·}}1921 JE
| epoch= 31 July 2016 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2457600.5)
| pronounced =
| eccentricity= 0.16443
| named_after = {{nowrap|Name picked from the almanac}}<br />''[[Lahrer Hinkender Bote]]''&thinsp;<ref name="springer" />
| semimajor= {{Convert|3.0329|AU|Gm|abbr=on}}
| mp_category = [[main-belt]]&thinsp;<ref name="MPC-object" /><ref name="jpldata" />{{·}}{{small|([[Kirkwood gap|outer]])}}<br />[[Background asteroid|background]]&thinsp;<ref name="AstDys-object" /><ref name="Ferret" />
| perihelion= {{Convert|2.5342|AU|Gm|abbr=on}}
| orbit_ref = &thinsp;<ref name="jpldata" />
| aphelion= {{Convert|3.5316|AU|Gm|abbr=on|lk=on}}
| epoch = 31 May 2020 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2459000.5)
| period= 5.28 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (1929.2 [[Julian year (astronomy)|d]])
| uncertainty = 0
| inclination= 8.6588°
| observation_arc = 98.85 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (36,104 d)
| asc_node= 357.122°
| aphelion = 3.5276 [[Astronomical unit|AU]]
| arg_peri= 163.764°
| perihelion = 2.5362 AU
| mean_anomaly= 15.8251[[Degree (angle)|°]]
| semimajor = 3.0319 AU
| mean_motion= {{Deg2DMS|0.18660|sup=ms}} / day
| abs_magnitude= 11.5
| eccentricity = 0.1635
| period = 5.28 yr (1,928 d)
| rotation= {{Convert|26.24|h|d|abbr=on|lk=on}}
| mean_anomaly = 277.84[[Degree (angle)|°]]
| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.1867|sup=ms}} / day
| inclination = 8.6536°
| asc_node = 357.10°
| arg_peri = 163.29°
| mean_diameter = {{val|17.331|0.194|ul=km}}<ref name="Masiero-2014" /><br />{{val|17.77|1.08|u=km}}<ref name="AKARI" />
| rotation = {{val|26.24|0.01|ul=h}}<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="Stephens-2011i" />
| albedo = {{val|0.170|0.022}}<ref name="AKARI" /><br />{{val|0.196|0.037}}<ref name="Masiero-2014" />
| spectral_type = ''n.a.''
| abs_magnitude = 11.5<ref name="MPC-object" /><ref name="jpldata" />
}}
}}


'''948 Jucunda''' ([[Minor planet provisional designation|provisional designation]] {{mp|A921 EL}} or {{mp|1921 JE}}) is a [[background asteroid]], approximately {{convert|17|km|mi|abbr=off|sigfig=2|sp=us}} in diameter, located in the outer region of the [[asteroid belt]]. It was discovered on 3 March 1921, by astronomer [[Karl Reinmuth]] at the [[Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory]] in southwest Germany.<ref name="MPC-object" /> The asteroid has a longer-than average [[rotation period]] of 26.2 hours. It was named after a common German female name, unrelated to the discoverer's contemporaries, that was taken from the almanac ''[[Lahrer Hinkender Bote]]''.<ref name="springer" />
'''948 Jucunda''' is a [[minor planet]] orbiting the [[Sun]].

== Orbit and classification ==

''Jucunda'' is a non-[[Asteroid family|family]] asteroid of the main belt's [[Background asteroid|background population]] when applying the [[hierarchical clustering method]] to its [[proper orbital elements]].<ref name="AstDys-object" /><ref name="Ferret" /> It orbits the Sun in the [[Kirkwood gap|outer]] asteroid belt at a distance of 2.5–3.5&nbsp;[[Astronomical unit|AU]] once every 5 years and 3 months (1,928 days; [[semi-major axis]] of 3.03&nbsp;AU). Its orbit has an [[orbital eccentricity|eccentricity]] of 0.16 and an [[orbital inclination|inclination]] of 9[[Degree (angle)|°]] with respect to the [[ecliptic]].<ref name="jpldata" /> The body's [[observation arc]] begins at Heidelberg/[[Vienna Observatory]] on 10 March 1921, one week after its official discovery observation.<ref name="MPC-object" />

== Naming ==

This [[minor planet]] was named "Jucunda", after a female name picked from the ''[[Lahrer Hinkender Bote]]'', published in [[Lahr]], southern Germany. A ''Hinkender Bote'' (lit. "limping messenger") was a very popular [[almanac]], especially in the [[Alemannic German|alemannic-speaking]] region from the late 17th throughout the early 20th century. The [[Calendar (stationery)|calendar]] section contains [[feast days]], the dates of important fairs and [[Ephemeris|astronomical ephemerides]]. The calendar contains a German [[name day]] analogue for the respective catholic and protestant feast-days ''(entry not found)''.<ref name="Laher" /> The name derives from ''[[:wikt:iucundus|iucundus]]'', Latin for "pleasant" or "agreeable".

=== Reinmuth's ''calendar names'' ===

As with [[913 Otila]], [[994 Otthild]], [[997&nbsp;Priska]] and [[1144&nbsp;Oda]], Reinmuth selected names from this calendar due to his many asteroid discoveries that he had trouble thinking of proper names. These names are not related to the discoverer's contemporaries. [[Lutz Schmadel]], the author of the ''Dictionary of Minor Planet Names'' learned about Reinmuth's source of inspiration from private communications with Dutch astronomer [[Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld]], who worked as a young astronomer at Heidelberg.<ref name="springer" />

== Physical characteristics ==

''Jucunda'' is an assumed carbonaceous [[C-type asteroid]].<ref name="lcdb" /> However, most published [[astronomical albedo|albedo]]s are between 0.13 and 0.19, too high to agree with a carbonaceous [[Asteroid spectral type|spectral type]] ''(see below)''.

=== Rotation period ===

In April 2011, a rotational [[lightcurve]] of ''Jucunda'' was obtained from [[Photometry (astronomy)|photometric]] observations by [[Robert D. Stephens|Robert Stephens]] at the Santana Observatory {{Obscode|646}} and Goat Mountain Astronomical Research Station {{Obscode|G79}} in Californian. Lightcurve analysis gave a [[rotation period]] of {{val|26.24|0.01}} hours with a brightness amplitude of {{val|0.30|0.03}} [[Magnitude (astronomy)|magnitude]] ({{small|[[LCDB quality code|U=3]]}}).<ref name="Stephens-2011i" /> Observations in March 2011, by [[Luca Strabla]], [[Ulisse Quadri]] and Roberto Girelli at [[Bassano Bresciano Observatory]] {{Obscode|565}} gave a period of {{val|28.639|0.012}} hours with an amplitude of {{val|0.35|0.05}} magnitude ({{small|[[LCDB quality code|U=2+]]}}).<ref name="Strabla-2011b" /> Additional period determinations of {{convert|1.150|d|h|sigfig=3|abbr=on|order=flip}} and {{convert|1.16220|d|h|sigfig=3|abbr=on|order=flip}} were made by Eric Barbotin and [[Raoul Behrend]] in November 2019, and by [[Pierre Antonini]] in March 2011 ({{small|[[LCDB quality code|U=''n.a.'']]}}).<ref name="geneva-obs" />

=== Diameter and albedo ===

According to the survey carried out by the [[NEOWISE]] mission of NASA's [[Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer]] (WISE) and the Japanese [[Akari (satellite)|Akari satellite]], ''Jucunda'' measures {{val|17.331|0.194}} and {{val|17.77|1.08}} kilometers in diameter and its surface has an [[astronomical albedo|albedo]] of {{val|0.196|0.037}} and {{val|0.170|0.022}}, respectively.<ref name="Masiero-2014" /><ref name="AKARI" /> The ''Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link'' assumes a standard albedo for a [[C-type asteroid|carbonaceous]] asteroid of 0.057 and calculates a diameter of 27.90 kilometers based on an [[absolute magnitude]] of 11.5.<ref name="lcdb" /> Additional measurements were published by the WISE team (all of them have larger diameters with lower albedos). They are: {{val|18.116|0.134|u=km}} (2011), {{val|19.38|0.23|u=km}} (2012) and {{val|20.00|5.78|u=km}} (2016) with the corresponding albedos of {{val|0.1635|0.0282}}, {{val|0.130|0.015}} and {{val|0.09|0.07}}, respectively.<ref name="Ferret" /><ref name="lcdb" />


== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist|30em|refs=
{{Reflist}}

<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web
|type = 2020-01-07 last obs.
|title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 948 Jucunda (A921 EL)
|url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2000948
|publisher = [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]]
|accessdate = 14 February 2020}}</ref>

<ref name="springer">{{cite book
|title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names
|last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D.
|publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg
|chapter = (948) Jucunda
|page = 83
|date = 2007
|doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_949
|isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3}}</ref>

<ref name="Laher">{{cite web
|title = Lahrer hinkender Bote – Kalender 1925
|date = 1925
|website = Badischen Landesbibliothek
|url = https://digital.blb-karlsruhe.de/blbihd/periodical/pageview/3467471
|accessdate = 14 February 2020}} [https://digital.blb-karlsruhe.de/topic/view/3617734 ''Lahrer Bote'' archive]</ref>

<ref name="MPC-object">{{cite web
|title = 948 Jucunda (A921 EL)
|work = Minor Planet Center
|url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=948
|accessdate = 14 February 2020}}</ref>

<ref name="geneva-obs">{{cite web
|title = Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (948) Jucunda
|last = Behrend |first = Raoul
|publisher = Geneva Observatory
|url = http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page3cou.html#000948
|accessdate = 14 February 2020}}</ref>

<ref name="Masiero-2014">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero
|first2 = T. |last2 = Grav
|first3 = A. K. |last3 = Mainzer
|first4 = C. R. |last4 = Nugent
|first5 = J. M. |last5 = Bauer
|first6 = R. |last6 = Stevenson
|first7 = S. |last7 = Sonnett
|date = August 2014
|title = Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos
|url = https://arxiv.org/pdf/1406.6645.pdf
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal
|volume = 791
|issue = 2
|page = 11
|bibcode = 2014ApJ...791..121M
|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121
|arxiv = 1406.6645
|access-date= 14 February 2020}}</ref>

<ref name="AKARI">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Fumihiko |last1 = Usui
|first2 = Daisuke |last2 = Kuroda
|first3 = Thomas G. |last3 = Müller
|first4 = Sunao |last4 = Hasegawa
|first5 = Masateru |last5 = Ishiguro
|first6 = Takafumi |last6 = Ootsubo
|first7 = Daisuke |last7 = Ishihara
|first8 = Hirokazu |last8 = Kataza
|first9 = Satoshi |last9 = Takita
|first10 = Shinki |last10 = Oyabu
|first11 = Munetaka |last11 = Ueno
|first12 = Hideo |last12 = Matsuhara
|first13 = Takashi |last13 = Onaka
|date = October 2011
|title = Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey
|url = http://pasj.oxfordjournals.org/content/63/5/1117.full.pdf+html
|journal = Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan
|volume = 63
|issue = 5
|pages = 1117–1138
|bibcode = 2011PASJ...63.1117U
|doi = 10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117
|access-date= 14 February 2020}} ([http://vizier.cfa.harvard.edu/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-source=J/PASJ/63/1117/acua_v1&Num=948 online], [https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/43545172.pdf AcuA catalog p. 153])</ref>

<ref name="lcdb">{{cite web
|title = LCDB Data for (948) Jucunda
|publisher = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)
|url = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php
|accessdate = 14 February 2020}}</ref>

<ref name="Ferret">{{cite web
|title = Asteroid 948 Jucunda
|work = Small Bodies Data Ferret
|url = https://sbntools.psi.edu/ferret/SimpleSearch/results.action?targetName=948+Jucunda
|accessdate = 14 February 2020}}</ref>

<ref name="AstDys-object">{{cite web
|title = Asteroid 948 Jucunda – Proper Elements
|publisher = AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site
|url = https://newton.spacedys.com/astdys/index.php?pc=1.1.6&n=948
|access-date= 14 February 2020}}</ref>

<ref name="Stephens-2011i">{{Cite journal
|first1 = Robert D. |last1 = Stephens
|date = October 2011
|title = Asteroids Observed from GMARS and Sanana Observatories: 2011 April - June
|url = http://www.minorplanet.info/MPB/issues/MPB_38-4.pdf
|journal = The Minor Planet Bulletin
|volume = 38
|issue = 4
|pages = 211–212
|bibcode = 2011MPBu...38..211S}}</ref>

<ref name="Strabla-2011b">{{Cite journal
|first1 = Luca |last1 = Strabla
|first2 = Ulisse |last2 = Quadri
|first3 = Roberto |last3 = Girelli
|date = July 2011
|title = Minor Planet Lightcurve Analysis at Bassano Bresciano Observatory: 2010 October - 2011 March
|url = http://www.minorplanet.info/MPB/issues/MPB_38-3.pdf
|journal = The Minor Planet Bulletin
|volume = 38
|issue = 3
|pages = 169–172
|bibcode = 2011MPBu...38..169S}}</ref>

}} <!-- end of reflist -->


== External links ==
== External links ==
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books
* [http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
* [http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)] – Minor Planet Center
* {{AstDys|948}}
* {{AstDys|948}}
* {{JPL small body}}
* {{JPL small body}}


{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Minor planets navigator |947 Monterosa |number=948 |949 Hel}}
{{Minor planets navigator |947 Monterosa |number=948 |949 Hel}}
{{Small Solar System bodies}}
{{Small Solar System bodies}}
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[[Category:Named minor planets]]
[[Category:Named minor planets]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1921|19210303]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1921|19210303]]


{{beltasteroid-stub}}

Revision as of 00:40, 15 February 2020

948 Jucunda
Discovery [1]
Discovered byK. Reinmuth
Discovery siteHeidelberg Obs.
Discovery date3 March 1921
Designations
(948) Jucunda
Named after
Name picked from the almanac
Lahrer Hinkender Bote [2]
A921 EL · 1921 JE
main-belt [1][3] · (outer)
background [4][5]
Orbital characteristics [3]
Epoch 31 May 2020 (JD 2459000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc98.85 yr (36,104 d)
Aphelion3.5276 AU
Perihelion2.5362 AU
3.0319 AU
Eccentricity0.1635
5.28 yr (1,928 d)
277.84°
0° 11m 12.12s / day
Inclination8.6536°
357.10°
163.29°
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter
17.331±0.194 km[6]
17.77±1.08 km[7]
26.24±0.01 h[8][9]
0.170±0.022[7]
0.196±0.037[6]
n.a.
11.5[1][3]

948 Jucunda (provisional designation A921 EL or 1921 JE) is a background asteroid, approximately 17 kilometers (11 miles) in diameter, located in the outer region of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 3 March 1921, by astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in southwest Germany.[1] The asteroid has a longer-than average rotation period of 26.2 hours. It was named after a common German female name, unrelated to the discoverer's contemporaries, that was taken from the almanac Lahrer Hinkender Bote.[2]

Orbit and classification

Jucunda is a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population when applying the hierarchical clustering method to its proper orbital elements.[4][5] It orbits the Sun in the outer asteroid belt at a distance of 2.5–3.5 AU once every 5 years and 3 months (1,928 days; semi-major axis of 3.03 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.16 and an inclination of 9° with respect to the ecliptic.[3] The body's observation arc begins at Heidelberg/Vienna Observatory on 10 March 1921, one week after its official discovery observation.[1]

Naming

This minor planet was named "Jucunda", after a female name picked from the Lahrer Hinkender Bote, published in Lahr, southern Germany. A Hinkender Bote (lit. "limping messenger") was a very popular almanac, especially in the alemannic-speaking region from the late 17th throughout the early 20th century. The calendar section contains feast days, the dates of important fairs and astronomical ephemerides. The calendar contains a German name day analogue for the respective catholic and protestant feast-days (entry not found).[10] The name derives from iucundus, Latin for "pleasant" or "agreeable".

Reinmuth's calendar names

As with 913 Otila, 994 Otthild, 997 Priska and 1144 Oda, Reinmuth selected names from this calendar due to his many asteroid discoveries that he had trouble thinking of proper names. These names are not related to the discoverer's contemporaries. Lutz Schmadel, the author of the Dictionary of Minor Planet Names learned about Reinmuth's source of inspiration from private communications with Dutch astronomer Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld, who worked as a young astronomer at Heidelberg.[2]

Physical characteristics

Jucunda is an assumed carbonaceous C-type asteroid.[8] However, most published albedos are between 0.13 and 0.19, too high to agree with a carbonaceous spectral type (see below).

Rotation period

In April 2011, a rotational lightcurve of Jucunda was obtained from photometric observations by Robert Stephens at the Santana Observatory (646) and Goat Mountain Astronomical Research Station (G79) in Californian. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 26.24±0.01 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.30±0.03 magnitude (U=3).[9] Observations in March 2011, by Luca Strabla, Ulisse Quadri and Roberto Girelli at Bassano Bresciano Observatory (565) gave a period of 28.639±0.012 hours with an amplitude of 0.35±0.05 magnitude (U=2+).[11] Additional period determinations of 27.6 h (1.150 d) and 27.9 h (1.16220 d) were made by Eric Barbotin and Raoul Behrend in November 2019, and by Pierre Antonini in March 2011 (U=n.a.).[12]

Diameter and albedo

According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) and the Japanese Akari satellite, Jucunda measures 17.331±0.194 and 17.77±1.08 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.196±0.037 and 0.170±0.022, respectively.[6][7] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for a carbonaceous asteroid of 0.057 and calculates a diameter of 27.90 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 11.5.[8] Additional measurements were published by the WISE team (all of them have larger diameters with lower albedos). They are: 18.116±0.134 km (2011), 19.38±0.23 km (2012) and 20.00±5.78 km (2016) with the corresponding albedos of 0.1635±0.0282, 0.130±0.015 and 0.09±0.07, respectively.[5][8]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e "948 Jucunda (A921 EL)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 14 February 2020.
  2. ^ a b c Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(948) Jucunda". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 83. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_949. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
  3. ^ a b c d "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 948 Jucunda (A921 EL)" (2020-01-07 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 14 February 2020.
  4. ^ a b "Asteroid 948 Jucunda – Proper Elements". AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site. Retrieved 14 February 2020.
  5. ^ a b c "Asteroid 948 Jucunda". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 14 February 2020.
  6. ^ a b c Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R.; et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos" (PDF). The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (2): 11. arXiv:1406.6645. Bibcode:2014ApJ...791..121M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121. Retrieved 14 February 2020.
  7. ^ a b c Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Retrieved 14 February 2020. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
  8. ^ a b c d "LCDB Data for (948) Jucunda". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 14 February 2020.
  9. ^ a b Stephens, Robert D. (October 2011). "Asteroids Observed from GMARS and Sanana Observatories: 2011 April - June" (PDF). The Minor Planet Bulletin. 38 (4): 211–212. Bibcode:2011MPBu...38..211S.
  10. ^ "Lahrer hinkender Bote – Kalender 1925". Badischen Landesbibliothek. 1925. Retrieved 14 February 2020. Lahrer Bote archive
  11. ^ Strabla, Luca; Quadri, Ulisse; Girelli, Roberto (July 2011). "Minor Planet Lightcurve Analysis at Bassano Bresciano Observatory: 2010 October - 2011 March" (PDF). The Minor Planet Bulletin. 38 (3): 169–172. Bibcode:2011MPBu...38..169S.
  12. ^ Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (948) Jucunda". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 14 February 2020.

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=948_Jucunda&oldid=940845852"