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The '''''Lun''-class ekranoplan''' is a [[ground effect vehicle]] (GEV) designed by [[Rostislav Alexeyev|Rostislav Evgenievich Alexeyev]] in 1975 and used by the [[Soviet Navy|Soviet]] and [[Russian Navy|Russian]] navies from 1987 until sometime in the late 1990s.<ref name=ValueWalk>{{cite web|last1=Shukla|first1=Vikas|title=Russia Revives Its Soviet-Era Ekranoplan Project|url=http://www.valuewalk.com/2015/09/russia-revives-ekranoplan-project/|website=ValueWalk|publisher=ValueWalk|accessdate=10 September 2015|date=2015-09-09}}</ref><ref name="Business Insider">{{cite web|last1=Johnson|first1=Robert|last2=Rosen|first2=Armin|title=Here's The Astonishing Hovercraft That The Soviets Could Have Used To Invade Western Europe In The 80s|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/the-soviet-unions-lun-class-ekanoplane-is-the-biggest-ground-effect-vehicle-ever-2014-7|website=Business Insider|publisher=Business Insider|accessdate=10 September 2015}}</ref> |
The '''''Lun''-class ekranoplan''' is a [[ground effect vehicle]] (GEV) designed by [[Rostislav Alexeyev|Rostislav Evgenievich Alexeyev]] in 1975 and used by the [[Soviet Navy|Soviet]] and [[Russian Navy|Russian]] navies from 1987 until sometime in the late 1990s.<ref name=ValueWalk>{{cite web|last1=Shukla|first1=Vikas|title=Russia Revives Its Soviet-Era Ekranoplan Project|url=http://www.valuewalk.com/2015/09/russia-revives-ekranoplan-project/|website=ValueWalk|publisher=ValueWalk|accessdate=10 September 2015|date=2015-09-09}}</ref><ref name="Business Insider">{{cite web|last1=Johnson|first1=Robert|last2=Rosen|first2=Armin|title=Here's The Astonishing Hovercraft That The Soviets Could Have Used To Invade Western Europe In The 80s|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/the-soviet-unions-lun-class-ekanoplane-is-the-biggest-ground-effect-vehicle-ever-2014-7|website=Business Insider|publisher=Business Insider|accessdate=10 September 2015}}</ref> |
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It flew using the lift generated by the [[Ground effect (aircraft)|ground effect]] of its large wings when within about {{convert|4|m|ft|spell=in}} above the surface of the water. Although they might look similar to regular [[aircraft]], and have related technical characteristics, [[ekranoplans]] like the Lun are not aircraft, [[seaplanes]], [[hovercraft]], nor [[hydrofoils]]. Rather, "ground effect" is a distinct technology. The [[International Maritime Organization]] classifies these vehicles as maritime [[ships]].<ref name="YunBliault2009">{{cite book|author1=Liang Yun|author2=Alan Bliault|author3=Johnny Doo|title=WIG Craft and Ekranoplan: Ground |
It flew using the lift generated by the [[Ground effect (aircraft)|ground effect]] of its large wings when within about {{convert|4|m|ft|spell=in}} above the surface of the water. Although they might look similar to regular [[aircraft]], and have related technical characteristics, [[ekranoplans]] like the Lun are not aircraft, [[seaplanes]], [[hovercraft]], nor [[hydrofoils]]. Rather, "ground effect" is a distinct technology. The [[International Maritime Organization]] classifies these vehicles as maritime [[ships]].<ref name="YunBliault2009">{{cite book|author1=Liang Yun|author2=Alan Bliault|author3=Johnny Doo|title=WIG Craft and Ekranoplan: Ground |
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The name ''Lun'' comes from the [[Russian language|Russian]] for [[Harrier (bird)|harrier]].<ref name="Flying Magazine">{{cite book|title=Flying Magazine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DNnRQhLxu7YC&pg=PA72|date=July 1994|pages=72–|issn=0015-4806}}</ref> |
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==Design and development== |
==Design and development== |
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Revision as of 08:52, 25 February 2020
42°52′53″N 47°39′22″E / 42.8815°N 47.6560°E
| File:Lun Ekranoplan.jpg MD-160, the sole completed Lun-class ekranoplan
| |
| Class overview | |
|---|---|
| Name | Lun |
| Operators | |
| In service | 1987–late 1990s |
| Planned | 2 |
| Building | 0 |
| Completed | 1 |
| Cancelled | 1 |
| Active | 0 |
| Lost | 0 |
| Retired | 1 |
| Preserved | 1 |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | Lun |
| Type | Attack/Transport ground effect vehicle |
| Displacement | Displacement n/a, weight 286 tonnes unloaded |
| Length | 73.8 metres (242 ft) |
| Beam | (Wingspan) 44 metres (144 ft) |
| Height | 19.2 metres (63 ft) |
| Draught | (2.5 metres or 8 feet 2 inches) |
| Propulsion | 8× Kuznetsov NK-87 turbojet engines, 127.4 kN (28,600 lbf) thrust |
| Speed | 297 kn (550 km/h; 342 mph) |
| Range | 1,000 nmi (1,900 km; 1,200 mi) |
| Capacity | 100 tonnes (220,000 pounds) |
| Complement | six officers and nine enlisted men |
| Sensors and processing systems | Puluchas search radar |
| Armament |
|
The Lun-class ekranoplan is a ground effect vehicle (GEV) designed by Rostislav Evgenievich Alexeyev in 1975 and used by the Soviet and Russian navies from 1987 until sometime in the late 1990s.[1][2]
It flew using the lift generated by the ground effect of its large wings when within about four metres (13 ft) above the surface of the water. Although they might look similar to regular aircraft, and have related technical characteristics, ekranoplans like the Lun are not aircraft, seaplanes, hovercraft, nor hydrofoils. Rather, "ground effect" is a distinct technology. The International Maritime Organization classifies these vehicles as maritime ships.Cite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page).
The only model of this class ever built, the MD-160, entered service with the Black Sea Fleet in 1987. It was retired in the late 1990s and is now sitting unused at a naval station in Kaspiysk.[2][3][4]
Another version of Lun was planned for use as a mobile field hospital for rapid deployment to any ocean or coastal location. It was named the Spasatel ("Rescuer"). Work was about 90% done, when the military funding ended, and it was never completed.[5][6]
Operators
Specifications
Data from [7]
General characteristics
- Crew: 15 (6 officers, 9 enlisted)
- Capacity: 137 t (302,000 lb)
- Length: 73.8 m (242 ft 2 in)
- Wingspan: 44 m (144 ft 4 in)
- Height: 19.2 m (63 ft 0 in)
- Wing area: 550 m2 (5,900 sq ft)
- Empty weight: 286,000 kg (630,522 lb)
- Max takeoff weight: 380,000 kg (837,757 lb)
- Powerplant: 8 × Kuznetsov NK-87 turbofans, 127.4 kN (28,600 lbf) thrust each
Performance
- Maximum speed: 550 km/h (340 mph, 300 kn)
- Cruise speed: 450 km/h (280 mph, 240 kn) at 2.5 m (8 ft)
- Range: 2,000 km (1,200 mi, 1,100 nmi)
- Service ceiling: 5 m (16 ft) in ground effect
Armament
- Guns: two 23mm Pl-23 cannon in a twin tail turret and two 23mm Pl-23 cannon in a twin turret under forward missile tubes
- Missiles: six launchers for P-270 Moskit Sunburn antiship missiles
Related development
References
- ^ Shukla, Vikas (2015-09-09). "Russia Revives Its Soviet-Era Ekranoplan Project". ValueWalk. ValueWalk. Retrieved 10 September 2015.
- ^ a b Johnson, Robert; Rosen, Armin. "Here's The Astonishing Hovercraft That The Soviets Could Have Used To Invade Western Europe In The 80s". Business Insider. Business Insider. Retrieved 10 September 2015.
- ^ Bogodvid, Maksim (27 January 2012). "Russia Revives Production of Flarecraft". RIA Novosti. Retrieved 14 July 2013.
- ^ Norman Ferguson (1 April 2013). The Little Book of Aviation. History Press Limited. pp. 102–. ISBN 978-0-7524-9285-8.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
YunBliault2009was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Fast Ferry International. High-Speed Surface Craft Limited. 2003.
- ^ van Optal, Edwin. "Lun". Netherlands: The WIG Page. pp. The WIG Page Datasheet no. 26. Archived from the original on 14 June 2012. Retrieved 9 June 2012.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lun-class ekranoplan.