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| name = ''Dromia personata''
| name = ''Dromia personata''
| image = Dromia personata (habitus).jpg
| image = Dromia personata (habitus).jpg
| image_caption =
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Arthropod]]a
| phylum = [[Arthropod]]a
| subphylum = [[Crustacean|Crustacea]]
| subphylum = [[Crustacean|Crustacea]]
| classis =[[Malacostraca]]
| classis = [[Malacostraca]]
| ordo = [[Decapoda]]
| ordo = [[Decapoda]]
| infraordo =[[Crab|Brachyura]]
| infraordo = [[Crab|Brachyura]]
| familia = [[Dromiidae]]
| familia = [[Dromiidae]]
| genus = ''[[Dromia]]''
| genus = ''[[Dromia]]''
Line 14: Line 15:
| binomial_authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]])&nbsp;<ref>{{ITIS |id=98307 |taxon=''Dromia personata''}}</ref>
| binomial_authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]])&nbsp;<ref>{{ITIS |id=98307 |taxon=''Dromia personata''}}</ref>
| synonyms_ref = &nbsp;<ref name="WoRMS">{{cite WoRMS |id=107258 |author=Charles Fransen & Michael Türkay |title=''Dromia personata'' (Linnaeus, 1758) |accessdate=January 8, 2010}}</ref><ref name="Ng">{{cite journal|journal=[[Raffles Bulletin of Zoology]] |year=2008 |volume=17 |pages=1–286 |title=Systema Brachyurorum: Part I. An annotated checklist of extant Brachyuran crabs of the world |author=Peter K. L. Ng, Danièle Guinot & Peter J. F. Davie |url=http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s17/s17rbz.pdf |format=[[Portable Document Format|PDF]] |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606061453/http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s17/s17rbz.pdf |archivedate=2011-06-06 }}</ref>
| synonyms_ref = &nbsp;<ref name="WoRMS">{{cite WoRMS |id=107258 |author=Charles Fransen & Michael Türkay |title=''Dromia personata'' (Linnaeus, 1758) |accessdate=January 8, 2010}}</ref><ref name="Ng">{{cite journal|journal=[[Raffles Bulletin of Zoology]] |year=2008 |volume=17 |pages=1–286 |title=Systema Brachyurorum: Part I. An annotated checklist of extant Brachyuran crabs of the world |author=Peter K. L. Ng, Danièle Guinot & Peter J. F. Davie |url=http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s17/s17rbz.pdf |format=[[Portable Document Format|PDF]] |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606061453/http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s17/s17rbz.pdf |archivedate=2011-06-06 }}</ref>
⚫
| synonyms = *''Cancer personatus'' <small>Linnaeus, 1758</small>
| synonyms =
⚫
*''Cancer personatus'' <small>Linnaeus, 1758</small>
*''Cancer caputmortuum'' <small>Linnaeus, 1767</small>
*''Cancer caputmortuum'' <small>Linnaeus, 1767</small>
*''Dromia clypeata'' <small>Schousboe, 1802</small>
*''Dromia clypeata'' <small>Schousboe, 1802</small>
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}}
}}


'''''Dromia personata''''' is a [[species]] of [[crab]] found in the [[North Sea]], the [[Mediterranean Sea]], and connecting parts of the northeastern [[Atlantic Ocean]].<ref name="Acoz">{{cite web |author=Cédric d'Udekem d'Acoz |date=February 20, 2003 |url=http://www.tmu.uit.no/crustikon/Decapoda/Decapoda2/Species_index/Dromia_personata.htm |publisher=[[Tromsø Museum]] |accessdate=January 9, 2010 |title=''Dromia personata'' (Linnaeus, 1758) |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070625161731/http://www.tmu.uit.no/crustikon/Decapoda/Decapoda2/Species_index/Dromia_personata.htm |archivedate = June 25, 2007}}</ref> It grows up to a [[carapace]] length of {{convert|53|mm}}, and lives mainly from the lower shore to a depth of {{convert|8|m}},<ref name="ETI">{{cite book |url=http://ip30.eti.uva.nl/bis/crustacea.php?menuentry=soorten&id=185 |title=Macrobenthos of the North Sea: Crustacea |author=M. J. de Kluijver & S. S. Ingalsuo |chapter=''Dromia personata'' |publisher=[[University of Amsterdam|Universiteit van Amsterdam]] |access-date=2010-01-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071206141242/http://ip30.eti.uva.nl/bis/crustacea.php?menuentry=soorten |archive-date=2007-12-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref> or occasionally to {{convert|100|m}}, and often in [[cave]]s.<ref name="Acoz"/> The last two pairs of [[arthropod leg|legs]] are positioned dorsally,<ref name="ETI"/> and are used by young crabs to hold a [[sponge]] in place as [[camouflage]].<ref name="Acoz"/>
'''''Dromia personata,''''' also known as the sponge crab or sleepy crab, is a [[species]] of [[crab]] found in the [[North Sea]], the [[Mediterranean Sea]], and connecting parts of the northeastern [[Atlantic Ocean]].<ref name="Acoz">{{cite web |author=Cédric d'Udekem d'Acoz |date=February 20, 2003 |url=http://www.tmu.uit.no/crustikon/Decapoda/Decapoda2/Species_index/Dromia_personata.htm |publisher=[[Tromsø Museum]] |accessdate=January 9, 2010 |title=''Dromia personata'' (Linnaeus, 1758) |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070625161731/http://www.tmu.uit.no/crustikon/Decapoda/Decapoda2/Species_index/Dromia_personata.htm |archivedate = June 25, 2007}}</ref> Like most other epibenthic crustaceans, the biomass of this species is especially dense in the Mediterranean [[continental shelf]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Abelló|first=Pere|last2=Carbonell|first2=Aina|last3=Torres|first3=Pedro|date=2002-06-30|title=Biogeography of epibenthic crustaceans on the shelf and upper slope off the Iberian Peninsula Mediterranean coasts: implications for the establishment of natural management areas|url=http://scientiamarina.revistas.csic.es/index.php/scientiamarina/article/view/616|journal=Scientia Marina|volume=66|issue=S2|pages=183|doi=10.3989/scimar.2002.66s2183|issn=1886-8134}}</ref> It mainly resides from the lower shore to a depth of 50 meters (164 ft), often in caves.<ref name="Acoz"/> Occasionally, they are found living in depths as low as 110 metres (360 ft)<ref name=":0" />. They serve as prey for [[octopus]], [[starfish]], and other [[fish]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=van Moorsel|first=Godfried W. N. M.|last2=Bennema|first2=Floris P.|last3=Nijland|first3=Reindert|date=2017-12|title=First records of the sponge crab Dromia personata (Brachyura) in the Netherlands and its historical findings in the North Sea|url=https://mbr.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s41200-017-0129-7|journal=Marine Biodiversity Records|language=en|volume=10|issue=1|pages=28|doi=10.1186/s41200-017-0129-7|issn=1755-2672}}</ref> Their last two pairs of [[arthropod leg|legs]] are positioned dorsally,<ref name="ETI">{{cite book|author=M. J. de Kluijver & S. S. Ingalsuo|url=http://ip30.eti.uva.nl/bis/crustacea.php?menuentry=soorten&id=185|title=Macrobenthos of the North Sea: Crustacea|publisher=[[University of Amsterdam|Universiteit van Amsterdam]]|chapter=''Dromia personata''|access-date=2010-01-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071206141242/http://ip30.eti.uva.nl/bis/crustacea.php?menuentry=soorten|archive-date=2007-12-06|url-status=dead}}</ref> and are used to hold a [[sponge]] in place as [[camouflage]].<ref name="Acoz"/>

== Reproduction and Development ==
''D. personata'' is a [[Gonochorism|gonochoric]] species.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Okamura|first=Saori|last2=Kawaminami|first2=Takuma|last3=Matsuura|first3=Hiroshi|last4=Fusetani|first4=Nobuhiro|last5=Goshima|first5=Seiji|date=2017-05|title=Behavioral assay and chemical characters of female sex pheromones in the hermit crab Pagurus filholi|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10164-017-0507-y|journal=Journal of Ethology|language=en|volume=35|issue=2|pages=169–176|doi=10.1007/s10164-017-0507-y|issn=0289-0771|pmc=PMC5711989|pmid=29225402}}</ref> Courtship prior to copulation is commonly practiced through visual, olfactory, or tactile means.<ref name=":2" /> After a molding period, when the ovigerous female's exoskeleton has not hardened yet, sperm can be is transferred directly from the male's [[gonopod]].<ref name=":3">{{Citation|last=Subramoniam|first=T.|title=Breeding biology of the intertidal sand crab, Emerita (Decapoda: Anomura)|date=2003|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0065288103460033|work=Advances in Marine Biology|volume=46|pages=91–182|publisher=Elsevier|language=en|doi=10.1016/s0065-2881(03)46003-3|isbn=978-0-12-026146-8|access-date=2020-03-16|last2=Gunamalai|first2=V.}}</ref> Females store eggs in a [[pleopod]] and can also house sperm for up to nine months.<ref name=":3" />

During development, the [[blastula]] forms three tissue layers: the [[ectoderm]], [[mesoderm]], and [[endoderm]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|last=Castro, Peter,|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1085562213|title=Marine biology|others=Huber, Michael E.,, Ober, William C.,, Ober, Claire E.,|isbn=1-260-08510-4|edition=Eleventh edition|location=New York, NY|oclc=1085562213}}</ref> The mesoderm tissue produces the [[Coelom|coelum]], which gives rise to the body cavity and specialized tissues and organs.<ref name=":4" /> Fertilized eggs hatch into [[Larva|larvae]].<ref name=":4" /> These undergo four [[Zoea|zoeal]]<nowiki/>stages, followed by a megalopal stage, and finally an adult stage.<ref name=":2" /> With each molting period between these three phases, the crab gains new appendages while limbs that were formerly established become more specialized.<ref name=":4" />

== Morphology ==
As a member of [[Arthropod|Arthropoda]], ''D. personata'' is [[Bilaterally symmetrical|bilaterally symmetrica]]<nowiki/>l.<ref name=":4" /> The body is composed of a head, which contains the [[cephalon]], and an elongated trunk, which consists of a thorax and abdomen.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|last=Mariappan|first=Pitchaimuthu|last2=Balasundaram|first2=Chellam|last3=Schmitz|first3=Barbara|date=2000-09-01|title=Decapod crustacean chelipeds: an overview|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02703939|journal=Journal of Biosciences|language=en|volume=25|issue=3|pages=301–313|doi=10.1007/BF02703939|issn=0973-7138}}</ref> From the cephalon, there two pairs of [[Antenna (biology)|antennae]] and a [[Mandible (arthropod mouthpart)|mandible]] placed anteriorly, in addition to two pairs of maxillae positioned laterally.<ref name=":5" /> The trunk sprouts five pairs of walking legs, which are segmented medially to laterally: coxa, basis, ischium, merus, carpus, manus, and dactyl.<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal|last=Vidal-Gadea|first=A.G.|last2=Belanger|first2=J.H.|date=2009-05|title=Muscular anatomy of the legs of the forward walking crab, Libinia emarginata (Decapoda, Brachyura, Majoidea)|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1467803908001023|journal=Arthropod Structure & Development|language=en|volume=38|issue=3|pages=179–194|doi=10.1016/j.asd.2008.12.002}}</ref> The coxa, basis, ischium are smaller aspects that serve to attach the jointed limb to the crab's body.<ref name=":6" />

The exoskeleton is composed of a [[chitin]] [[cuticle]].<ref name=":4" /> This is periodically molted when the crab undergoes [[ecdysis]].<ref name=":4" /> Following this shedding, other organisms or the crab itself will ingest the former shell to gain its nutrients. Most of ''D. personata''<nowiki/>'s body is covered in tiny dark brown hairs that result in a smooth or velvet-like appearance.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Shen|first=Hong|last2=Braband|first2=Anke|last3=Scholtz|first3=Gerhard|date=2013-03|title=Mitogenomic analysis of decapod crustacean phylogeny corroborates traditional views on their relationships|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1055790312004332|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|language=en|volume=66|issue=3|pages=776–789|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2012.11.002}}</ref> The only exception is its [[cheliped]] tips, which are typically white or light pink in color and hairless.<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal|last=Shen|first=Hong|last2=Braband|first2=Anke|last3=Scholtz|first3=Gerhard|date=2013-03|title=Mitogenomic analysis of decapod crustacean phylogeny corroborates traditional views on their relationships|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1055790312004332|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|language=en|volume=66|issue=3|pages=776–789|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2012.11.002}}</ref> These two chelipeds are large, equal in size and shape, and placed ventrally.<ref name=":7" />

Typically, crabs have eight [[Pereiopod|pereiopods]] that are utilized for swimming: the second, third, fourth, and fifth pairs of legs.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|last=Dembowska|first=W. S.|date=1926-02|title=STUDY ON THE HABITS OF THE CRAB DROMIA VULGARIS M.E|url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.2307/1536681|journal=The Biological Bulletin|language=en|volume=50|issue=2|pages=163–178|doi=10.2307/1536681|issn=0006-3185}}</ref> However, ''D. personata'' only uses its second and third pairs for locomotion.<ref name=":8" /> These legs are long and stout.<ref name="Acoz" /> The decrease in legs purposed for movement explains its slow speed and thus the "sleepy crab" nickname.<ref name=":8" /> Meanwhile, it utilizes its remaining ambulatory legs, the fourth and fifth pairs, to hold sponges against the hairs of its dorsal [[cephalothorax]].<ref name=":8" /> These legs are sort, narrow, flat, and placed dorsally.<ref name="Acoz" />

== Digestion ==
All decapods have an internal tube that transports food through the mouth, stomach, intestine, and anus.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal|last=Vogt|first=Günter|date=1996-11|title=Morphology and physiology of digestive epithelia inDecapod crustaceans|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF02346357|journal=Pflügers Archiv European Journal of Physiology|language=en|volume=431|issue=S6|pages=R239–R240|doi=10.1007/BF02346357|issn=0031-6768}}</ref> It is divided into three sections: the foregut, midgut, and hindgut.<ref name=":9" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Vogt|first=Günter|date=1996-11|title=Morphology and physiology of digestive epithelia inDecapod crustaceans|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF02346357|journal=Pflügers Archiv European Journal of Physiology|language=en|volume=431|issue=S6|pages=R239–R240|doi=10.1007/BF02346357|issn=0031-6768}}</ref>

The foregut is split into the cardiac foregut and pyloric foregut.<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|last=Brösing|first=Andreas|last2=Richter|first2=Stefan|last3=Scholtz|first3=Gerhard|date=2002-06|title=The foregut-ossicle system of Dromia wilsoni, Dromia personata and Lauridromia intermedia (Decapoda, Brachyura, Dromiidae), studied with a new staining method|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1467803902000099|journal=Arthropod Structure & Development|language=en|volume=30|issue=4|pages=329–338|doi=10.1016/S1467-8039(02)00009-9}}</ref> They both contain [[ossicles]], which serve the essential role of mastication.<ref name=":9" /> Through evolution, they have either disappeared or combined for various species.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Vogt|first=Günter|date=1996-11|title=Morphology and physiology of digestive epithelia inDecapod crustaceans|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF02346357|journal=Pflügers Archiv European Journal of Physiology|language=en|volume=431|issue=S6|pages=R239–R240|doi=10.1007/BF02346357|issn=0031-6768}}</ref> The cardiac foregut is defined by its sac-shaped structure, thin walls, prepterocardiac ossicle, and postpterocardiac ossicle.<ref name=":10" /> Meanwhile the pyloric foregut is characterized by its plates, lateral mesopyloric ossicle, and posterior uropyloric ossicle.<ref name=":10" />

Previous studies and [[staining]] methods were unable to differentiate the calcified structures.<ref name=":10" /> However, recent research completed with [[Alizarin Red S]] staining has allowed them to be described with correct terminology, and for comparative analyses to be completed between decapod crustacean species to determine their phylogenetic relationships. <ref name=":10" />

== Relationship with Sponges ==
[[File:Dromia dormia, the sleepy sponge crab.jpg|thumb|''D. personata'' supporting a sponge on its back with its four dorsoposterior legs while walking with the other pereiopods.]]
''D. personata'' is known for adhering a sponge to its back.<ref name="Acoz" /> The two organisms have a [[Symbiosis|symbiotic]] relationship where the crab is able to [[camouflage]]<ref name="Acoz" /> while providing the sponge with physical protection from predators, such as fish, [[Turtle|turtles]], and [[Sea slug|sea slugs]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Wulff|first=Janie L.|date=2006-08|title=Sponge Systematics by Starfish: Predators Distinguish Cryptic Sympatric Species of Caribbean Fire Sponges, Tedania ignis and Tedania klausi n. sp. (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida)|url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.2307/4134581|journal=The Biological Bulletin|language=en|volume=211|issue=1|pages=83–94|doi=10.2307/4134581|issn=0006-3185}}</ref> The crab prefers ''[[Halichondria panicea]], Celtodoryx ciocalyptoides'',<ref>{{Cite journal|last=van Moorsel|first=Godfried W. N. M.|last2=Bennema|first2=Floris P.|last3=Nijland|first3=Reindert|date=2017-12|title=First records of the sponge crab Dromia personata (Brachyura) in the Netherlands and its historical findings in the North Sea|url=https://mbr.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s41200-017-0129-7|journal=Marine Biodiversity Records|language=en|volume=10|issue=1|pages=28|doi=10.1186/s41200-017-0129-7|issn=1755-2672}}</ref> and sponges of the ''[[Suberites]]'' genus<ref name=":1" />. Upon obtaining a sponge, either when molding its first sponge or obtaining a new one following a period of molting, the fourth and fifth pairs of pereiopods tear the sponge from its edges until it is a spherical size and shape.<ref name=":8" /> These same legs support the sponge on the crab's back.<ref name="Acoz" /> As it grows, the sponge conforms to mimic the cephalothorax shape.<ref name="Acoz" />

''D. personata'' has exhibited protective behavior for its sponge.<ref name=":8" /> When another organism attempts to eat or steal its sponge, the host crab attacks with its [[Chela (organ)|chelae]].<ref name=":8" /> When concealed within a mass of other sponges, the crab is able to identify the sponge it most recently claimed.<ref name=":8" /> In addition, it surpasses considerable physical challenges, such as lifting rocks, in order to retrieve its sponge.<ref name=":8" />


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 18:56, 16 March 2020

Dromia personata
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Arthropoda
Subphylum:
Crustacea
Class:
Malacostraca
Order:
Decapoda
Infraorder:
Brachyura
Family:
Dromiidae
Genus:
Dromia
Species:
D. personata
Binomial name
Dromia personata
Synonyms [2][3]
  • Cancer personatus Linnaeus, 1758
  • Cancer caputmortuum Linnaeus, 1767
  • Dromia clypeata Schousboe, 1802
  • Dromia vulgaris H. Milne-Edwards, 1837
  • Dromia communis Lucas, 1840
  • Dromia mediterranea Leach, 1875

Dromia personata, also known as the sponge crab or sleepy crab, is a species of crab found in the North Sea, the Mediterranean Sea, and connecting parts of the northeastern Atlantic Ocean.[4] Like most other epibenthic crustaceans, the biomass of this species is especially dense in the Mediterranean continental shelf.[5] It mainly resides from the lower shore to a depth of 50 meters (164 ft), often in caves.[4] Occasionally, they are found living in depths as low as 110 metres (360 ft)[5]. They serve as prey for octopus, starfish, and other fish.[6] Their last two pairs of legs are positioned dorsally,[7] and are used to hold a sponge in place as camouflage.[4]

Reproduction and Development

D. personata is a gonochoric species.[8] Courtship prior to copulation is commonly practiced through visual, olfactory, or tactile means.[8] After a molding period, when the ovigerous female's exoskeleton has not hardened yet, sperm can be is transferred directly from the male's gonopod.[9] Females store eggs in a pleopod and can also house sperm for up to nine months.[9]

During development, the blastula forms three tissue layers: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.[10] The mesoderm tissue produces the coelum, which gives rise to the body cavity and specialized tissues and organs.[10] Fertilized eggs hatch into larvae.[10] These undergo four zoealstages, followed by a megalopal stage, and finally an adult stage.[8] With each molting period between these three phases, the crab gains new appendages while limbs that were formerly established become more specialized.[10]

Morphology

As a member of Arthropoda, D. personata is bilaterally symmetrical.[10] The body is composed of a head, which contains the cephalon, and an elongated trunk, which consists of a thorax and abdomen.[11] From the cephalon, there two pairs of antennae and a mandible placed anteriorly, in addition to two pairs of maxillae positioned laterally.[11] The trunk sprouts five pairs of walking legs, which are segmented medially to laterally: coxa, basis, ischium, merus, carpus, manus, and dactyl.[12] The coxa, basis, ischium are smaller aspects that serve to attach the jointed limb to the crab's body.[12]

The exoskeleton is composed of a chitin cuticle.[10] This is periodically molted when the crab undergoes ecdysis.[10] Following this shedding, other organisms or the crab itself will ingest the former shell to gain its nutrients. Most of D. personata's body is covered in tiny dark brown hairs that result in a smooth or velvet-like appearance.[13] The only exception is its cheliped tips, which are typically white or light pink in color and hairless.[14] These two chelipeds are large, equal in size and shape, and placed ventrally.[14]

Typically, crabs have eight pereiopods that are utilized for swimming: the second, third, fourth, and fifth pairs of legs.[15] However, D. personata only uses its second and third pairs for locomotion.[15] These legs are long and stout.[4] The decrease in legs purposed for movement explains its slow speed and thus the "sleepy crab" nickname.[15] Meanwhile, it utilizes its remaining ambulatory legs, the fourth and fifth pairs, to hold sponges against the hairs of its dorsal cephalothorax.[15] These legs are sort, narrow, flat, and placed dorsally.[4]

Digestion

All decapods have an internal tube that transports food through the mouth, stomach, intestine, and anus.[16] It is divided into three sections: the foregut, midgut, and hindgut.[16][17]

The foregut is split into the cardiac foregut and pyloric foregut.[18] They both contain ossicles, which serve the essential role of mastication.[16] Through evolution, they have either disappeared or combined for various species.[19] The cardiac foregut is defined by its sac-shaped structure, thin walls, prepterocardiac ossicle, and postpterocardiac ossicle.[18] Meanwhile the pyloric foregut is characterized by its plates, lateral mesopyloric ossicle, and posterior uropyloric ossicle.[18]

Previous studies and staining methods were unable to differentiate the calcified structures.[18] However, recent research completed with Alizarin Red S staining has allowed them to be described with correct terminology, and for comparative analyses to be completed between decapod crustacean species to determine their phylogenetic relationships. [18]

Relationship with Sponges

D. personata supporting a sponge on its back with its four dorsoposterior legs while walking with the other pereiopods.

D. personata is known for adhering a sponge to its back.[4] The two organisms have a symbiotic relationship where the crab is able to camouflage[4] while providing the sponge with physical protection from predators, such as fish, turtles, and sea slugs.[20] The crab prefers Halichondria panicea, Celtodoryx ciocalyptoides,[21] and sponges of the Suberites genus[6]. Upon obtaining a sponge, either when molding its first sponge or obtaining a new one following a period of molting, the fourth and fifth pairs of pereiopods tear the sponge from its edges until it is a spherical size and shape.[15] These same legs support the sponge on the crab's back.[4] As it grows, the sponge conforms to mimic the cephalothorax shape.[4]

D. personata has exhibited protective behavior for its sponge.[15] When another organism attempts to eat or steal its sponge, the host crab attacks with its chelae.[15] When concealed within a mass of other sponges, the crab is able to identify the sponge it most recently claimed.[15] In addition, it surpasses considerable physical challenges, such as lifting rocks, in order to retrieve its sponge.[15]

References

  1. ^ "Dromia personata". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
  2. ^ Charles Fransen & Michael Türkay. "Dromia personata (Linnaeus, 1758)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved January 8, 2010.
  3. ^ Peter K. L. Ng, Danièle Guinot & Peter J. F. Davie (2008). "Systema Brachyurorum: Part I. An annotated checklist of extant Brachyuran crabs of the world" (PDF). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 17: 1–286. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-06-06.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i Cédric d'Udekem d'Acoz (February 20, 2003). "Dromia personata (Linnaeus, 1758)". Tromsø Museum. Archived from the original on June 25, 2007. Retrieved January 9, 2010.
  5. ^ a b Abelló, Pere; Carbonell, Aina; Torres, Pedro (2002-06-30). "Biogeography of epibenthic crustaceans on the shelf and upper slope off the Iberian Peninsula Mediterranean coasts: implications for the establishment of natural management areas". Scientia Marina. 66 (S2): 183. doi:10.3989/scimar.2002.66s2183. ISSN 1886-8134.
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  13. ^ Shen, Hong; Braband, Anke; Scholtz, Gerhard (2013-03). "Mitogenomic analysis of decapod crustacean phylogeny corroborates traditional views on their relationships". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 66 (3): 776–789. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2012.11.002. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  14. ^ a b Shen, Hong; Braband, Anke; Scholtz, Gerhard (2013-03). "Mitogenomic analysis of decapod crustacean phylogeny corroborates traditional views on their relationships". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 66 (3): 776–789. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2012.11.002. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  15. ^ a b c d e f g h i Dembowska, W. S. (1926-02). "STUDY ON THE HABITS OF THE CRAB DROMIA VULGARIS M.E". The Biological Bulletin. 50 (2): 163–178. doi:10.2307/1536681. ISSN 0006-3185. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  16. ^ a b c Vogt, Günter (1996-11). "Morphology and physiology of digestive epithelia inDecapod crustaceans". Pflügers Archiv European Journal of Physiology. 431 (S6): R239–R240. doi:10.1007/BF02346357. ISSN 0031-6768. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  17. ^ Vogt, Günter (1996-11). "Morphology and physiology of digestive epithelia inDecapod crustaceans". Pflügers Archiv European Journal of Physiology. 431 (S6): R239–R240. doi:10.1007/BF02346357. ISSN 0031-6768. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  18. ^ a b c d e Brösing, Andreas; Richter, Stefan; Scholtz, Gerhard (2002-06). "The foregut-ossicle system of Dromia wilsoni, Dromia personata and Lauridromia intermedia (Decapoda, Brachyura, Dromiidae), studied with a new staining method". Arthropod Structure & Development. 30 (4): 329–338. doi:10.1016/S1467-8039(02)00009-9. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  19. ^ Vogt, Günter (1996-11). "Morphology and physiology of digestive epithelia inDecapod crustaceans". Pflügers Archiv European Journal of Physiology. 431 (S6): R239–R240. doi:10.1007/BF02346357. ISSN 0031-6768. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  20. ^ Wulff, Janie L. (2006-08). "Sponge Systematics by Starfish: Predators Distinguish Cryptic Sympatric Species of Caribbean Fire Sponges, Tedania ignis and Tedania klausi n. sp. (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida)". The Biological Bulletin. 211 (1): 83–94. doi:10.2307/4134581. ISSN 0006-3185. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  21. ^ van Moorsel, Godfried W. N. M.; Bennema, Floris P.; Nijland, Reindert (2017-12). "First records of the sponge crab Dromia personata (Brachyura) in the Netherlands and its historical findings in the North Sea". Marine Biodiversity Records. 10 (1): 28. doi:10.1186/s41200-017-0129-7. ISSN 1755-2672. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

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