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=== Food/Nutrition ===
=== Food/Nutrition ===
''M.odorata'' is a fruit which can be consumed.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Knight|first=Robert J.|last2=Schnell|first2=Raymond J.|date=1994|title=Mango Introduction in Florida and the 'Haden' Cultivar's Significance to the Modern Industry|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/4255600|journal=Economic Botany|volume=48|issue=2|pages=139–145|issn=0013-0001}}</ref> While it can be consumed in its raw form, the fruit is usually made or incorporated into something else such as chutneys.<ref name=":1" /> ''M. odorata'' fruit pulp is also a good source of nutrition.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last=Gámez|first=Ignacio Barbosa|last2=Montoya|first2=Karla P. Caballero|last3=Ledesma|first3=Noris|last4=Ayerdi|first4=Sonia G. Sáyago|last5=Magaña|first5=María de Lourdes García|last6=Wettberg|first6=Eric J. Bishop von|last7=Montalvo‐González|first7=Efigenia|date=2017|title=Changes in the nutritional quality of five Mangifera species harvested at two maturity stages|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jsfa.8377|journal=Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture|language=en|volume=97|issue=14|pages=4987–4994|doi=10.1002/jsfa.8377|issn=1097-0010}}</ref> When ''M.odorata'' has not reached maturity, its pulp is a good source for "dietary fibre, vitamin C, vitamin E".<ref name=":3" /> The mature pulp is good to eat because of "protein, ash, fat, soluble carbohydrate and B vitamin".<ref name=":3" />
''M.odorata'' is a fruit which can be consumed.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Knight|first=Robert J.|last2=Schnell|first2=Raymond J.|date=1994|title=Mango Introduction in Florida and the 'Haden' Cultivar's Significance to the Modern Industry|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/4255600|journal=Economic Botany|volume=48|issue=2|pages=139–145|issn=0013-0001}}</ref> While it can be consumed in its raw form, the fruit is usually made or incorporated into something else such as [[Chutney|chutneys]].<ref name=":1" /> ''M. odorata'' fruit pulp is also a good source of nutrition.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last=Gámez|first=Ignacio Barbosa|last2=Montoya|first2=Karla P. Caballero|last3=Ledesma|first3=Noris|last4=Ayerdi|first4=Sonia G. Sáyago|last5=Magaña|first5=María de Lourdes García|last6=Wettberg|first6=Eric J. Bishop von|last7=Montalvo‐González|first7=Efigenia|date=2017|title=Changes in the nutritional quality of five Mangifera species harvested at two maturity stages|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jsfa.8377|journal=Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture|language=en|volume=97|issue=14|pages=4987–4994|doi=10.1002/jsfa.8377|issn=1097-0010}}</ref> When ''M.odorata'' has not reached maturity, its pulp is a good source for "dietary fibre, vitamin C, vitamin E".<ref name=":3" /> The mature pulp is good to eat because of "protein, ash, fat, soluble carbohydrate and B vitamin".<ref name=":3" /> The fruit's seed kernel is "rich in fat, protein, carbohydrate, and ash".<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|last=Lasano|first=Nur Fatimah|last2=Hamid|first2=Azizah Haji|last3=Karim|first3=Roselina|last4=Dek|first4=Mohd Sabri Pak|last5=Shukri|first5=Radhiah|last6=Shazini Ramli|first6=Nurul|date=2019|title=Nutritional Composition, Anti-Diabetic Properties and Identification of Active Compounds Using UHPLC-ESI-Orbitrap-MS/MS in Mangifera odorata L. Peel and Seed Kernel|url=http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/2/320|journal=Molecules|language=en|volume=24|issue=2|pages=1-16|doi=10.3390/molecules24020320|issn=1420-3049|pmc=PMC6359265|pmid=30654598|via=}}</ref> The peel or skin is a great source of "fibre, minerals, β-Carotene and ascorbic acid".<ref name=":4" />



Revision as of 21:37, 11 April 2020

Mangifera odorata
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Sapindales
Family: Anacardiaceae
Genus: Mangifera
Species:
M. odorata
Binomial name
Mangifera odorata

Mangifera odorata (commonly known as kwini,[3] kweni, kuweni, kuwini, or Saipan mango[2]) is a species of plant in the family Anacardiaceae [1]. It is commonly found along coastal towns or travel routes in Southeast Asia.[4] "Also found in Peninsular Thailand, South Sulawesi and in Phillippines on South coast of Mindanao, in Sulu Archipelago and neighboring islands".[4] "It is a well known fruit tree commonly cultivated in villages throughout Southeast Asia".[5]

M. odorata has a skin that is yellow to green in color.[4] The flesh of the fruit has an orange to yellow color and is sour or sweet when eaten.[4] The fruits are round in shape and have a smooth skin that range from yellow-green.[4][6] The flesh of the fruit has an orange to yellow color and is sour or sweet when eaten.[4] The tree flowers have a pleasant fragrance[4]. The fruits are round in shape and have a skin that range from yellow-green.[4]

Description

Mangifera odorata, fruiting tree (Djatmiko, 2007)[7]

Morphology

Mangifera odorata is a fruit plant that grows approximately 10-15 m in height, hardly ever growing past 20 m[4]. The crown of three has a wide round shape[4]. The main stem or in other words trunk stands in an upright straight position that appears to have a grayish color "containing and irritant sap".[4] Leaf morphology is "oblong-lance shaped" that has a "non-wavy edge".[4] Veins are also on the leaf and are most noticeable on the lower surface.[4]

The plant has flowers are approximately 6 mm wide, emit a pleasant scent as well as appear to be yellowish-green in color.[4] The rachis has a reddish-brown color.[4] Petals have are lance-shaped and at the base have a yellowish color.[4] The apex or tip of the petal is pale pink in color.[4] The sepals which appear to be brown-red or partly green in color look oval shaped and are roughly 3-4mm long.[4] Within the flower, there is 1 fertile stamen that serve in reproduction and is about 5 mm in length.[4] The staminodes which are approximately 1.5-2 mm long.[4] Another reproductive organ called the ovary is morphologically round in shape, yellowish to dark red and about 3-5 mm in length.[4]

Mangifera odorata from Bogor, West Java, Indonesia (Djatmiko, 2008)[8]

The fruit of Mangifera odorata has a yellow to green skin color externally.[4] The flesh internally is orange to yellow and is sourish to sweet when consumed.[4] The seed inside is both flat in shape with a hairy/fibrous surface.[4] The pollen is "elliptic and tapering towards poles"[6]

Origin and Distribution

Mangifera odorata exact origins are unknown.[4] However, the species represents a hybrid between Mangifera indica also known as the Indian mango and Mangifera foetida which is also known as the horse mango.[4][5] M.odorata is native to tropical Asia and can be found in areas such as Philippines, Peninsular Thailand, South Sulawesi, Sulu Archipelago and other close islands".[4] "In Southeast Asia it is an introduced species".[5]

Habitat

Mangifera odorata are thrive to grow in tropical wet climates which have both heavy and moderate rainfall.[4] However, they are unable to survive and grow in places that are continuous dry climates.[4] M. odorata is common in cultivation but is not normally grown in the wild.[4]

Pests

Mangifera odorata is known to be a major host of Bactrocera dorsalis, Ciripestis eutraphera, Coptotermes, Coptotermes cuvignathus, Cryptorhynchus frigidus, Deanolis albizonalis, Marasmiellus scandens and Marasmius crinis-equi.[9]

Uses

Food/Nutrition

M.odorata is a fruit which can be consumed.[10] While it can be consumed in its raw form, the fruit is usually made or incorporated into something else such as chutneys.[5] M. odorata fruit pulp is also a good source of nutrition.[11] When M.odorata has not reached maturity, its pulp is a good source for "dietary fibre, vitamin C, vitamin E".[11] The mature pulp is good to eat because of "protein, ash, fat, soluble carbohydrate and B vitamin".[11] The fruit's seed kernel is "rich in fat, protein, carbohydrate, and ash".[12] The peel or skin is a great source of "fibre, minerals, β-Carotene and ascorbic acid".[12]




Reference

  1. ^ a b "Mangifera odorata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1998: e.T31401A9630399. 1998. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T31401A9630399.en.
  2. ^ a b "Mangifera odorata". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 27 May 2017.
  3. ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Mangifera odorata". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 27 May 2017.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad Bompard, JM (1991). Mangifera odorata Griffith. Wagenigen, Netherlands: Verheij EWM, Coronel RE, editors. pp. 218–220.
  5. ^ a b c d Teo, L. L.; Kiew, R.; Set, O.; Lee, S. K.; Gan, Y. Y. (2002). "Hybrid status of kuwini, Mangifera odorata Griff. (Anacardiaceae) verified by amplified fragment length polymorphism". Molecular Ecology. 11 (8): 1465–1469. doi:10.1046/j.1365-294X.2002.01550.x. ISSN 0962-1083.
  6. ^ a b Sankaran, M.; Dinesh, M. R.; Chaitra, N.; Ravishankar, K. V. (2018). "Morphological, Cytological, Palynological and Molecular Characterization of Certain Mangifera Species" (PDF). Current Science. 115 (7): 1379. doi:10.18520/cs/v115/i7/1379-1386. ISSN 0011-3891.
  7. ^ Djatmiko, W. A. (2007-12-28), Mangifera odorata, fruiting tree. Pandeglang, Banten (west Java), Indonesia, retrieved 2020-04-10
  8. ^ Djatmiko, W. A. (2008-01-30), Mangifera odorata from Bogor, West Java, Indonesia, retrieved 2020-04-10
  9. ^ "Mangifera odorata (kurwini mango)". 2020. Retrieved April 4, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  10. ^ Knight, Robert J.; Schnell, Raymond J. (1994). "Mango Introduction in Florida and the 'Haden' Cultivar's Significance to the Modern Industry". Economic Botany. 48 (2): 139–145. ISSN 0013-0001.
  11. ^ a b c Gámez, Ignacio Barbosa; Montoya, Karla P. Caballero; Ledesma, Noris; Ayerdi, Sonia G. Sáyago; Magaña, María de Lourdes García; Wettberg, Eric J. Bishop von; Montalvo‐González, Efigenia (2017). "Changes in the nutritional quality of five Mangifera species harvested at two maturity stages". Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 97 (14): 4987–4994. doi:10.1002/jsfa.8377. ISSN 1097-0010.
  12. ^ a b Lasano, Nur Fatimah; Hamid, Azizah Haji; Karim, Roselina; Dek, Mohd Sabri Pak; Shukri, Radhiah; Shazini Ramli, Nurul (2019). "Nutritional Composition, Anti-Diabetic Properties and Identification of Active Compounds Using UHPLC-ESI-Orbitrap-MS/MS in Mangifera odorata L. Peel and Seed Kernel". Molecules. 24 (2): 1–16. doi:10.3390/molecules24020320. ISSN 1420-3049. PMC 6359265. PMID 30654598.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

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