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Cryptostigmata
Cryptostigmata
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'''Oribatida''' (formerly Cryptostigmata), also known as '''moss mites''' or '''beetle mites''',<ref name="Hoy">{{cite book |editor=John L. Capinera |year=2008 |title=Encyclopedia of Entomology, Volume 1 |edition=2nd |publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]] |isbn=978-1-4020-6242-1 |chapter=Soil mites |author=Marjorie A. Hoy |pages=3463–3466 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i9ITMiiohVQC&pg=PA3464|author-link=Marjorie A. Hoy }}</ref> are an [[order (biology)|order]] of [[mite]]s, in the "chewing [[Acariformes]]" [[clade]] [[Sarcoptiformes]]. They range in size from {{convert|0.2|to|1.4|mm|3}}.<ref name="Hoy"/>
'''Oribatida''' (formerly Cryptostigmata), also known as '''oribatid mites''', '''moss mites''' or '''beetle mites''',<ref name="Hoy">{{cite book |editor=John L. Capinera |year=2008 |title=Encyclopedia of Entomology, Volume 1 |edition=2nd |publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]] |isbn=978-1-4020-6242-1 |chapter=Soil mites |author=Marjorie A. Hoy |pages=3463–3466 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i9ITMiiohVQC&pg=PA3464|author-link=Marjorie A. Hoy }}</ref> are an [[order (biology)|order]] of [[mite]]s, in the "chewing [[Acariformes]]" [[clade]] [[Sarcoptiformes]]. They range in size from {{convert|0.2|to|1.4|mm|3}}.<ref name="Hoy"/> There are currently 12,000 species that have been identified, but researchers estimate that there may anywhere from 60,000 to 120,000 total species.<ref>{{Citation|last=Schatz|first=Heinrich|title=Global diversity of oribatids (Oribatida: Acari: Arachnida)|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8259-7_35|work=Developments in Hydrobiology|pages=323–328|place=Dordrecht|publisher=Springer Netherlands|isbn=978-1-4020-8258-0|access-date=2020-12-01|last2=Behan-Pelletier|first2=Valerie}}</ref> Oribatid mites are by far the most prevalent of all arthropods in forest soils, and are essential for breaking down organic detritus and distributing fungi.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Subías|first=Luis S.|date=2004-12-31|title=Listado sistemático, sinonímico y biogeográfico de los ácaros oribátidos (Acariformes, Oribatida) del mundo (1758-2002)|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/graellsia.2004.v60.iextra.218|journal=Graellsia|volume=60|issue=Extra|pages=3–305|doi=10.3989/graellsia.2004.v60.iextra.218|issn=1989-953X}}</ref>


Oribatid mites generally have low [[Metabolism|metabolic]] rates, slow development and low fecundity.<ref name="Hoy"/> Species are [[Semelparity and iteroparity|iteroparous]] with adults living a relatively long time; for example, estimates of development time from [[Egg (biology)|egg]] to adult vary from several months to two years in [[temperate forest]] soils.<ref name="Hoy"/> Oribatid mites have six active [[instar]]s: prelarva, [[larva]], three [[nymph (biology)|nymphal]] instars and the adult.<ref name="Hoy"/> All these stages after the prelarva feed on a wide variety of material including living and dead [[plant]] and [[fungus|fungal]] material, [[lichen]]s and [[carrion]]; some are [[predator]]y, but none is [[parasitism|parasitic]] and feeding habits may differ between immatures and adults of the same species. Many species have a mineralized exoskeleton.<ref>[https://books.google.no/books?id=kRHHBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA41&lpg=PA41&dq=enarthronotides+mineralized&source=bl&ots=0GlNfu-P8g&sig=T6IZa6hIFenlfcjEgJ7TavQkUec&hl=no&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiA_ebrl-_aAhVjJJoKHUI3AWkQ6AEwAHoECAAQLw#v=onepage&q=enarthronotides%20mineralized&f=false Mites: Ecology, Evolution & Behaviour: Life at a Microscale]</ref><ref>[http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/z91-210?journalCode=cjz#.Wu32pmcUmcw Calcium carbonate and calcium oxalate as cuticular hardening agents in oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida)]</ref>
Oribatid mites generally have low [[Metabolism|metabolic]] rates, slow development and low fecundity.<ref name="Hoy"/> Species are [[Semelparity and iteroparity|iteroparous]] with adults living a relatively long time; for example, estimates of development time from [[Egg (biology)|egg]] to adult vary from several months to two years in [[temperate forest]] soils.<ref name="Hoy"/> Oribatid mites have six active [[instar]]s: prelarva, [[larva]], three [[nymph (biology)|nymphal]] instars and the adult.<ref name="Hoy"/> All these stages after the prelarva feed on a wide variety of material including living and dead [[plant]] and [[fungus|fungal]] material, [[lichen]]s and [[carrion]]; some are [[predator]]y, but none is [[parasitism|parasitic]] and feeding habits may differ between immatures and adults of the same species. Many species have a mineralized exoskeleton.<ref>[https://books.google.no/books?id=kRHHBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA41&lpg=PA41&dq=enarthronotides+mineralized&source=bl&ots=0GlNfu-P8g&sig=T6IZa6hIFenlfcjEgJ7TavQkUec&hl=no&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiA_ebrl-_aAhVjJJoKHUI3AWkQ6AEwAHoECAAQLw#v=onepage&q=enarthronotides%20mineralized&f=false Mites: Ecology, Evolution & Behaviour: Life at a Microscale]</ref><ref>[http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/z91-210?journalCode=cjz#.Wu32pmcUmcw Calcium carbonate and calcium oxalate as cuticular hardening agents in oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida)]</ref>


The Oribatida are of economic importance as hosts of various [[tapeworm]] species, and by increasing the breakdown of organic material in the soil, in a similar manner to [[earthworm]]s.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Edward W. Baker |author2=G. W. Wharton |name-list-style=amp |year=1952 |title=An Introduction to Acarology |location=New York |publisher=[[Macmillan Publishers (United States)|Macmillan]] |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontoac00bake |chapter=Oribatei Dugès, 1833 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/introductiontoac00bake/page/387 387]–438}}</ref>
The Oribatida are of economic importance as hosts of various [[tapeworm]] species, and by increasing the breakdown of organic material in the soil, in a similar manner to [[earthworm]]s.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Edward W. Baker |author2=G. W. Wharton |name-list-style=amp |year=1952 |title=An Introduction to Acarology |location=New York |publisher=[[Macmillan Publishers (United States)|Macmillan]] |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontoac00bake |chapter=Oribatei Dugès, 1833 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/introductiontoac00bake/page/387 387]–438}}</ref>

Many species of oribatid mites require incredibly specific habitats, resulting in large diversity within the order due to the many niches they evolve to. Some species are especially suited to dry conditions, or on bare lichen covered rocks, but that largest section of Oribatida prefers the moist forest floor and its accompanying litter. There are a small number of species who have evolved to live on aquatic plants, often spending the majority of their life submersed underwater.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=SCHATZ|first=HEINRICH|date=2020-05-27|title=<p><strong>Catalogue of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) from Vorarlberg (Austria)</strong></p>|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4783.1.1|journal=Zootaxa|volume=4783|issue=1|pages=1–106|doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4783.1.1|issn=1175-5334}}</ref>


[[E. O. Wilson]] has identified them as among the "groups of organisms that desperately need experts to work on them."<ref>{{Cite web|last=Tyson|first=Charlie|date=May 7, 2019|title=A Legendary Scientist Sounds Off on the Trouble With STEM|url=https://www.chronicle.com/article/A-Legendary-Scientist-Sounds/246257|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-06-12|website=The Chronicle of Higher Education}}</ref>
[[E. O. Wilson]] has identified them as among the "groups of organisms that desperately need experts to work on them."<ref>{{Cite web|last=Tyson|first=Charlie|date=May 7, 2019|title=A Legendary Scientist Sounds Off on the Trouble With STEM|url=https://www.chronicle.com/article/A-Legendary-Scientist-Sounds/246257|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-06-12|website=The Chronicle of Higher Education}}</ref>

Revision as of 04:34, 1 December 2020

Oribatida
Temporal range: Devonian–present
Unidentified mite (Phthiracaridae)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Arthropoda
Subphylum:
Chelicerata
Class:
Arachnida
Subclass:
Acari
Superorder:
Acariformes
Order:
Oribatida

Dugès, 1833
Suborders
Diversity
c. 200 families, 1,200 genera, 6,600 species
Synonyms

Cryptostigmata

Oribatida (formerly Cryptostigmata), also known as oribatid mites, moss mites or beetle mites,[1] are an order of mites, in the "chewing Acariformes" clade Sarcoptiformes. They range in size from 0.2 to 1.4 millimetres (0.008 to 0.055 in).[1] There are currently 12,000 species that have been identified, but researchers estimate that there may anywhere from 60,000 to 120,000 total species.[2] Oribatid mites are by far the most prevalent of all arthropods in forest soils, and are essential for breaking down organic detritus and distributing fungi.[3]

Oribatid mites generally have low metabolic rates, slow development and low fecundity.[1] Species are iteroparous with adults living a relatively long time; for example, estimates of development time from egg to adult vary from several months to two years in temperate forest soils.[1] Oribatid mites have six active instars: prelarva, larva, three nymphal instars and the adult.[1] All these stages after the prelarva feed on a wide variety of material including living and dead plant and fungal material, lichens and carrion; some are predatory, but none is parasitic and feeding habits may differ between immatures and adults of the same species. Many species have a mineralized exoskeleton.[4][5]

The Oribatida are of economic importance as hosts of various tapeworm species, and by increasing the breakdown of organic material in the soil, in a similar manner to earthworms.[6]

Many species of oribatid mites require incredibly specific habitats, resulting in large diversity within the order due to the many niches they evolve to. Some species are especially suited to dry conditions, or on bare lichen covered rocks, but that largest section of Oribatida prefers the moist forest floor and its accompanying litter. There are a small number of species who have evolved to live on aquatic plants, often spending the majority of their life submersed underwater.[7]

E. O. Wilson has identified them as among the "groups of organisms that desperately need experts to work on them."[8]

Systematics

The order Oribatida is divided into the following taxa:[9]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Marjorie A. Hoy (2008). "Soil mites". In John L. Capinera (ed.). Encyclopedia of Entomology, Volume 1 (2nd ed.). Springer. pp. 3463–3466. ISBN 978-1-4020-6242-1.
  2. ^ Schatz, Heinrich; Behan-Pelletier, Valerie, "Global diversity of oribatids (Oribatida: Acari: Arachnida)", Developments in Hydrobiology, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, pp. 323–328, ISBN 978-1-4020-8258-0, retrieved 2020-12-01
  3. ^ Subías, Luis S. (2004-12-31). "Listado sistemático, sinonímico y biogeográfico de los ácaros oribátidos (Acariformes, Oribatida) del mundo (1758-2002)". Graellsia. 60 (Extra): 3–305. doi:10.3989/graellsia.2004.v60.iextra.218. ISSN 1989-953X.
  4. ^ Mites: Ecology, Evolution & Behaviour: Life at a Microscale
  5. ^ Calcium carbonate and calcium oxalate as cuticular hardening agents in oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida)
  6. ^ Edward W. Baker & G. W. Wharton (1952). "Oribatei Dugès, 1833". An Introduction to Acarology. New York: Macmillan. pp. 387–438.
  7. ^ SCHATZ, HEINRICH (2020-05-27). "

    Catalogue of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) from Vorarlberg (Austria)

    "    . Zootaxa. 4783 (1): 1–106. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4783.1.1. ISSN 1175-5334.
  8. ^ Tyson, Charlie (May 7, 2019). "A Legendary Scientist Sounds Off on the Trouble With STEM". The Chronicle of Higher Education. Retrieved 2020-06-12.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  9. ^ Luis S. Subías (2007). "Listado sistemático, sinonímico y biogeográfico de los ácaros oribátidos (Acariformes: Oribatida) del mundo (Excepto fósiles)" [Systematic and biogeographic list, with synonymies, of the oribatid mites (Acariformes: Oribatida) of the world (excluding fossils)] (PDF) (in Spanish). Archived from the original (PDF) on July 6, 2012. Retrieved January 5, 2008.

Further reading

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