Type site: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|Archaeological site that |
{{short description|Archaeological site that defines a culture}} |
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{{about|an archaeological type site|a geological type site| |
{{about|an archaeological type site|a geological type site|type locality (geology)}} |
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{{unreferenced|date=April 2008}} |
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[[Image:Celts 800-400BC.PNG|thumb|Archaeological map of distribution of the [[Celt]]ic Hallstatt [[culture]] c. 800–400 BCE.]] |
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[[Image:Magdalenenberg collier.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Hallstatt [[Amber]] Choker [[necklace]].]] |
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[[Image:Hallstatt culture swords ramsauer.jpg|thumb|right|150px|19th century illustration of Hallstatt swords.]] |
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In [[archaeology]], a '''type site''' is the [[archaeological site|site]] used to define a particular [[archaeological culture]] or other [[Typology (archaeology)|typological unit]], which is often named after it.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199534043.001.0001/acref-9780199534043-e-4397|title=type-site|encyclopedia=The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology|last=Darvill|first=Timothy|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2009|isbn=9780191727139|location=Oxford|doi=10.1093/acref/9780199534043.001.0001|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|title=type site|encyclopedia=Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology|page=580|last=Kipfer|first=Barbara Ann|publisher=Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers|year=2000|location=New York, NY|isbn=978-0-306-46158-3}}</ref> For example, discoveries at [[La Tène (archaeological site)|La Tène]] and [[Hallstatt]] led scholars to divide the [[Iron Age Europe|European Iron Age]] into the [[La Tène culture]] and [[Hallstatt culture]], named after their respective type sites.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Kaeser|first=Marc-Antoine|url=https://www.academia.edu/39018189|title=La Tène, ou la construction d'un site éponyme|publisher=Drémil-Lafage: Editions Mergoil|year=2019|isbn=9782355180927|location=|pages=|language=fr|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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In [[archaeology]] a '''type site''' (also known as a '''type-site''' or '''typesite''') is a [[archaeological site|site]] that is considered the model of a particular [[archaeological culture]]. For example, the type site of the [[Pre-Pottery Neolithic A]] culture is [[Jericho]], in the [[West Bank]]. A type site is also often the [[eponym]] (the site after which the culture is named). For example, the type site of the pre-Celtic/[[Celt]]ic [[Bronze Age]] [[Hallstatt culture]] is the lakeside village of [[Hallstatt]], [[Austria]]. |
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The concept is similar to [[type locality (geology)|type localities]] in [[geology]] and [[type specimen]]s in [[biology]]. |
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In [[geology]] the term is used similarly for a site considered to be typical of a particular rock formation etc. |
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A type site contains [[artifact (archaeology)|artifacts]], in an [[Assemblage (archaeology)|assemblage]], that are typical of that culture. Type sites are often the first or foundational site discovered about the culture they represent. The use of this term is therefore similar to that of the ''specimen type'' in [[biology]] (see [[biological type]]s) or ''locus typicus'' ([[type locality (geology)|type locality]]) in [[geology]]. |
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==Notable type sites== |
==Notable type sites== |
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*[[Sanage cluster of kilns]]—Kilns of [[Green Glazed Ware]][[w:ja:緑釉陶器]] and [[Ash Glazed Ware]][[w:ja:灰釉陶器]] ([[Nara period|Nara]] and [[Heian period|Heian]] period, [[Aichi Prefecture]], Japan) |
*[[Sanage cluster of kilns]]—Kilns of [[Green Glazed Ware]][[w:ja:緑釉陶器]] and [[Ash Glazed Ware]][[w:ja:灰釉陶器]] ([[Nara period|Nara]] and [[Heian period|Heian]] period, [[Aichi Prefecture]], Japan) |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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[[Category:Archaeological type sites| ]] |
[[Category:Archaeological type sites| ]] |
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Revision as of 09:43, 14 December 2020
In archaeology, a type site is the site used to define a particular archaeological culture or other typological unit, which is often named after it.[1][2] For example, discoveries at La Tène and Hallstatt led scholars to divide the European Iron Age into the La Tène culture and Hallstatt culture, named after their respective type sites.[3]
The concept is similar to type localities in geology and type specimens in biology.
Notable type sites
Europe
- a river terrace of the River Somme (Abbeville, France), of the Abbevillian culture
- Aurignac (Haute Garonne, France), of the Aurignacian culture
- Hallstatt (Salzkammergut, Austria), of the Hallstatt culture
- La Tène, Neuchâtel, Switzerland, of the La Tène culture
- Vinča, Belgrade, Serbia, of the Vinča culture
- Abri de la Madeleine (Dordogne, France), of the Magdalenian culture
- Le Moustier (Dordogne, France), of the Mousterian culture
- Saint Acheul (near Amiens, France), of the Acheulean culture
- Butmir (near Sarajevo, Bosnia-Herzegovina), of the Butmir culture
Near East
- Tell Halaf, Syria, for the Halaf culture
- Tell Hassuna, Iraq, for the Hassuna culture
- Jemdet Nasr, Iraq, for the Jemdet Nasr period
- Tell al-'Ubaid, Iraq, for the Ubaid period
- Uruk, Iraq, for the Uruk period
Mesoamerica
- Uaxactun (Maya civilization, Dept.of Peten, Guatemala)
- Dzibilchaltun (Maya civilization, northern Yucatan, Mexico)
- Monte Alban (Zapotec civilization, Oaxaca, Mexico)
North America
- Folsom, New Mexico (Folsom Tradition), United States
- Clovis, New Mexico (Clovis culture), United States: generally accepted as the type site for one of the earliest human cultures in the North America
- La Plata County, Colorado (Basketmaker II period of the Anasazi culture), United States
- Barton Gulch of the Blackwater Draw Paleo-Indian culture
- Adena Mound (Adena culture), United States
- Borax Lake Site, for two of the earliest cultural traditions in California: the Post Pattern and Borax Lake Pattern.
Oceania
- New Caledonia, of the Lapita culture.
Southern Asia
- Kot Diji (pre-Harappanian civilization, Pakistan)
- Harappa (Indus civilization, Punjab, northeast Pakistan)
East Asia
- Banpo (Yangshao culture, Neolithic Yangshao culture, China)
- Liangzhu Town, near Hangzhou (Liangzhu culture, Neolithic, China)
- Songguk-ri (Middle Mumun culture, southern Korea)
- Suemura cluster of kilns--Kilns of Sue warew:ja:須恵器(Middle and Late Kofun period, Osaka, Japan)
- Sanage cluster of kilns—Kilns of Green Glazed Warew:ja:緑釉陶器 and Ash Glazed Warew:ja:灰釉陶器 (Nara and Heian period, Aichi Prefecture, Japan)
References
- ^ Darvill, Timothy (2009). "type-site". The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780199534043.001.0001. ISBN 9780191727139.
- ^ Kipfer, Barbara Ann (2000). "type site". Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology. New York, NY: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers. p. 580. ISBN 978-0-306-46158-3.
- ^ Kaeser, Marc-Antoine (2019). La Tène, ou la construction d'un site éponyme (in French). Drémil-Lafage: Editions Mergoil. ISBN 9782355180927.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)