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2CA
Broadcast areaCanberra RA1 ([1])
Frequency
Programming
Language(s)English
FormatClassic hits, oldies
Ownership
Owner
2CC
History
First air date
14 November 1931 (1931-11-14)[1]
Former frequencies
1050 kHz (1931-1978)
Call sign meaning
2 - NSW

C - Canberra

A - CanberrA
Technical information
Power5,000 watts
Transmitter coordinates
35°13′12″S 149°8′56″E / 35.22000°S 149.14889°E / -35.22000; 149.14889
Links
Webcast[2]
Websitewww.2ca.com.au

2CA is an Australian commercial radio station on the AM band serving Canberra. It is jointly owned by the Capital Radio Network and Grant Broadcasters. The station broadcasts on AM Stereo 1053 kHz and on DAB.

2CA was Canberra's first radio station, commencing in 1931 on 1050 kHz, changing to 1053 in 1978. 2CA is and Oldies music station targets an audience aged 55+.

History

1930s

Albert John "Jack" Ryan was an AIF veteran and former signaller during the first World War. In the late 1920s "Jack" relocated to Canberra, setting up an electrical repair shop in the Canberra suburb of Kingston.[2] He was soon operating an experimental wireless telegraphy station (Callsign: VK2LE) communicating with other such stations throughout Australia and the Pacific. In early 1930 he upgraded his equipment to wireless telephony and began broadcasting experimental programs to the Nation's Capital and immediate environs. The programmes were well received by Canberra listeners and after approaching the Postmaster-General's Department, Jack was granted Canberra's first (and for many years, only) commercial broadcasting licence.

Note from Jack Ryan to Max Howden early 1930 thanking him for publicity for his new experimental broadcasting service

2CA began broadcasting with just a small 50 watt transmitter from the back of Jack's shop. The station was officially opened on 14 November 1931 by PE Dean CMG, Secretary Department of Home Affairs.[3] In February 1932 Jack hired his first 'broadcasting cadet', a 17 year old from Taree by the name of George Kenneth Barlin. George would later go on to become Canberra's father of television.[4]

By 1933 2CA had increased its transmitter to 500 watts and moved to a small purpose built studio on a low hill close to the Queanbeyan - Canberra road (near what is now the intersection of Hindmarsh Drive and Canberra Avenue). The hill quickly became known as "Radio Hill".

In February 1937, Jack attended a peak conference of commercial radio stations, hosted by Mr A.E. Bennett, managing director of 2GB. The conference aimed to establish a radio network for nationwide broadcasting.[5] Later that year, Jack sold 2CA to Denison Estates, owners of 2GB, and the station began to operate under the name of Canberra Broadcasters Ltd as part of the Macquarie Network.[6]

The new owners wasted no time in constructing a new home for 2CA. By November 1937, the station had moved from its somewhat makeshift studios at Radio Hill to temporary studios at Civic, while the new permanent 2CA building was under construction.[7]

On 18 December 1937, Prime Minister Joseph Lyons laid the foundation stone of the studio building at 4 Mort Street, Canberra City, next to the Civic Theatre.[8] The two-storey complex would comprise a large studio with a 49 ft. x 27 ft. stage, two small studios, common control room, copy room, workshops and record room. The first floor included two flats for company staff.[7]

2CA's new home opened on 3 June 1938, officiated by the Prime Minister, with a party at the Hotel Canberra (now Hyatt). Seventy-five guests travelled from Sydney for the event, which included an edition of the "Tummy Club" show broadcast from the railway station.[9] The transmitter power was increased again from 500 watts to 2,000 watts and moved to Gungahlin.[10]

2CA radio studio building circa 1938
The purpose built 2CA studio and administration building, shortly after opening in June 1938. The newly planted seedlings are evident in the foreground.
2CA radio auditorium 1938
2CA's new auditorium in June 1938

In July 1938 Sir Hugh Denison announced a further expansion and reorganisation Macquarie Broadcasting Service with a capital of A£250,000. Affiliated stations in the new network were 2CA Canberra; 2GB and 2UE Sydney; 2WL South Coast; 2HR Hunter River; 3AW Melbourne; 3HA Hamilton; 3TR Sale; 3SH Swan Hill; 4BH Brisbane; 5DN Adelaide; 5RM Renmark; 6PR Perth; 6KG Kalgoorlie.

By October 1938 competition was on the way, in the form of Canberra's second radio station 2CY (now ABC Radio National). With the mast nearing completion, the station was due to be on air before Christmas.[11] 2CA wasn't going to take this lying down and began to significantly expand its broadcasting hours. At that time, 2CA was broadcasting daily from 7am to 10.30pm, but would regularly take off-air breaks mid-morning (around 9am-10.30am) and early afternoon (12.30-3.30pm).[12] However, on Thursday 6 October 1938, 2CA said 'goodnight everybody' for what had planned to be the last time.[13]

On the evening of Friday 7 October, in an extraordinary demonstration of early radio networking, 2CA commenced its first overnight radio service. Making use of time-zone variations, 2CA began to simulcast radio from South Australia from 11.30pm-12.30am (11pm-12pm SA time), then over to Western Australia from 12.30am-3.30am (9.30pm-12.30am WA time), picking up New Zealand radio from 3.30am-5am (5.30am-7am NZ time).[14] It is probable 2CA took a feed from fellow Macquarie radio stations 5DN in Adelaide and 6PR in Perth. The next day, the station had closed gaps in its local daytime schedule, delivering Canberra's first 24-hour broadcasting station - only the second radio station in Australia to do so.[15] However, it would be relatively short-lived, with the outbreak of WW2 less than 12-months away.

Canberra's second radio station, ABC's 2CY, was officially opened by Prime Minister Lyons at 7.50pm on Friday 23 December 1938. The station would be of limited competition to 2CA, being a relay of 2FC and 2BL Sydney (2CY would switch between the two). The only local program to commence on 2CY at that time was five minutes of Canberra Times News to be broadcast from 7.55am-8.00am Monday to Saturday.[16]

With the outbreak or World War II looming, new legislation came into effect in August 1939, effectively censoring radio stations to safeguard national security.[17] August 5 was the last publication of 2CA's program schedule in The Canberra Times for over a year.[18][19]

1940s

By 1940 wartime 2CA was broadcasting 6.30am-11.30pm daily and for the first time was taking out display advertising to promote programs in its schedule. Daytime programs were deliberately female skewed, describe by the station as "Mainly for women", while evening melody programs were designed to "Relax".[20][21] A 15 minute War Diary was broadcast each evening at 10.15, following the BBC News at 9.30pm.[22]

In 1946, with the war over, 2CA was eager to put forth its image of leading commercial radio station, with a comprehensive program schedule. The post-war line up was advertised in the 1946/47 Radio Listeners' Annual as Phil Desmond (Top of the Pops, Who, Crosby Croons); Len Major (Breakfast and Saturday Dance); Reg Adams (Newsreader and Afternoons); Bruce Stokes (Luncheon and Friday Swin); Graham Connolly (Evenings) and Rex Morrisby (Sunday Listener Arranged Programmes). Optimistically, the station advised they anticipated 'shortly' returning to 24-hour broadcasting. In fact it would be 21 years until that would occur.

1950s

In June 1950, 2CA manager George Barlin (later to be a founder of Canberra's first television station CTC-7) announced plans for a modern radio station and studio, with provision for a theatrette and television facilities. The new building was to comprise three studios, capable of handling four broadcasts simultaneously, equipped with disc-recording and tape recording equipment.[23] The station would not move to its new premises at 64 Northbourne Avenue until 1954.[24]

Canberra's third radio station, ABC's 2CN, commenced broadcasting on Wednesday 21 January 1953 at 7.45pm, with a live broadcast from the Albert Hall. Sharing studios and transmitter sites with 2CY, the new station would further reduce 2CA's audience share.[25]

On Thursday 3 January 1957 another new rival came to town, with the opening of Canberra's first drive-in cinema, Starlight, in Watson. The cinema was met with much local fanfare and as the fourth cinema in Greater Canberra (after Captiol Manuka, Civic Theatre and New Star Theatre Queanbeyan) and presented yet another audience and advertising rival to 2CA.[26] Within a week, 2CA had doubled its daily schedule advertising in The Canberra Times, covering its full 6am-Midnight schedule (11pm on Sundays).[27][28] Previously the station had promoted an evening schedule from 6pm.[29][30]

While 2CA had been preparing to be part of the arrival of television in Canberra since 1950, it would not be until 19 May 1958 that station owners Canberra Broadcasters Pty Ltd would join forces with the Federal Capital Press of Australia Pty Ltd (owners of The Canberra Times) to form a public company Canberra Television Ltd, with a contribution of £45,000 each.[31]

1960s

On 2 June 1962 television station CTC 7, of which 2CA was a major shareholder, went to air for the first time. Six months later, on 18 December ABC 3 became Canberra's second television station. Thus began the steady decline of 2CA being a primary provider of evening family entertainment. The golden era of radio had come to an end. 2CA's format began to evolve away from a steady stream of radio serials, towards a news, music and information format.

By the mid-sixties 2CA's weekend schedule was increasingly dominated by sports and racing coverage. Though lucrative, it provided scant entertainment for Canberra's large teenage population, many preferring nearby Goulburn's 2GN which played more current music.

On the evening of Saturday 2 December 1967, 2CA went off-air for the last time.[32] The station commenced 24 hour broadcasting the next day, with its first Midnight to dawn shift hosted by Tony Hansen. The following weekend saw the launch of Party Time a program that would become the soundtrack of a generation of local Canberrans.[33]

2CA's mid-dawn program would later be simulcast on 2XL Cooma, with the station service being known on air as "CA-XL".

1970s

At 7am on Friday 31 October 1975, Canberra's 'long overdue and 'long awaited' second commercial radio station, 2CC, began broadcasting.[34] Promising a strong metropolitan music-based format with an emphasis on the Top 40, 2CA's new independent rival promised to be formidable competition. In a direct dig at 2CA, 2CC promised that the station would broadcast 'no sporting coverage'.[35] 2CC soon topped the Canberra ratings survey, continuing its dominance over 2CA throughout the latter half of the 70s and most of the 80s.

2CA's frequency changed in 1978, moving from 1050 to 1053AM, in accordance with the Geneva Frequency Plan of 1975. This required all AM radio stations in Australia to shift to a 9 rather than 10 kHz spacing.

1980s

On 25 June 1982 the 2CA studio building was sold by Macquarie Broadcasting to Sydney-based Lewis Development Pty Ltd for $1.5 million to make way for a proposed hotel development. 2CA manager John Martin announced the station would move to the other side of Northbourne Avenue to the first floor of Jolimont Centre, which was under construction, and be operational by January 1983 - the station's 50th year of continuous broadcasting.[36] The station would not move to its new home until March 1983.[2]

Jolimont Centre, home to 2CA from 1983-1997
The Jolimont Centre, 2CA's home from 1993-1997, pictured in 2014. The chemist sign was previously used for 2CA.

In 1986 2CA went to air in stereo-AM from the new Mitchell Transmitter site along with a new 5,000 watt Nautel Transmitter, using the STC valve transmitter as stand-by transmitter.

In early February 1988, 2CA began music test broadcasts for its new supplementary FM licence, FM104.7. To complement its new sister station's format, 2CA adopted a 'News Talk' format leveraging resources of the Macquarie network.[37]

On Friday 26 February 1988, John Fairfax Ltd announced it had sold Macquarie Radio Network to a Queensland-based consortium, Sonance Ltd for an undisclosed sum believed to be in the region of $100 million.[38]

The next day, on 27 February 1988, 2CA's new sister station FM104.7 (now Hit 104.7) and 2CC's KIX 106 (now Mix 106.3) officially launched at 8am, following three weeks of test music broadcasts.[39] Both stations were a week late in launching owing to their frequencies causing interference with other FM signals, requiring filtering equipment to correct. The new stations were Australia's first supplementary FM licences.

By April 1988, Sonance Ltd had sold 2CA and FM104.7 to Austereo for $15.25 million.[40][41] In June the results of the first survey since the introduction of two new FM stations gave 2CA 11.6% of the radio audience with its news-talk format, ahead of its sister station FM104.7 on 9.5%. Station manager of Macquarie Canberra, Greg St John, said the recent sale to Austereo had left the stations in 'financial limbo' and unable to package their product during the ratings period earlier in the year.[42]

1990s

The 2CA studios had to be evacuated on 29 November 1993 when a man crashed his car into the ground floor of the Jolimont Building and tried to blow up the building. Staff from 2CA had to be rescued from their first floor studio by smashing a window and climbing down a ladder.[43]

On 20 March 1997 a new joint venture between Canberra's two FM stations (Mix 106 and Hit 104) was announced. Broadcasting ownership laws meant the new company would need to sell-off 2CA - 2CC had been sold by Capital City Broadcasters in 1994.[44] Peter Harvie, managing director of 2CA's parent company Austereo announced that 2CA would be 'disposed of immediately'.[45]

2CA was bought by the Capital Radio Network, owners of 2CC, 2GN and 2XL. Both 2CA and 2CC then moved to a building at 52 Hoskins St in the Canberra suburb of Mitchell.

2000s

In 2004 Grant Broadcasters purchased part ownership of Radio Canberra Pty Ltd (2CA & 2CC) to form a joint venture with the Capital Radio Network. 2CA broadcasts to the Canberra and Southern tablelands region of NSW, including Yass, Bungendore and Queanbeyan. The 5000 Watt AM signal travels as far as Braidwood, Cowra, Gundagai, Cooma and Goulburn. In addition to the AM transmission, 2CA also broadcasts from Black Mountain Tower in Digital (DAB+), as well as streaming its program on its website at www.2ca.com.au and other streaming platforms.

In 2019, 2CA and its sister station 2CC moved into state of the art purpose built studios[46] on Bellenden St, Crace, in a multi-million dollar broadcasting complex, the Canberra Radio Centre.

On 27 September 2021, 2CA was rebranded as 2JAB to encourage people to get COVID-19 vaccinations.[47]

Programming

From its inception until the arrival of television in Canberra in 1962, 2CA was the only commercial broadcaster in the city. Its programming schedule for its first few decades followed a magazine format of news, light music, game shows, radio serials and comedy programs. National radio programmes like Pick-a-box, Nestlé's Theatre Royal, and Caltex Plays were staples on the station. The 2CA Book Club was a locally produced series featuring dramatised presentations of famous novels. For the Defence was produced in the 1950s featured fictionalised recreations of authentic criminal trials from the United States and Britain, presented from the viewpoint of the defence. Garema Airtime was a radio series broadcast from J.B. Young’s Emporium in Garema Place, Canberra.[48]

References

  1. ^ Gibbney, Herbert James (1988). Canberra, 1913-1953. Canberra: Australian Government Pub. Service. ISBN 0-644-06065-4.
  2. ^ a b "HMSS 0367 Radio Station 2CA papers". Archived from the original on 19 March 2015. Retrieved 17 February 2021.
  3. ^ Faulkner, C.C. (1946). "Radio Canberra 2CA" (PDF). Broadcast Yearbook and Radio Listeners' Annual of Australia: 20–24.
  4. ^ "Radio pioneer George Barlin dead at 100". City News. 27 September 2016. Retrieved 21 February 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  5. ^ "RADIO NETWORK SYSTEM. National Broadcasts Planned For 1937". The Sun. 10 February 1937. Retrieved 21 February 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  6. ^ "HMSS 0367 Radio Station 2CA papers". Libraries ACT. Archived from the original on 19 March 2015. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
  7. ^ a b "New Studios for Station 2CA". The Canberra Times. 25 November 1937.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  8. ^ "New 2CA studio - Foundation Ceremony Next Saturday". The Canberra Times. 13 December 1937. Retrieved 17 February 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  9. ^ "New 2CA Radio Studio Official Opening Ceremony". The Canberra Times. 3 June 1938. Retrieved 17 February 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  10. ^ http://www.act.nationaltrust.org.au/documents/RadioHill1.pdf Archived 29 August 2007 at the Wayback Machine - Peter Dowling
  11. ^ "Big Radio Mast Nearing Completion at Station 2CY". The Canberra Times. 15 October 1938. Retrieved 20 February 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  12. ^ "On The Air To-Day". The Canberra Times. 3 October 1938. Retrieved 20 February 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  13. ^ "On The Air To-Day". The Canberra Times. 6 October 1938. Retrieved 20 February 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  14. ^ "On The Air To-Day". The Canberra Times. 7 October 1938. Retrieved 20 February 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  15. ^ "On The Air To-Day". The Canberra Times. 8 October 1931. Retrieved 20 February 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  16. ^ "2CY Calling - Official Opening". The Canberra Times. 13 January 1939. Retrieved 20 February 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  17. ^ "National Security. The New Regulations". The West Australian. 26 August 1939. Retrieved 20 February 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  18. ^ "On The Air". The Canberra Times. 5 August 1939. Retrieved 20 February 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  19. ^ "On The Air". The Canberra Times. 16 August 1940. Retrieved 20 February 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  20. ^ "Mainly for Women". The Canberra Times. 19 August 1940. Retrieved 20 February 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  21. ^ "Reflections in a Wine Glass". The Canberra Times. 20 August 1940. Retrieved 21 February 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  22. ^ "On The Air To-Day". The Canberra Times. 19 August 1940. Retrieved 20 February 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  23. ^ "2CA To have new studio at Civic". The Canberra Times. 2 June 1950. Retrieved 17 February 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  24. ^ "HMSS 0367 Radio Station 2CA papers". ACT Heritage Library. Archived from the original on 19 March 2015. Retrieved 17 February 2021.
  25. ^ "2CN to Open on Wednesday". The Canberra Times. 17 January 1953. Retrieved 21 February 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  26. ^ "First Drive-In Theatres Opens in Canberra To-morrow". The Canberra Times. 2 January 1957. Retrieved 19 February 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  27. ^ "2CA On The Air!". The Canberra Times. 7 January 1957. Retrieved 19 February 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  28. ^ "2CA On The Air!". The Canberra Times. 12 January 1957. Retrieved 19 February 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  29. ^ "2CA On The Air!". The Canberra Times. Retrieved 19 February 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  30. ^ "2CA On The Air!". The Canberra Times. 22 December 1956. Retrieved 19 February 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  31. ^ "Who owns CTC-7?". The Canberra Times. 28 May 1962. Retrieved 19 February 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  32. ^ "This week on Canberra radio". The Canberra Times. 27 November 1967. Retrieved 19 February 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  33. ^ "This week on Canberra radio". The Canberra Times. 4 December 1967. Retrieved 19 February 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  34. ^ "The new arrival". The Canberra Times. 30 October 1975. Retrieved 21 February 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  35. ^ "A Wide Range of Experience". The Canberra Times. 31 October 1975. Retrieved 21 February 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  36. ^ Longhurst, Frank (26 January 1982). "Radio 2CA site bought for $1.5m". The Canberra Times. Retrieved 17 February 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  37. ^ "Canberra News Talk 2CA". The Canberra Times. 27 February 1988. Retrieved 22 February 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  38. ^ "Qld consortium buys Macquarie". The Canberra Times. 27 February 1988. Retrieved 23 February 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  39. ^ "FM stations on air today". The Canberra Times. 27 February 1988. Retrieved 23 February 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  40. ^ "Turn on, tune in and win". The Canberra Times. 25 April 1988. Retrieved 22 December 2020.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  41. ^ "MACQUARIE LOOKS TO LISTING FOR EXPANSION". Australian Financial Review. 9 June 1988. Retrieved 22 February 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  42. ^ "2CC races clear of its stablemate". The Canberra Times. 6 June 1988. Retrieved 24 February 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  43. ^ Attorney General's Department Disasters Database Archived 6 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  44. ^ "Radio station 2CC sold, format changes planned". The Canberra Times. 31 December 1994.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  45. ^ "Canberra FM Shake-Up". The Age. 20 March 1997. Retrieved 23 February 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  46. ^ Radioinfo. "2CC and 2CA move into new studios". www.radioinfo.com.au.
  47. ^ Martin, Amy (27 September 2021). "2CA becomes 2JAB to encourage vaccinations". The Canberra Times. Retrieved 27 September 2021.
  48. ^ "Australian radio series (1930s–1970s)". National Film & Sound Archive. Retrieved 17 February 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
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