Alcantarilla Dam
| Alcantarilla Dam | |
|---|---|
 Alcantarilla Dam in 2016 | |
  Location of Alcantarilla Dam in Spain | |
| Location | Toledo province, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain |
| Coordinates | 39°39′36″N 4°3′28″W / 39.66000°N 4.05778°W |
| Opening date | 1st century |
| Dam and spillways | |
| Impounds | Guajaraz (Tajo basin)[1] |
| Height | 20 m (66 ft) |
| Length | >800 m (2,600 ft) |
| Width (base) | 4 m (13 ft)? |
The Alcantarilla Dam is a ruined Roman gravity dam in Mazarambroz, Toledo province, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain, dating to the 2nd century BC.[2] The toponym "Alcantarilla" means conduit and is of Arabic origin:[3] the Latin name is unknown.[1]
The dam is believed to be the oldest dam in Spain, and is possibly the oldest known Roman dam. It was 20 metres (66 ft) high and at least 550 metres (1,800 ft) long.[2] The dam and reservoir were part of the water supply system of the city of Toletum (Toledo). They were constructed on a tributary of the River Tagus. The water was conveyed to the city by an aqueduct which passed through Layos.
Structure
The structure appears to have been similar to the surviving Proserpina Dam near Merida, an earth dam with a stone retaining wall.[4] The upstream retaining wall consists of two parallel rubble-masonry walls about 1 metre (3.3 ft) thick, separated by a concrete-filled space approximately .6 metres (2.0 ft) wide. The upstream side of the wall was faced with cut stone blocks.[2]
Conservation
The structure has been in ruins for a long time. There has been speculation that it was not strong enough to cope with a large volume of water. It was possibly breached in the Roman era.[4] Another possibility is that the masonry collapsed upstream, perhaps by the pressure of the earth fill when the water was low, since, unlike later dams, it was not buttressed on the upstream side.[2]
The remains of Toledo's Roman water supply system are partly protected by a heritage designation (Bien de Interés Cultural).[5]
See also
Notes
- ^ a b Spann, P. "Places: 268784 (Untitled)". Pleiades. Retrieved 17 May 2018.
- ^ a b c d Jansen, Robert B. (1983). Dams and Public Safety. U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation. p. 14. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
- ^ It is the diminutive of "alcántara" from the Arabic word al-QanTarah (القنطرة) meaning "the bridge".
- ^ a b Arenillas & Castillo 2003
- ^ "Restos del acueducto" [Remains of the aqueduct] (in Spanish). Retrieved 29 May 2018.
References
- Arenillas, Miguel; Castillo, Juan C. (2003), "Dams from the Roman Era in Spain. Analysis of Design Forms (with Appendix)", 1st International Congress on Construction History [20th–24th January], Madrid, retrieved 29 December 2018 – via TRAIANVS
Further reading
- Hodge, A. Trevor (1992), Roman Aqueducts & Water Supply, London: Duckworth, pp. 87–89, ISBN 0-7156-2194-7
- Schnitter, Niklaus (1978), "Römische Talsperren", Antike Welt, 8 (2): 25–32 (29), JSTOR 44431542
- Smith, Norman (1971), A History of Dams, London: Peter Davies, p. 48, ISBN 0-432-15090-0
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