Anarchist-Communist Federation of Occitania
Anarchist-Communist Federation of Occitania Federacion Anarquista Comunista d'Occitània | |
|---|---|
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| Founder | Guy Malouvier |
| Founded | 1969 |
| Dissolved | 1976 |
| Succeeded by | Libertarian Occitania |
| Newspaper | Libertarian Occitania[1][2] |
| Ideology | Libertarian communism, Independence anarchism |
The Anarchist-Communist Federation of Occitania (Federacion anarquista-comunista d'Occitania, FACO) was a platformist federation, founded by Guy Malouvier, which operated in Occitania from 1969 to 1975.[3][4]
History
In the late 1960s, a new generation of militant anarchists appeared in Europe, disappointed by the European synthesis federations whose raison d'être was to regroup all the tendencies of anarchism, which they saw as a purely ideological work. These militants began to cluster in trends within these old groups. In 1967 the libertarian communists, who had previously merged with other groups to form the Anarchist Federation (FA), regrouped to form an organized trend within it, the Anarchist Revolutionary Organization (ORA), which published a magazine called The Insurgent.[5]
The "Federacion Anarquista Comunista d'Occitània" (FACO),[6] was put together by Guy Malouvier, Joan-Pau Verdier and Gérard Bodinier, after the events of May 68 saw the emergence of Occitan nationalism.[7] The "Anarchist-Communist Federation of Occitania" defended the idea of a "socialist federation of the regions" of Occitania and tried to link libertarian communism to national and cultural emancipation, breaking with the Jacobin order.
Malouvier was a member of the ORA and created the FACO in principle as a branch of it.[5] In 1970 the ORA became independent of the FA. In 1971 Daniel Guérin tried to unite the ORA with the Movement for the Struggle for Change (MLC). The two groups do not manage to merge but, a group of MLC militants joined the ORA while other ORA groups joined the MLC to form the first Libertarian Communist Organization (OCL-1). The FACO, meanwhile, withdrew from the ORA due to ideological disagreements, including the issue of nationality.[5]
FACO was made up of fifteen groups and up to a hundred activists. The organization led public meetings with other Occitanist groups, some of a Marxist tendency and other nationalist types like the Party of the Occitan Nation (PNO), but linguistically, FACO differed from other Occitan nationalists by their refusal to unify the language. Multiple different dialects were used in Occitania libertaria; Limousin, Gascon, Provençal, etc.[8] The emblem of the FACO was the red and black flag struck with the Occitan cross and the Star of Félibrige. At demonstrations, they marched with the other anarchist organizations. They also had sympathy for ETA, at war with Francoist Spain, and with a Basque libertarian communist magazine, "Askatasuna", which was beginning the reconstruction of the CNT in Euskadi towards the end of the dictatorship.
Legacy
After the dissolution of the FACO in 1976, Occitan anarchists, disillusioned with the sectarianism and racism of the French anarchist movement, organized themselves in Languedoc. This led to the foundation of Libertarian Occitania (Template:Lang-oc, OL) in the 1980s, a new libertarian communist group, inspired by the FACO, with a platform:[9]
- for the collectivization of the means of production and the expropriation of colonized Occitan land
- for the respect and expansion of Occitan national identity
- for the recognition of the Occitan people and their national rights
- for the Occitan national community's control of their economic, social and cultural development.
Bibliography
- Philippe Martel, Revolutionary or nationalist? Occitan poetry after 1968 , Field (journal), n ° 41, September 2003, full text.
- Collective, under the dir. from Jean Maitron, Anarchism, here and there, yesterday and today , Le Mouvement social, n ° 83, April - June 1973, full text.
- René Furth, Ethnic minorities and Nationalisms , Interrogations, n ° 5, December 1975, full text.
- Guillaume Davranche and Grégoire Mariman, File 68: Rolf Dupuy and Guy Malouvier: 'Each of these words counted: organization; revolutionary ; anarchiste ", September 6, 2007, Alternative libertaire n ° 173, May 2008, full text.
Sources
- Système universitaire de documentation - notice.
- JSTOR: Jean Maitron, Alain Droguet, The French Anarchist Press from its origins to the present day , Le Mouvement social, No. 83, L'Anarchisme ici et la, yesterday and today (Apr. - Jun., 1973), pp. 9–22 full text.
- International Institute of Social History (Amsterdam) - notice.
- Centre International de Recherches sur l'Anarchisme (Lausanne): bibliographic notice.
- International Federation of Libertarian Studies and Documentation Centers, notice.
- Anarchist Federation, Histoire du mouvement libertaire 1954-1980 , 1969.
- Reproduction of the cover of issue 1 of Occitanie libertaire.
References
- ^ WorldCat - notice .
- ^ Jean Maitron, Alain Droguet, The French anarchist press from its origins to the present day , full text.
- ^ "Acronyms of the category: Anarchist organizations".
- ^ Bianco: 100 years of anarchist press
- ^ a b c Organization révolutionnaire anarchiste
- ^ Guy Malouvier in 1968, International dictionary of anarchist militants, photo
- ^ Guy Malouvier,' 'National liberation struggles and social revolution' ', mentioned in the International dictionary of anarchist activists, notice.
- ^ Summary of n°1 online here[permanent dead link] and here.
- ^ "Occitania Libertaria, ques aquo?" (PDF) (in French). Temps Noirs.
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