Anniversary

For other uses, see Anniversary (disambiguation).

On the 40th anniversary of his reign, King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden toasts the city's Mayor in front of Stockholm Palace.

Memorial plaque presented by the National Capital Sesquicentennial Commission, 1951

An anniversary is the date on which an event took place or an institution was founded in a previous year, and may also refer to the commemoration or celebration of that event. The word was first used for Catholic feasts to commemorate saints.

Most countries celebrate national anniversaries, typically called national days. These could be the date of independence of the nation or the adoption of a new constitution or form of government. There is no definite method for determining the date of establishment of an institution, and it is generally decided within the institution by convention. The important dates in a sitting monarch's reign may also be commemorated, an event often referred to as a "jubilee".

Names

• Birthdays are the most common type of anniversary, on which someone's birthdate is commemorated each year. The actual celebration is sometimes moved for practical reasons, as in the case of an official birthday or one falling on February 29.
• Wedding anniversaries are also often celebrated, on the same day of the year as the wedding occurred.
• Death anniversaries.

The Latin phrase dies natalis (literally "birth day") has become a common term, adopted in many languages, especially in intellectual and institutional circles, for the anniversary of the founding ("legal or statutory birth") of an institution, such as an alma mater (college or other school). In ancient Rome, the [dies] Aquilae natalis was the "birthday of the eagle", the anniversary of the official founding of a legion.

Anniversaries of nations are usually marked by the number of years elapsed, expressed with Latin words or Roman numerals.

Numerical

Latin terms for anniversaries are mostly straightforward, particularly those relating to the first thirty years (1–30), or multiples of ten years (30, 40, 50, 60, 70 etc.), or multiples of centuries or millenniums (100, 200, 300, 1000, 2000, 3000, etc.) In these instances, the name of the anniversary is generally derived from the Latin word(s) for the respective number of years. When anniversaries relate to fractions of centuries (125, 150, 175, 225 years—i.e. 1.25, 1.5, 1.75, and 2.25 centuries), the situation is not as simple.

Roman fractions were based on a duodecimal system. From 1⁄12 to 8⁄12 they were expressed as multiples of twelfths (uncia "twelfth"; the source of the English words inch and ounce) and from 9⁄12 to 11⁄12 they were expressed as multiple twelfths less than the next whole unit—i.e. a whole unit less 3⁄12, 2⁄12 or 1⁄12 respectively. There were also special terms for quarter (quadrans), half (semis), and three-quarters (dodrans). Dodrans is a Latin contraction of de-quadrans which means "a whole unit less a quarter" (de means "from"; quadrans means "quarter"). Thus for the example of 175 years, the term is a quarter century less than the next whole (bi)century or 175 = (−25 + 200).

In Latin, it seems that this rule did not apply precisely for 1+1⁄2. While secundus is Latin for "second", and bis for "twice", these terms are not used such as in sesqui-secundus. Instead sesqui (or ses) is used by itself.

Anniversary	Latin-derived term	Other terms	Comments
1 Day	Datal
1 Week	Weekal
1 Month	Monthal
3 months	Quarteral
6 months	Semiannual		'Biannual' means twice in a year, but is also commonly used incorrectly to mean once every two years ('biennial').
	Biannual
1 year	Annual	Paper
2 years	Biennial	Cotton	'Biennial' means once every two years, but is also commonly used incorrectly to mean twice in a year ('biannual').
3 years	Triennial	Leather
4 years	Quadrennial	Linen
5 years	Quinquennial	Wood
6 years	Sexennial	Iron
7 years	Septennial	Wool
8 years	Octennial	Bronze
9 years	Novennial	Copper
10 years	Decennial	Tin Aluminum
	Denary
11 years	Undecennial	Steel
12 years	Duodecennial	Silk
121⁄2 years		Parsley	A humorous or mock wedding anniversary celebrated in Germany and the Netherlands where everyone needs to wear something green
13 years	Tredecennial	Lace
14 years	Quattuordecennial	Ivory
15 years	Quindecennial	Crystal
16 years	Sexdecennial	Sapphire	Sapphire is separately used for other anniversaries
17 years	Septdecennial	Orchid
18 years	Octdecennial	Quartz
19 years	Novdecennial	Jade
20 years	Vigintennial	China/Porcelain
	Vicennial
	Vicenary
21 years	Unvigintennial
22 years	Duovigintennial
23 years	Trivigintennial
24 years	Quadrivigintennial
25 years	Quadranscentennial	Silver
26 years	Sexavigintennial
27 years	Septvigintennial
28 years	Octovigintennial
29 years	Nonavigintennial
30 years	Tricennial	Pearl
	Tricenary
35 years	Quintricennial	Coral
40 years	Quadragennial	Ruby
	Quadragenary
45 years	Quinquadragennial	Sapphire
50 years	Semicentennial	Golden	Previously, "jubilee" by itself was used to indicate celebrations at 50 year intervals
	Quinquagenary
55 years	Quinquinquagennial	Emerald
	Quinquinquagenary
60 years	Sexagennial	Diamond	Diamond is separately used for the 75th anniversary, its use for 60th years being popularized by Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria
	Sexagenary
65 years	Quinsexagennial	Sapphire	Sapphire is separately used for other anniversaries
70 years	Septuagennial	Platinum
	Septuagenary
75 years	Semisesquicentennial	Diamond	Diamond is separately used for the 60th anniversary
	Demisesquicentennial
80 years	Octogintennial	Oak
	Octogenary
85 years	quinoctogennial
90 years	Nonagintennial	Granite
	Nonagenary
95 years	quinnonagennial
100 years	Centennial
	Centenary
110 years	decaCentennial
120 years	bidecaCentennial
125 years	Quasquicentennial		Term is broken down as quasqui- (and a quarter) centennial (100 years). Quasqui is a contraction from quadrans "a quarter" plus the clitic conjunction -que "and". The term was coined by Funk and Wagnalls editor Robert L. Chapman in 1961.
130 years	tridecaCentennial
140 years	quadridecaCentennial
150 years	Sesquicentennial		Term broken down as sesqui- (one and a half) centennial (100 years)
160 years	sexadecaCentennial
170 years	septdecaCentennial
175 years	Dodransbicentennial		Dodrans is a Latin contraction of de-quadrans which means "a whole unit less a quarter" (de means "from"; quadrans means "quarter"). 175 years is a quarter century less than the next whole (bi)century (175 = 200 − 25).
	Dodrabicentennial		Alternative Latin form of Dodransbicentennial
	Dequasbicentennial		Alternative Latin form of Dodransbicentennial
	Dosquicentennial		Dosquicentennial has been used in modern times and this is perhaps a modern contraction of "de-quadrans".
	Demisemiseptcentennial		Probably a modern coined term: demisemiseptcentennial; literally one-half (demi-) × one-half (semi-) × seven (sept-) × 100 years (centennial)—also demisemiseptcentenary.
	Quartoseptcentennial		Probably a modern coined term: quartoseptcentennial; literally one-quarter (quarto-) × seven (sept-) × 100 years (centennial)—also quartoseptcentenary.
	Terquasquicentennial		A coined word for an anniversary of 175 years, but the elements of the word literally refer to an anniversary of 375 years, as follows: ter- (3) × quasqui- (11⁄4) × centennial (100 years)
	Septaquintaquinquecentennial		Suggested by lexicographer Robert L. Chapman to William Safire; first appeared in Safire's column, "On Language" (The New York Times Magazine, February 12, 1995). It is a coined word for an anniversary of 175 years, but the elements of the word literally refer to an anniversary of 35,000 years, as follows: septaquinta- (70) × quinque- (5) × centennial (100 years)
180 years	octodecaCentennial
190 years	nonadecaCentennial
200 years	Bicentennial
	Bicentenary
225 years	Quasquibicentennial
250 years	Sestercentennial		To express 2+1⁄2 in Latin it would be expressed as "half-three". The term relates to being halfway [from the second] to the third integer. In Latin this is "Sestertius", which is a contraction of semis (halfway) tertius (third)—hence Sestercentennial.
	Semiquincentennial		Probably a modern coined term: semi- (half) × quin (5) × centennial (100 years) = 250 years. Used by Brown University in 2015.
	Bicenquinquagenary		Used by Princeton University in 1996, Reading, Pennsylvania in 1998, and Washington and Lee University in 1999. It is a coined word for an anniversary of 250 years: bi- (2) × cen(t)- (100) + quinquagenary (50 years).
	Quarter-millennial
275 years	dodranstricentennial
300 years	Tercentenary
	Tercentennial
	Tricentenary
	Tricentennial
325 years	quasquitricentennial
350 years	Sesquarcentennial		Sesquarcentennial is a modern coined term; sesquarcentennial for 350 years is deduced here from the "Sestertius" definition for 250 years above. For 350 years it relates to being halfway from the third to the fourth integer; thus a contraction of semis (halfway) and quartus (fourth); hence Sesquarcentennial. Semiseptcennial is probably a modern coined term: semi- (half) × sept (7) × cen(t)- (100) × centennial (350 years).
	Semiseptcentennial
375 years	dodransquadricentennial
400 years	Quadricentennial
	Quadricentenary
	Quatercentenary
425 years	quasquiquadricentennial
450 years	Sesquincentennial
475 years	dodransquincentennial
500 years	Quincentenary
	Quincentennial
550 years	Sessexacentennial
600 years	Sexcentenary
	Sexacentennial
650 years	Sesseptcentennial
700 years	Septcentennial		Probably a coined term; earliest known use in March 1988. Chiang Mai Septcentennial Stadium (Chiang Mai, Thailand) was completed in 1991.
	Septuacentennial
750 years	Sesoctocentennial
800 years	Octocentenary
	Octocentennial
850 years	Sesnonacentennial
900 years	Nonacentennial
950 years	Sesdecacentennial
1000 years	Millennial
1100 years	centimillennial
1200 years	bicentimillennial
1300 years	tricentimillennial
1400 years	quadricentimillennial
1500 years	Sesquimillennial		Term broken down as sesqui- (one and a half) millennial (1000 years)
1600 years	sexacentimillennial
1700 years	septcentimillennial
1800 years	octocentimillennial
1900 years	nonacentimillennial
2000 years	Bimillennial
2100 years	centibimillennial
2200 years	duocentibimillennial
2300 years	tricentibimillennial
2400 years	quadricentibimillennial
2500 years	sesquibimillennial
2600 years	sexacentibimillennial
2700 years	septcentibimillennial
2800 years	octocentibimillennial
2900 years	nonacentibimillennial
3000 years	Trimillennial
3500 years	sesquitrimillennial
4000 years	Quadrimillennial
4500 years	sesquiquadrimillennial
5000 years	Quinmillennial
5500 years	sesquiquadrimillennial
6000 years	sexamillennial
6500 years	sesquiquadrimillennial
7000 years	septmillennial
7500 years	sesquiquadrimillennial
8000 years	octomillennial
8500 years	sesquiquadrimillennial
9000 years	nonamillennial
9500 years	sesquiquadrimillennial
10,000 years	Decamillennial
11,000 years	unDecamillennial
12,000 years	doDecamillennial
13,000 years	treDecamillennial
14,000 years	quattuordecamillennial
15,000 years	quindecimillennial
16,000 years	sexaDecamillennial
17,000 years	septDecamillennial
18,000 years	octoDecamillennial
19,000 years	nonadecamillennial
20,000 years	bidecamillennial
25,000 years	quinbidecamillennial
30,000 years	tridecamillennial
35,000 years	quintridecamillennial
40,000 years	quadridecamillennial
45,000 years	quinquadridecamillennial
50,000 years	quindecamillennial
60,000 years	sexadecamillennial
70,000 years	septdecamillennial
80,000 years	octodecamillennial
90,000 years	nonadecamillennial
100,000 Years	Centimillenial
200,000 Years	bicentimillenial
300,000 Years	tricentimillenial
400,000 Years	quadricentimillenial
500,000 Years	quincentimillenial
1,000,000 Years	Megannual		From megannum
2,000,000 Years	bimegannual
3,000,000 Years	trimegannual
5,000,000 Years	quinmegannual
10,000,000 Years	Decamegannual
20,000,000 Years	duoDecamegannual
50,000,000 years	quindecamegannual
100,000,000 Years	centimegannual
250,000,000 Years	sesquibicentimegannual
500,000,000 Years	quincentimegannual
1,000,000,000 years	Gigannual
5,000,000,000 years	quinGigannual
10,000,000,000 years	decaGigannual
100,000,000,000 years	centiGigannual
1,000,000,000,000 Years	Terannual
10^15 Years	Petannual
10^18 Years	Exannual
10^21 years	Zettannual
10^24 years	Yottannual
10^27 Years	Ronnannual
10^30 years	Quettannual
10^33 Years	Quetkilannual
10^36 years	Quetmegannual
10^39 years	Quetgigannual
10^42 years	Quetterannual
10^45 years	Quetpetannual
10^48 years	Quetexannual
10^51 years	Quetzettannual
10^54 years	Quetyottannual
10^57 years	Quetronnannual
10^60 years	Quetquetannual / Duetannual
10^63 Years	Duetkilannual
10^100 years	Googannual
10^303 years	Centilliannual

Symbols

Many anniversaries have special names. Etiquette in Society, in Business, in Politics and at Home by Emily Post, published in 1922, contained suggestions for wedding anniversary gifts for 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 50, and 75 years. Wedding anniversary gift suggestions for other years were added in later editions and publications; they now comprise what is referred to as the "traditional" list. Generally speaking, the longer the period, the more precious or durable the material associated with it.

There are variations according to some national traditions. There exist numerous partially overlapping, partially contradictory lists of anniversary gifts (such as wedding stones), separate from the 'traditional' names. The concepts of a person's birthday stone and zodiac stone, by contrast, are fixed for life according to the day of the week, month, or astrological sign corresponding to the recipient's birthday.

See also

• List of historical anniversaries
• Quinquennial Neronia
• Wedding anniversary
• Death anniversary