Bass-baritone

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A bass-baritone is a high-lying bass that shares certain qualities with the baritone voice type.The term arose in the late 19th century to describe the particular type of voice required to sing three Wagnerian roles: the Dutchman in Der fliegende Holländer, Wotan/Der Wanderer in the Ring Cycle and Hans Sachs in Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg. Wagner labelled these roles as Hoher Bass ("high bass") — see fach for more details.[1]

The bass-baritone voice is distinguished by two attributes. First, it must be capable of singing comfortably in a baritonal tessitura. It must also, however, have the resonant lower range typically associated with the bass. For example, the role of Wotan in Die Walküre covers the range from F at the bottom of the bass clef to F# above middle C, but only infrequently descends beyond the C below middle C. Bass-baritones are typically divided into two separate categories: lyric bass-baritone and dramatic bass-baritone.[2]

The term bass-baritone is roughly synonymous with the Italian term basso cantante; for example, in Verdi, Philip II in Don Carlos is usually taken by a bass-baritone, while Ferrando in Il Trovatore is sung by a true bass—though the two roles' ranges are very similar. In Debussy's Pelléas et Mélisande the lower baritone role of Golaud is a bass-baritone, sitting between Pelleas (high baritone) and Arkel (bass).[citation needed] See fach for more. Much of the oratorio repertoire, from Handel's Messiah to Mendelssohn's Elijah is best suited to a bass-baritone with the ability to combine a rich, dark tone with a smooth high-lying cantabile line.[citation needed] Many of the Mozart baritone roles such as Don Giovanni, Figaro and Gugliemo — composed before the term "baritone" gained currency — are typically played by a bass-baritone.[3]

Contents

[edit] Lyric bass-baritone

Bass-baritone is a voice with the resonant low notes of the typical bass but with the ability to sing in a baritonal tessitura. Sometimes it also refers to a voice with a range and tone somewhere between a bass and a baritone. The bass-baritone's required range can vary tremendously based on the role, with some less demanding than others. Many bass-baritones venture into the baritone repertoire, like Friedrich Schorr, George London, James Morris and Bryn Terfel.

The following are more often performed by high basses as opposed to lower baritones.

[edit] Dramatic bass-baritone

[edit] Bass-baritone roles in operetta and musicals

All of the Gilbert and Sullivan comic operas have at least one bass-baritone character. Bass-baritones famous for singing these roles included Richard Temple, Darrell Fancourt and Donald Adams.

Some notable bass-baritones roles featured in musicals are:

[edit] Prominent bass-baritones, past and present

[edit] See also

Sopranist
Alto
Tenor
Baritone
Bass

[edit] References

  1. ^ Stark, James (2003). Bel Canto: A History of Vocal Pedagogy. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-08-0208-614-3. 
  2. ^ McKinney, James (1994). The Diagnosis and Correction of Vocal Faults. Genovex Music Group. ISBN 978-1565939400. 
  3. ^ Bryn Terfel Opera Repertoire, Harlequin Agency Limited, 2008-06-18, http://www.harlequin-agency.co.uk/index.php?page=12&action=repertoire&id=50&type=operatic, retrieved on 2008-06-18 
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