Battle of Aldenhoven (1793)

This article is about the battle in 1793. For the battle in 1794, see Battle of Aldenhoven (1794).

Battle of Aldenhoven (1793)
Part of the Flanders Campaign in the War of the First Coalition
Date 1 March 1793 Location Aldenhoven, Germany 50°53′45″N 6°16′59″E Result Austrian victory
Belligerents
Habsburg Austria	Republican France
Commanders and leaders
Prince of Coburg Archduke Charles	René de Lanoue Henri de Stengel
Strength
39,000	9,000
Casualties and losses
50	2,300, 7 guns, 2 colors

The Battle of Aldenhoven (1 March 1793) saw the Habsburg Austrian army commanded by Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld attack a Republican French force under René Joseph de Lanoue. The Austrians successfully crossed the Roer River and engaged in a cavalry charge led by Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen which routed the French and inflicted heavy losses. The War of the First Coalition battle occurred near Aldenhoven, a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany located about 55 kilometres (34 mi) west of Cologne.

After a victory in the Battle of Jemappes on 6 November 1792, the French army of Charles Francois Dumouriez conquered most of the Austrian Netherlands. That winter, Dumouriez attempted to overrun the Dutch Republic while Francisco de Miranda besieged Maastricht, covered by Lanoue's troops along the Roer. Sent by the Austrian government to reconquer Belgium, Coburg's troops attacked early on the morning of 1 March and dispersed the French. The Battle of Neerwinden on the 18th of March would decide who controlled the Austrian Netherlands.

Battle

In the decisive charge, Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen led the Latour Dragoon Regiment Nr. 31 and the Esterhazy Hussar Regiment Nr. 32. Lanoue had on hand 9,000 troops in seven battalions, six squadrons and 12 artillery pieces. The French units were the 3rd and 4th Grenadier Battalions, Liège Battalion, 14th Light Infantry Battalion, 2nd Battalion of the Paris National Guard, two battalions of the 29th Line Infantry Regiment and the 6th and 12th Chasseurs à Cheval. Henri Christian Michel de Stengel was one of Lanoue's subordinates.

Results

The Coalition suffered 50 casualties while the French suffered 2,000. In addition, 300 men, seven field pieces and two colors were captured by the Coalition. One of the colors was taken from the 29th Line. This defeat caused the siege of Maastricht to be abandoned. For three days Stengel disappeared and it was feared that he had defected. Instead, he turned up at Namur with a squadron of the 12th Chasseurs and the army's military pay chest. On the 9th of March, three French armies reassembled at Leuven (Louvain) under the command of Francisco de Miranda. They were the Army of the North on the left, the Army of Belgium in the center and the Army of the Ardennes on the right.

References

• Phipps, Ramsay Weston (2011). The Armies of the First French Republic: Volume I The Armée du Nord. USA: Pickle Partners Publishing. ISBN 978-1-908692-24-5.
• Rickard, J. "Battle of Aldenhoven, 1 March 1793". historyofwar.org. Retrieved 17 August 2014.
• Smith, Digby (1998). The Napoleonic Wars Data Book. London: Greenhill. ISBN 1-85367-276-9.