Battle of Elandslaagte
| Battle of Elandslaagte | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of Second Boer War | |||||||
 Positions at noon, before the battle | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 United Kingdom |
 South African Republic | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
|
John French Ian Hamilton |
General Johannes Kock † Adolf Schiel | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
|
3,500 18 guns[1] |
1,000 3 guns[1] | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
|
55 dead 205 wounded |
46 dead 105 wounded 181 MIA or captured | ||||||
The Battle of Elandslaagte was a battle of the Second Boer War, and one of the few clear-cut tactical victories won by the British during the conflict. However, the British force retreated afterwards, throwing away their advantage.
Prelude
When the Boers invaded Natal, a force under General Johannes Kock (consisting mainly of men of the Johannesburg Commando, with detachments of German, French, Dutch, American, and Irish volunteers)[2][3] occupied the railway station at Elandslaagte on 19 October 1899, thus cutting the communications between the main British force at Ladysmith and a detachment at Dundee. Learning that the telegraph had been cut, Lieutenant General Sir George White sent his cavalry commander, Major General John French to recapture the station.
Arriving shortly after dawn on 21 October, French found the Boers present in strength, with two field guns. He telegraphed to Ladysmith for reinforcements, which shortly afterwards arrived by train.
The battle
While three batteries of British field guns bombarded the Boer position, and the 1st Battalion, the Devonshire Regiment advanced frontally in open order, the main attack commanded by Colonel Ian Hamilton (1st Battalion, the Manchester Regiment, 2nd Battalion, the Gordon Highlanders and the dismounted Imperial Light Horse) moved around the Boers' left flank. The sky had steadily been growing dark with thunderclouds, and as the British made their assault, the storm burst. In the poor visibility and pouring rain, the British infantry had to face a barbed wire farm fence, in which several men were entangled and shot. Nevertheless, they cut the wire or broke it down, and occupied the main part of the Boer position.[4]
Some small parties of Boers were already showing white flags when General Kock led a counterattack, dressed in his top hat and Sunday best.[5] He drove back the British infantry in confusion, but they rallied, inspired by Hamilton (and reportedly, a bugler of the Manchesters and a Pipe Major of the Gordons) and charged again. Kock and his companions were killed.
As the remaining Boers mounted their ponies and tried to retreat, two squadrons of British cavalry (from the 5th Lancers and the 5th Dragoon Guards) got among them with lances and sabres, cutting down many. This was one of the few occasions during the Boer war in which a British cavalry charge made contact.[6] Some of the retreating Boers were also killed by the lancers after already clearly surrendering.
The two Boer field guns fell into British hands. They were found to have originally been British and had been captured by the Boers in the aftermath of the Jameson Raid.[citation needed]
Aftermath
The way was now clear for the British detachment at Dundee to fall back on the main British force, but Sir George White feared that 10,000 Boers from the Orange Free State were about to attack Ladysmith, and ordered the force at Elandslaagte to fall back there. The British were tired and many officers had been killed, and the retreat became a disorderly scramble.[7] The detachment at Dundee was once again isolated, and was forced to make an exhausting detour before they could reach safety. The Boer forces re-occupied Elandslaagte two days later.[8]
The Battle was also notable for being the first and last battle of the volunteer Hollanderkorps. The Hollanderkorps was a group of ca. 150 Dutch volunteers which had been established a mere month earlier. During the battle the Hollanderkorps suffered 9 fatalities, including Herman Coster, along with fellow officer Cars Geerts de Jonge and seven soldiers: P.J. van den Broek, H. van Cittert, J.A. Lepeltak Kieft, Jan Moora, J.Th. Rummeling, M. Schaink, and F.W. Wagner. A further 35 were taken prisoner by the British.[9] The names of the deceased, including Coster, were inscribed at a monument at the location of the battle. The monument was destroyed by vandals in 2014.[10] The Boer generals were deeply unhappy with the Hollanderkorps' performance, and it was disbanded after the battle though several hundred Dutch volunteers continued to fight in Boer regiments.[11]
Gallery
-
Sketch of the Battle of Elandslaagte by W.F. Mondriaan. -
Monument to the members of the Hollanderkorps who died at the Battle of Elandslaagte before its destruction in 2014.
See also
- Military history of South Africa
- Colonel John James Scott-Chisholme commander of the Imperial Light Horse killed during the battle
Notes
- ^ a b britishbattles.com
- ^ Kruger, p.84
- ^ Viljoen, B (1902) My Reminiscences of the Anglo-Boer War, Echo Library edition (2010), Fairford, Gloucestershire. P24
- ^ Pakenham, p 137-8
- ^ Kruger, p.86
- ^ Pakenham, p 139-40
- ^ Kruger, p.88
- ^ Gillings, K (2003) Battles of KwaZulu-Natal, Art Publishers, Durban P33
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
:0was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Horror destruction of Elandslaagte battle memorial | Northern KZN Courier". northernnatalcourier.co.za. Retrieved 2 April 2017.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|dead-url=(help) - ^ Kuitenbrouwer, Vincent (2017). "The Anglo-Boer War of 1899-1902". In Gosselink, Martine; Holtrop, Maria; Ross, Robert (eds.). Good Hope: South Africa and the Netherlands from 1600. Amsterdam: Uitgeverij van Tilt. pp. 233–250.
Sources
- Kruger, Rayne, Goodbye Dolly Grey, New English Library, 1964 ISBN 0-7126-6285-5
- Pakenham, Thomas, The Boer War, Cardinal, 1979, ISBN 0-7474-0976-5