Billy Hill (gangster)
Billy Hill (William Charles Hill) (1911 – 1984) was one of the foremost perpetrators of organised crime in London from the 1920s through to the 1960s. He was a smuggler, operated protection rackets and used extreme violence. He project managed cash robberies and, in a clever scam, defrauded London High Society of millions at the card tables of John Aspinall's Clermont Club.
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[edit] Biography
Hill was born into a London criminal family and committed his first stabbing aged fourteen.[1] He began as a house burglar in the late 1920s, then specialized in "smash-and-grab" raids targeting furriers and jewellers in the 1930s. During World War II, he moved into the black market, specializing in foods and petrol. He also supplied forged documents for deserting servicemen. He was involved in West End protection rackets with fellow gangster Jack Spot.
In the late 1940s, he was charged with burgling a warehouse and fled to South Africa. Following an arrest there for assault, he was extradited to Britain, where he was convicted for the warehouse robbery and served time in prison. This was Billy's last jail term. After his release he met Gypsy Riley, better known as Gyp, who became his common-law wife.
In 1952, he planned the Eastcastle St. postal van robbery netting £287,000 (2010: £6,150,000),[2] and in 1954 he organised a £40,000 bullion heist. No one was ever convicted for these robberies. He also ran smuggling operations from Morocco during this period.
In 1955 Hill wrote his memoir Boss of Britain's Underworld. In it he described his use of the shiv:
- I was always careful to draw my knife down on the face, never across or upwards. Always down. So that if the knife slips you don't cut an artery. After all, chivving is chivving, but cutting an artery is usually murder. Only mugs do murder.[3]
Hill was the mentor to Ronnie and Reggie Kray, advising them in their early criminal careers [4] and they remained friends throughout.
[edit] Phone Tapping
In late 1956 Home Secretary Gwilym Lloyd George authorised the tapping of Hill's phone. At the time gang warfare had broken out in London between Hill and erstwhile partner in crime, Jack "Spot" Comer. [5] In 1956, Jack Spot and wife Rita were attacked by Hill's bodyguard, Frankie Fraser, Bobby Warren and at least half a dozen other men. Both Fraser and Warren were given seven years for their acts of violence.[6]
The Bar council approched the police and requested the tapes in order to provide evidence for an investigation of Hill's barrister, Patrick Marrinan's professional conduct.[7] When this use of tapping powers was revealed to Parliament in June 1957, Leader of the Opposition Hugh Gaitskell demanded a full explanation. Butler pledged that it would not be a precedent and that he would consider withdrawing the evidence and asking the Bar council to disregard it.[8] Marrinan was subsequently disbarred and expelled by Lincoln's Inn,[9] but Butler was forced to appoint a committee of Privy Counsellors under Sir Norman Birkett to look into the prerogative power of intercepting telephone communications.[10]
[edit] Big Edge
In the 1960s Hill was busy fleecing aristocrats at card tables. In Douglas Thompson's book The Hustlers, and the subsequent documentary on Channel 4, The Real Casino Royale, the club's former financial director John Burke and Hill's associate John McKew, claimed that John Aspinall worked with Hill to cheat the players at the Clermont Club.[11] Some of the wealthiest people in Britain were swindled out of millions of pounds, thanks to a gambling con known as 'the Big Edge'.[12][11]
Marked cards could be discovered too easily; [1] instead the low cards were slightly bent across their width in a small mangle before being repackaged. High cards were slightly bent lengthwise.[11] Hill's Card sharks were introduced to the tables by Aspinall; they could read the whether a card was high, low or an unbent zero card (10 to king) thus gaining a 60-40 edge.[1] The final stage involved "skimming" the profits from the table to avoid attention. On the first night of the operation, the tax-free winnings for the house were £14,000, (2007: £280,000).[11]
John Burke quit in late 1965, a year into the scam. [12] He had been tipped off about an investigation but Aspinall was determined to carry on.[13] However Aspinall no longer had someone to deal with "the dirty end" of the operation. After two years operation the Big Edge was closed. Hill respected Aspinall's decision and the two parted.
[edit] Churchills
Billy Hill was also involved in property development. He bought for Gyp the biggest nightclub in Tangier, Churchills, which she ran from 1966 until the mid-1970s. Billy retired from crime in the 1970s and died peacefully on January 1, 1984.
In 1963 Mickey Spillane was playing Mike Hammer in The Girl Hunters in London where he met Hill and showed him around the set. When the prop department couldn't find Spillane a real M1911 pistol, Hill brought the producers several real pistols to use in the film.[14]
Billy's only child Justin Hill republished Hill's memoirs in December 2008 with a modern introduction and never-before-seen photographs.
[edit] Notes
- ^ a b c Hiscock, John. Gangsters in a class of their own ..., The Daily Telegraph 21 February 2009
- ^ The Guardian; 26 January 1995; Final curtain for robber who got away
- ^ Duncan Campbell, When crime grabbed the limelight, The Guardian, 30 July 2008, retrieved 2012-01-29
- ^ Richard Hobbs, ‘Kray brothers (act. 1926–2000)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Sept 2004
- ^ The Times, Bench Of The Honourable Society Of Lincoln's Inn Charges Against Barrister In Re Marrinan, 28 June 1957
- ^ Law Gazette
- ^ Allen of Abbeydale, "Newsam, Sir Frank Aubrey (1893–1964)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, September 2004; online edn., January 2008, accessed 12 June 2009.
- ^ "Mr. Butler's Promise On Telephone Tapping", The Times, 8 June 1957, p. 6.
- ^ "Mr. Marrinan Disbarred", The Times, 4 July 1957, p. 10.
- ^ "'Tapping' Inquiry By Privy Councillors", The Times, 29 June 1957, p. 6.
- ^ a b c d "Secrets of the Clermont con". Daily Mail. 2007-07-23. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/home/books/article-470386/Secrets-Clermont-con.html. Retrieved 2009-05-02.
- ^ a b Hiscock, John (2009-02-24). "The Real Casino Royale: gangsters in a class of their own". London: Daily Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/4735580/The-Real-Casino-Royale-gangsters-in-a-class-of-their-own.html. Retrieved 2009-05-02.
- ^ Roberts, Glenys. Bent cards, the Chancellor's granny and the Mayfair hustler Daily Mail 8 July 2011
- ^ http://www.crimetime.co.uk/interviews/mickeyspillane.php
[edit] References
- Hill B, "Boss of Britain's Underworld", [Billy Hill Family Ltd.][1], United Kingdom, December 2008
