Bréguet 270

270
	Breguet 274 with Gnome-Rhône 14K (Mistral Major) 900 HP engine
Role	Reconnaissance aircraft
Manufacturer	Breguet
Designer	Marcel Vuillierme, Rene Dorand
First flight	23 February 1929
Introduction	1930
Retired	1939
Primary users	Armée de l'Air; Venezuelan Air Force and China
Number built	over 227

The Breguet 27 was a 1930s French biplane military reconnaissance aircraft, built for the Armée de l'Air (French Air Force) and for export to Venezuela and China.

Design and development

The Bréguet 27 was designed in response to a 1928 request for proposals by the Armée de l'Air for a two-seat observation aircraft to replace the Bréguet 19.^[1] Bréguet submitted a large all-metal sesquiplane with an unusual fuselage that ended abruptly, aft of the two open cockpits. The empennage was mounted on a boom behind the fuselage. Construction was largely of steel tubing with non-structural aluminium alloy sheeting and fabric covering for wings and empennage.

The prototype exhibited mediocre performance during flight trials. Nonetheless the military placed orders for 85 aircraft in 1930 and 45 in 1932, this latter batch having a more powerful engine fitted. Two high-altitude reconnaissance versions were also built as the Breguet 33, but these did not lead to further production.

Operational history

Breguet 27s continued in military service through the outbreak of World War II, still equipping three Groupes at the time of the initial German offensive. After they began suffering combat losses, the Army withdrew all remaining examples from service.

The two Breguet 33 high-altitude reconnaissance prototypes were used to make significant long-distance flights. The first aircraft was flown from Paris to Hanoi in January 1932 by Paul Codos and Henri Robida in 7 days, 9 hours and 50 minutes, and back again in just 3 days 4 hours and 17 minutes. The second aircraft (christened Joé III) was flown by Maryse Hilsz on a tour of Asia, visiting Calcutta, Saigon, Hanoi, and Tokyo before returning to Paris via Saigon, eventually covering around 35,000 km (22,000 mi). Hilsz also won the 1936 Coupe Héléne Boucher flying a Breguet 27 at an average speed of 277 km/h (172 mph).

The French army ordered 85 270s in 1930. In 1932, 45 Breguet 271s, with a more powerful 484 kW (650 hp) engine, and larger useful load were ordered. Older 270s were modified for VIP liaison duties.

Variants

Breguet 27S: A single Bre.27S was constructed, modified from the Bre.330 No.2, powered by a single Hispano-Suiza 12Nb engine.

Bre.270: Prototypes (ten built) and initial production version (143 built) powered by a single Hispano-Suiza 12Hb engine.^[2]

Bre.271: Version powered by the Hispano-Suiza 12Y engine, 45 built.

Bre.272: Version powered by the Gnome-Rhône 9Kdrs engine, two built.

Bre.272TOE: (Théatres des Operations Extérieures) Version optimised for harsh colonial conditions with Renault 9Fas radial engine, 1 built.

Bre.273: Reconnaissance-bomber variant for export, powered by a Hispano-Suiza 12Ybrs engine, 13 built and one converted from a Bre 270. Ten more were built for China powered by Hispano-Suiza 12Ydrs engines, with three also being modified from Hispano-Suiza 12Ybrs powered versions.

Bre.274: Version powered by the Gnome-Rhône 14Kdrs engine, raced by Maryse Hilsz in 1936, one built.

Bre.330: High-altitude version of Breguet 27 with Hispano-Suiza 12Nb engine, one later redesignated Bre.27S, two built.

Bre.330.01: Second Bre.330 prototype optimised for long-duration flight.

Operators

Brazil

Brazilian Air Force received small batch of Bre.270 aircraft.

China

Chinese Nationalist Air Force received six Bre.273 aircraft.

France

Armée de l'Air received 85 Bre.270 designated Bre.270A.2 and 45 Bre.271 designated Bre.271A.2.

Venezuela

Venezuelan Air Force operated three Bre.270 aircraft and 15 Bre.273 aircraft.

Specifications (Bre.270A.2)

Data from ^[3]

General characteristics

Crew: two, pilot and observer
Length: 9.76 m (32 ft 0 in)
Upper wingspan: 17.01 m (55 ft 10 in)
Lower wingspan: 7.58 m (24 ft 10 in)
Height: 3.58 m (11 ft 9 in)
Wing area: 49.67 m² (534.6 sq ft)
Empty weight: 1,676 kg (3,695 lb)
Gross weight: 2,550 kg (5,622 lb)
Max takeoff weight: 2,900 kg (6,393 lb)
Fuel capacity: 490 L (130 US gal; 110 imp gal) (maximum)
Powerplant: 1 × Hispano-Suiza 12Hb water-cooled V12 engine, 370 kW (500 hp)
Propellers: 2-bladed Bréguet, 3.05 m (10 ft 0 in) diameter

Performance

Maximum speed: 236 km/h (147 mph, 127 kn)
Range: 1,000 km (620 mi, 540 nmi)
Service ceiling: 7,750 m (25,430 ft) (absolute ceiling)
Time to altitude:
- 6 min 10 s to 2,000 m (6,600 ft)
- 29 min to 6,000 m (20,000 ft)

Armament

Guns:
- 1 × fixed, forward-firing 7.7 mm (.303 in) Vickers machine gun
- 1 × trainable, rearward-firing 7.7 mm (.303 in) Lewis Guns for observer
Bombs: 12 × 10 kg (22 lb) bombs

References

Notes

^ Cortet & Moulin Avions June 2002, p. 7
^ Donald, David, ed. (1997). The Encyclopedia of World Aircraft. Prospero Books. p. 118. ISBN 1-85605-375-X.
^ Cortet & Moulin Avions September 2002, pp. 34–36

Bibliography

Cony, Christophe; Cortet, Pierre; Moulin, Jacques (October 2002). "Premier des "tout acier", le Bréguet 270 et sa descendance: 4 / De la "drôle du guerre" à la campagne de France". Avions (in French). No. 115. pp. 20–33.
Cony, Christophe; Cortet, Pierre; Moulin, Jacques (November 2002). "Les Bréguet 27 à l'étranger". Avions (in French). No. 116. pp. 41–51.
Cortet, Pierre; Moulin, Jacques (June 2002). "Premier des "tout acier", le Bréguet 270 et sa descendance". Avions (in French). No. 111. pp. 7–14.
Cortet, Pierre; Moulin, Jacques (August 2002). "Premier des "tout acier", le Bréguet 270 et sa descendance". Avions (in French). No. 113. pp. 18–27.
Cortet, Pierre; Moulin, Jacques (September 2002). "Premier des "tout acier", le Bréguet 270 et sa descendance: 3 / L'entre-deux-guerres". Avions (in French). No. 114. pp. 34–47.
Cortet, Pierre; Moulin, Jacques (December 2002). "Breguet 330 : Les derniers "tout acier"". Avions (in French). No. 117. pp. 47–51.
Taylor, Michael J. H. (1989). Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation. London: Studio Editions. p. 199.
World Aircraft Information Files. London: Bright Star Publishing. pp. File 890 Sheet 81.

External links

[Aviafrance.com Breguet]

[1] Cortet & Moulin Avions June 2002, p. 7

[EWA-2] Donald, David, ed. (1997). The Encyclopedia of World Aircraft. Prospero Books. p. 118. ISBN 1-85605-375-X.

[av903p34-6-3] Cortet & Moulin Avions September 2002, pp. 34–36

[1]

[2]

[3]

v t e Breguet aircraft
Early types	Aerhydroplane Gyroplane Type I Type II Type III Type IV Type V Type A Type G Type U LE
Model numbers	4 5 6 11 12 14 16 17 19 20 21 22 25 26T 27 270 271 273 274 280T 390T 392T 393T 410 460 462 470 482 500 521 522 530 610 670 690 691 693 694 695 696 730 731 761 763 765 790 791 792 890 891 892 893 894 895 900 901 902 904 905 906 940 941 960 1001 1002 1004 1050 1100 1150
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Helicopters	Gyroplane Gyroplane Laboratoire G.11E G.111