Charles, Grand Duke of Baden
Charles, Grand Duke of Baden | |
|---|---|
 Charles, Grand Duke of Baden | |
| Born | 8 July 1786 Karlsruhe |
| Died | 8 December 1818 (aged 32) Karlsruhe |
| Noble family | House of Zähringen |
| Spouse(s) | Stéphanie de Beauharnais |
| Father | Charles Louis, Hereditary Prince of Baden |
| Mother | Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt |
Charles, Grand Duke of Baden (Karl Ludwig Friedrich; 8 July 1786, Karlsruhe[1] – 8 December 1818, Rastatt[1]) became ruler of Baden on June 11, 1811 and ruled until his death. He was born in Karlsruhe.
Life
His father was Charles Louis, Hereditary Prince of Baden, the heir to the Margraviate of Baden, which was raised to a grand duchy after the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806. His mother was Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt, the daughter of Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt. He was the brother-in-law of the rulers of Bavaria, Russia and Sweden. His eldest sister Caroline was the queen consort of Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria, his second eldest sister Louise was the Empress consort of Alexander I of Russia and his third eldest sister Frederica was the queen consort of Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden.
At the age of 15, Charles went on a journey to visit his sisters in their courts in St. Petersburg and Stockholm. He was on his way home with his father, when his father died in a fall from his coach on December 15, 1801. Charles was a witness to this accident.[1]
Due to the strong influence of France on the court of Baden, Charles was forced to marry, Stéphanie de Beauharnais, adopted daughter of Napoléon I of France in Paris on April 8, 1806. This despite his own protests and those of his mother and sisters. Charles apparently preferred the hand of his cousin Princess Augusta of Bavaria. It would be 5 years before the couple would produce an heir.[1]
Charles went to war in 1807 as head of the Baden contingent under Marshal Lefebvre. There he took part in the siege of Danzig.[1]
In 1808, Charles returned to the side of his grandfather. His grandfather's age was beginning to show and Charles became coregent. Charles was 25 years old when he succeeded his grandfather Charles Frederick upon the latters death on June 11, 1811.[1]
Events that occurred during his reign
- The end of Napoleon I's rule and the Congress of Vienna, which confirmed the territorial gains Baden had made during the Napoleonic era.
- 1818 The passing of a new, liberal constitution
- The height of Friedrich Weinbrenner's career
- 1817 The start of the administration of the Rhine by Johann Gottfried Tulla
- The premiere of the velocipede by Karl Drais
Marriage and family
Hereditary Prince Karl married Stéphanie de Beauharnais (August 28, 1789 – January 29, 1860), daughter of Claude de Beauharnais in Paris on April 8, 1806. Their children:
- Louise (June 5, 1811 – July 19, 1854) married her first cousin Gustav of Sweden (November 9, 1799 – August 4, 1877) on November 9, 1830.
- Unnamed son (September 29, 1812 – October 16, 1812)
- Josephine (October 21, 1813 – June 19, 1900) married Karl Anton of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (September 7, 1811 – June 2, 1885) on October 21, 1834.
- Alexander (May 1, 1816 – May 8, 1817)
- Marie (October 11, 1817 – October 17, 1888) married William Hamilton, 11th Duke of Hamilton (February 15, 1811 – July 15, 1863) on February 23, 1843
As Grand Duke Charles did not have any surviving male children, upon his death in Rastatt, he was succeeded by his uncle Louis I. It has been speculated that the foundling Kaspar Hauser was his son, and therefore the actual hereditary prince, a claim now established as false.