Dipterocarpus
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (May 2012) |
| Dipterocarpus Temporal range:
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| Dipterocarpus bourdillonii sapling from Peravoor | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Malvales |
| Family: | Dipterocarpaceae |
| Subfamily: | Dipterocarpoideae |
| Genus: | Dipterocarpus C.F.Gaertn. |
Dipterocarpus is a genus of flowering plants and the type genus of family Dipterocarpaceae.
Dipterocarpus is the third-largest and most diverse genus among the Dipterocarpaceae. The species are well known for timber, but less acknowledged for use in traditional herbal medicine.[1] The genus has about 70 species,[2] occurring in South Asia and Southeast Asia, from Sri Lanka and India to the Philippines.[3] It is an important component of dipterocarp forests. Its generic name comes from Greek and means "two-winged fruits".
The greatest diversity of Dipterocarpus species occurs on Borneo, with many endemic to the island. The oldest fossil of the genus, and Dipterocarpaceae, is from the latest Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Intertrappean Beds of India.[4]
Uses
The genus is of considerable importance as timber trees, sold under the trade name Keruing, although not as important as Shorea species. D. turbinatus, gurjan, is a major commercial timber species found in the Andaman islands. Gurjan wood is very important for making plywood.
Selected species
Species include:[2]
- Dipterocarpus acutangulus
- Dipterocarpus alatus
- Dipterocarpus applanatus
- Dipterocarpus baudii
- Dipterocarpus borneensis
- Dipterocarpus bourdillonii
- Dipterocarpus caudatus
- Dipterocarpus caudiferus
- Dipterocarpus chartaceus
- Dipterocarpus cinereus
- Dipterocarpus concavus
- Dipterocarpus condorensis
- Dipterocarpus confertus
- Dipterocarpus conformis
- Dipterocarpus coriaceus
- Dipterocarpus cornutus
- Dipterocarpus costatus
- Dipterocarpus costulatus
- Dipterocarpus crinitus
- Dipterocarpus cuspidatus
- Dipterocarpus dyeri
- Dipterocarpus elongatus
- Dipterocarpus eurynchus
- Dipterocarpus fagineus
- Dipterocarpus fusiformis
- Dipterocarpus geniculatus
- Dipterocarpus glabrigemmatus
- Dipterocarpus glandulosus
- Dipterocarpus globosus
- Dipterocarpus gracilis
- Dipterocarpus grandiflorus, the wood is sold as keruing timber
- Dipterocarpus hasseltii
- Dipterocarpus hispidus
- Dipterocarpus humeratus
- Dipterocarpus indicus
- Dipterocarpus insignis
- Dipterocarpus intricatus
- Dipterocarpus kerrii, the wood is sold as keruing timber
- Dipterocarpus kunstleri
- Dipterocarpus lamellatus
- Dipterocarpus littoralis
- Dipterocarpus lowii
- Dipterocarpus megacarpus
- Dipterocarpus mundus
- Dipterocarpus nudus
- Dipterocarpus oblongifolius
- Dipterocarpus obtusifolius
- Dipterocarpus ochraceus
- Dipterocarpus orbicularis
- Dipterocarpus pachyphyllus
- Dipterocarpus palembanicus
- Dipterocarpus perakensis
- Dipterocarpud pseudocornutus
- Dipterocarpus retusus
- Dipterocarpus rigidus
- Dipterocarpus rotundifolius
- Dipterocarpus sarawakensis, locally called the Sarawak keruing
- Dipterocarpus semivestitus
- Dipterocarpus stellatus
- Dipterocarpus sublamellatus
- Dipterocarpus tempehes
- Dipterocarpus tuberculatus
- Dipterocarpus turbinatus, the wood is sold as keruing timber
- Dipterocarpus validus
- Dipterocarpus verrucosus
- Dipterocarpus zeylanicus
References
- ^ Christophe Wiart (2006). Medicinal Plants of the Asia-Pacific: Drugs for the Future?. World Scientific.
- ^ a b "The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species".
- ^ Ashton, P. S. (2003), Kubitzki, Klaus; Bayer, Clemens (eds.), "Dipterocarpaceae", Flowering Plants · Dicotyledons: Malvales, Capparales and Non-betalain Caryophyllales, The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 182–197, doi:10.1007/978-3-662-07255-4_20, ISBN 978-3-662-07255-4, retrieved 2021-07-02
- ^ Khan, Mahasin Ali; Spicer, Robert A.; Spicer, Teresa E. V.; Roy, Kaustav; Hazra, Manoshi; Hazra, Taposhi; Mahato, Sumana; Kumar, Sanchita; Bera, Subir (2020-11-03). "Dipterocarpus (Dipterocarpaceae) leaves from the K-Pg of India: a Cretaceous Gondwana presence of the Dipterocarpaceae". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 306 (6): 90. doi:10.1007/s00606-020-01718-z. ISSN 1615-6110.
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