Endogonales

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Endogonales
The fungus Endogone pisiformus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Mucoromycota
Subdivision: Mucoromycotina
Moreau ex R.K. Benj
Order: Endogonales
Jacz. & P.A.Jacz.[1]
Families
  • Endogonaceae
  • Densosporaceae

Endogonales is an order of fungi within the phylum of Zygomycota,[2] and in class Endogonomycetes.[3][4]

It contains 2 families; Endogonaceae, with 6 genera and 38 species and Densosporaceae, with one genera and 4 species.[3]

History[edit]

The Endogales were originally formed to hold a single family, the Endogonaceae, which comprised 15 species in four genera (Endogone, Peridiospora, Sclerogone, and Youngiomyces). They were transferred to the phylum Glomeromycota to Zygomycetes.[5] Then they were placed in Zygomycotina.[6] They were placed in the subphylum Mucoromycotina in 2017 and genus Youngiomyces was synonymized with genus Endogone.[7] They were then placed in the monotypic class Endogonomycetes.[4]

Genera[edit]

Endogonaceae Paol.;[8]

  • Endogone Link (26 species)
  • Jimgerdemannia Trappe, Desirò, M.E. Sm., Bonito & Bidartondo (3: Jimgerdemannia ambigua Koh. Yamam., Degawa & A. Yamada (2020), Jimgerdemannia flammicorona (Trappe & Gerd.) Trappe, Desirò, M.E. Sm., Bonito & Bonito & Bidart. (2017), Jimgerdemannia lactiflua (Berk. & Broome) Trappe, Desirò, M.E. Sm., Bonito & Bidart. (2017))
  • Peridiospora C.G. Wu & Suh J. Lin (2: Peridiospora reticulata C.G. Wu & Suh J. Lin (1997) and Peridiospora tatachia C.G. Wu & Suh J. Lin (1997))
  • Sclerogone Warcup (1: Sclerogone eucalypti Warcup (1990))
  • Sphaerocreas Sacc. & Ellis (4)
  • Vinositunica Koh. Yamam., Degawa & A. Yamada (2: Vinositunica ingens Koh. Yamam., Degawa & A. Yamada (2020) and Vinositunica radiata Koh. Yamam., Degawa & A. Yamada (2020))

Densosporaceae Desirò, M.E. Sm., Bidartondo, Trappe & Bonito;[9]

  • Densospora McGee (4 Species: D. nanospora – D. nuda – D. solicarpa – D. tubiformis)

Note; genus Jimwhitea M. Krings & T.N. Taylor was placed in the Endogonaceae family, but holds only fossils reported from the Middle Triassic formations. So is placed in Ascomycota genera Incertae sedis.[3]

Life cycle[edit]

The life cycle of the Endogonales is distinguished by their production of small sporocarps containing many zygospores, which are eaten by rodents and distributed by their faeces.

They also produce a fetid odour that attracts mammals and encourages them to eat their fruiting bodies, and so spread their spores.[10]

Food[edit]

Like all fungi, they are heterotrophs with some being described as saprobes (with weak evidence).[10]

References[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Endogonales.
Wikispecies has information related to Endogonales.
  1. ^ Jaczewski, A.A.; Jaczewski, P.A. (1931). "Определитель грибов. Совершенные грибы (диплоидные стадии). 3-е изд. [Вып. 1]. Фикомицеты. [Keys to Fungi. Perfect Fungi (diploid stages).". In Doweld, Alexander (ed.). Phycomycetes (in Russian) (3 ed.). Moscow-Leningrad: Gosudarstvennoe Izdateľstvo sel'skokhozjaistvennoj i kolkhozno-kooperativnoj literatury. p. 294.
  2. ^ Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi (10th ed.). Wallingford: CABI. p. 233. ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8.
  3. ^ a b c Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, Laith Khalil Tawfeeq; Somayeh, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; et al. (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere. 11: 1060–1456. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8. hdl:10481/61998.
  4. ^ a b Doweld, A.B. (2014). "Nomenclatural novelties: Endogonomycetes cl. nov". Index fungorum. 57: 1.
  5. ^ Voigt, K.; Kirk, P.M. (2014). "FUNGI | Classification of Zygomycetes". In Batt, Carl A.; Tortorello, Mary Lou (eds.). Encyclopedia of Food Microbiology (2nd ed.). Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-384733-1.
  6. ^ Yao, Y.J.; Pegler, D.N.; Young, T.W.K. (1995). "Youngiomyces, a new genus in Endogonales (Zygomycotina)". Kew Bulletin. 50: 349–357.
  7. ^ Desirò, Alessandro; Rimington, William R.; Jacob, Alison; Pol, Natalie Vande; Smith, Matthew E.; Trappe, James M.; Bidartondo, Martin I.; Bonito, Gregory (December 2017). "Multigene phylogeny of Endogonales, an early diverging lineage of fungi associated with plants". IMA Fungus. 8 (2): 245–257. doi:10.5598/imafungus.2017.08.02.03. hdl:10044/1/55563. PMID 29242774.
  8. ^ "Family Names". www.speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved 5 October 2022.
  9. ^ "Family Names". www.speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved 5 October 2022.
  10. ^ a b C.J. Alexopolous, Charles W. Mims, M. Blackwell et al., Introductory Mycology, 4th ed. (John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken NJ, 2004) ISBN 0-471-52229-5


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