Esh (letter)
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Ʃ | |
---|---|
Ʃ ʃ | |
(See below) | |
Usage | |
Writing system | Latin script |
Type | Alphabetic and Logographic |
Language of origin | Latin language |
Sound values | [ʃ] /ˈɛʃ/ |
In Unicode | U+01A9, U+0283 |
History | |
Development | |
Time period | 1847 to present |
Descendants | None |
Sisters | Š ſ Ꚃ Ѕ С Ш Щ Ҫ Ԍ ש ش ܫ س ࠔ 𐎘 𐡔 ሠ ㅅ (disputed) ㅆ (disputed) Ս ս श स શ સ |
Variations | (See below) |
Other | |
Associated graphs | s(x), sh, š |
Writing direction | Left-to-Right |
Esh (majuscule: Ʃ Unicode U+01A9, minuscule: ʃ Unicode U+0283) is a character used in conjunction with the Latin script, which represents the voiceless postalveolar fricative (English sh).
Form, usage, and history
Its lowercase form ʃ is similar to a long s ſ or an integral sign ∫; in 1928 the Africa Alphabet borrowed the Greek letter sigma for the uppercase form Ʃ, but more recently the African reference alphabet discontinued it, using the lowercase esh only. The lowercase form was introduced by Isaac Pitman in his 1847 Phonotypic Alphabet to represent the voiceless postalveolar fricative (English sh). It is today used in the alphabets of some African languages, as well as in the International Phonetic Alphabet.
The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) uses U+0283 ʃ LATIN SMALL LETTER ESH to represent a voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant. Related obsolete IPA characters include U+01AA ƪ LATIN LETTER REVERSED ESH LOOP, U+0285 ʅ LATIN SMALL LETTER SQUAT REVERSED ESH, and U+0286 ʆ LATIN SMALL LETTER ESH WITH CURL.
U+AB4D ꭍ LATIN SMALL LETTER BASELINE ESH is used in the Teuthonista phonetic transcription system.[1]
Variations of esh are used for other phonetic transcription:[2] ᶋ ᶘ ʃ.
U+1DF0B 𝼋 LATIN SMALL LETTER ESH WITH DOUBLE BAR and U+1DF0C 𝼌 LATIN SMALL LETTER ESH WITH DOUBLE BAR AND CURL are used as click letters.[3][4]
See also
- Long s (the character ſ)
- Sigma (the Greek character σ)
- Sz (digraph)
- Sh (digraph)
- Sch (trigraph)
- Sci (trigraph)
- Sc (digraph)
- Ch (digraph)
- Š
- Ş
- Sha (the Cyrillic letter)
- ഽ (Praslesham)
References
- ^ Everson, Michael; Dicklberger, Alois; Pentzlin, Karl; Wandl-Vogt, Eveline (2011-06-02). "L2/11-202: Revised proposal to encode "Teuthonista" phonetic characters in the UCS" (PDF).
- ^ Constable, Peter (2004-04-19). "L2/04-132 Proposal to add additional phonetic characters to the UCS" (PDF).
- ^ Miller, Kirk; Sands, Bonny (2020-07-10). "L2/20-115R: Unicode request for additional phonetic click letters" (PDF).
- ^ Anderson, Deborah (2020-12-07). "L2/21-021: Reference doc numbers for L2/20-266R "Consolidated code chart of proposed phonetic characters" and IPA etc. code point and name changes" (PDF).