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Evan Hunter

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Evan Hunter
Hunter in March 2001
Hunter in March 2001
BornSalvatore Albert Lombino[1]
(1926-10-15)October 15, 1926
New York City, U.S.
DiedJuly 6, 2005(2005-07-06) (aged 78)
Weston, Connecticut, U.S.
Pen nameJohn Abbott, Curt Cannon, Hunt Collins, Ezra Hannon, Ed McBain, Richard Marsten, others
Occupation
  • Novelist
  • short story writer
  • screenwriter
Period1951–2005
GenreCrime fiction, mystery fiction, pornography, science fiction
Notable works87th Precinct series
SpouseAnita Melnick, 1949 (divorced)
Mary Vann Finley, 1973 (divorced)
Dragica Dimitrijevic, 1997 (until his death)
Children3 sons; 1 stepdaughter

Evan Hunter, born Salvatore Albert Lombino,(October 15, 1926 – July 6, 2005) was an American author and screenwriter best known for his 87th Precinct novels, written under his Ed McBain pen name, and the novel upon which the film Blackboard Jungle was based.

Hunter, who legally adopted that name in 1952, also used the pen names John Abbott, Curt Cannon, Hunt Collins, Ezra Hannon, and Richard Marsten, among others. His 87th Precinct novels have become staples of the police procedural genre.

Life

Early life

Salvatore Lombino was born and raised in New York City. He lived in East Harlem until age 12, when his family moved to the Bronx. He attended Olinville Junior High School (later Richard R. Green Middle School #113), then Evander Childs High School (now Evander Childs Educational Campus), before winning an Art Students League scholarship. Later, he was admitted as an art student at Cooper Union. Lombino served in the United States Navy during World War II and wrote several short stories while serving aboard a destroyer in the Pacific. However, none of these stories was published until after he had established himself as an author in the 1950s.

After the war, Lombino returned to New York and attended Hunter College, where he majored in English and psychology, with minors in dramatics and education, and graduated Phi Beta Kappa in 1950.[2] He published a weekly column in the Hunter College newspaper as "S.A. Lombino". In 1981, Lombino was inducted into the Hunter College Hall of Fame, where he was honored for outstanding professional achievement.[3]

While looking to start a career as a writer, Lombino took a variety of jobs, including 17 days as a teacher at Bronx Vocational High School in September 1950. This experience would later form the basis for his novel The Blackboard Jungle (1954), written under the pen name Evan Hunter, which was adapted into the film Blackboard Jungle (1955).

In 1951, Lombino took a job as an executive editor for the Scott Meredith Literary Agency, working with authors such as Poul Anderson, Arthur C. Clarke, Lester del Rey, Richard S. Prather, and P.G. Wodehouse. He made his first professional short story sale that same year, a science-fiction tale titled "Welcome, Martians!", credited to S. A. Lombino.[4]

Name change and pen names

Soon after his initial sale, Lombino sold stories under the pen names Evan Hunter and Hunt Collins. The name Evan Hunter is generally believed to have been derived from two schools he attended, Evander Childs High School and Hunter College, although the author himself would never confirm that. (He did confirm that Hunt Collins was derived from Hunter College.) Lombino legally changed his name to Evan Hunter in May 1952, after an editor told him that a novel he wrote would sell more copies if credited to Evan Hunter than to S. A. Lombino. Thereafter, he used the name Evan Hunter both personally and professionally.

Evan Hunter c. 1953

As Evan Hunter, he gained notice with his novel The Blackboard Jungle (1954) dealing with juvenile crime and the New York City public school system. The film adaptation followed in 1955.

During this era, Hunter also wrote a great deal of genre fiction. He was advised by his agents that publishing too much fiction under the Hunter byline, or publishing any crime fiction as Evan Hunter, might weaken his literary reputation. Consequently, during the 1950s Hunter used the pseudonyms Curt Cannon, Hunt Collins, and Richard Marsten for much of his crime fiction. A prolific author in several genres, Hunter also published approximately two dozen science fiction stories and four science-fiction novels between 1951 and 1956 under the names S. A. Lombino, Evan Hunter, Richard Marsten, D. A. Addams, and Ted Taine.

Ed McBain, his best known pseudonym, was first used with Cop Hater (1956), the first novel in the 87th Precinct crime series. Hunter revealed that he was McBain in 1958 but continued to use the pseudonym for decades, notably for the 87th Precinct series and the Matthew Hope detective series. He retired the pen names Addams, Cannon, Collins, Marsten, and Taine around 1960. From then on crime novels were generally attributed to McBain and other sorts of fiction to Hunter. Reprints of crime-oriented stories and novels written in the 1950s previously attributed to other pseudonyms were reissued under the McBain byline. Hunter stated that the division of names allowed readers to know what to expect: McBain novels had a consistent writing style, while Hunter novels were more varied.

Under the Hunter name, novels steadily appeared throughout the 1960s, 1970s, and early 1980s, including Come Winter (1973) and Lizzie (1984). Hunter was also successful as screenwriter for film and television. He wrote the screenplay for the Hitchcock film The Birds (1963), loosely adapted from Daphne du Maurier's eponymous 1952 novelette. Following The Birds, Hunter was again hired by Hitchcock to complete an in-progress script adapting Winston Graham's novel Marnie. However, Hunter and the director disagreed on how to treat the novel's rape scene, and the writer was sacked.[5] Hunter's other screenplays included Strangers When We Meet (1960), based on his own 1958 novel; and Fuzz (1972), based on his eponymous 1968 87th Precinct novel, which he had written as Ed McBain.

After having 13 87th Precinct novels published from 1956 to 1960, further 87th Precinct novels appeared at a rate of approximately one a year until his death. Additionally, NBC ran a police drama called 87th Precinct during the 1961–62 season, based on McBain's work.

From 1978 to 1998, McBain published a series about lawyer Matthew Hope; books in this series appeared every year or two, and usually had titles derived from well-known children's stories. For about a decade, from 1984 to 1994, Hunter published no fiction under his own name. In 2000, a novel called Candyland appeared that was credited to both Hunter and McBain. The two-part novel opened in Hunter's psychologically based narrative voice before switching to McBain's customary police procedural style.

Aside from McBain, Hunter used at least two other pseudonyms for his fiction after 1960: Doors (1975), which was originally attributed to Ezra Hannon before being reissued as a work by McBain, and Scimitar (1992), which was credited to John Abbott.

Hunter gave advice to other authors in his article "Dig in and get it done: no-nonsense advice from a prolific author (aka Ed McBain) on starting and finishing your novel". In it, he advised authors to "find their voice for it is the most important thing in any novel".[6]

Dean Hudson controversy

Hunter was long rumored to have written an unknown number of pornographic novels, as Dean Hudson, for William Hamling's publishing houses. Hunter himself adamantly and consistently denied writing any books as Hudson right up to his death. However, apparently his agent Scott Meredith sold books to Hamling's company as Hunter's work and received payments for these books in cash. While notable, this in and of itself is not definitive proof: Meredith almost certainly forwarded novels to Hamling by any number of authors, claiming these novels were by Hunter simply to make a sale. Ninety-three novels were published under the Hudson name between 1961 and 1969, and even the most avid proponents of the Hunter-as-Hudson theory do not believe Hunter is responsible for all 93.[7][8]

Personal life

He had three sons: Richard Hunter, an author, speaker, advisor to CIOs on business value and risk issues, and harmonica player;[citation needed] Mark Hunter, an academic, educator, investigative reporter, and author;[citation needed] and Ted Hunter, a painter, who died in 2006.[9]

Death

A heavy smoker for many decades, Hunter had three heart attacks over a number of years (his first in 1987) and needed a heart operation.[10] A precancerous lesion was found on his larynx in 1992. This was removed, but the problem later returned, and Hunter died from laryngeal cancer in 2005, aged 78, in Weston, Connecticut.[11]

Awards

  • Edgar Award nomination for Best Short Story, "The Last Spin" (Manhunt, Sept. 1956)
  • Edgar Award nomination Archived 2012-08-28 at the Wayback Machine for Best Motion Picture, The Birds (1964)
  • Edgar Award nomination for Best Short Story, "Sardinian Incident" (Playboy, Oct. 1971)
  • Grand Master, Mystery Writers of America (1986)
  • Diamond Dagger, British Crime Writers Assn (first American recipient, 1998)
  • Anthony Award nomination for Best Series of the Century (2000)
  • Edgar Award nomination for Best Novel, Money, Money, Money (2002)

Works

Hunter's "Silent Partner" was the cover story on the August 1952 issue of Science Fiction Quarterly, credited to S. A. Lombino

Novels

Year Title Credited
author		 Series Notes
1952 Find The Feathered Serpent Evan Hunter YA novel
1952 The Evil Sleep! Evan Hunter Reprinted in 1956 as "So Nude, So Dead" under the name Richard Marsten[12]
1953 Don't Crowd Me Evan Hunter
1953 Danger: Dinosaurs! Richard Marsten YA novel
1953 Rocket to Luna Richard Marsten YA novel
1954 The Blackboard Jungle Evan Hunter
1954 Runaway Black Richard Marsten Later credited as Ed McBain
1954 Cut Me In Hunt Collins Later republished as The Proposition
1955 Murder in the Navy Richard Marsten Later republished as Death of a Nurse by Ed McBain
1956 Second Ending Evan Hunter
1956 Cop Hater Ed McBain 87th Precinct
1956 The Mugger Ed McBain 87th Precinct
1956 The Pusher Ed McBain 87th Precinct
1956 Tomorrow's World Hunt Collins Later republished as Tomorrow And Tomorrow by Hunt Collins, and as Sphere by Ed McBain
1957 The Con Man Ed McBain 87th Precinct
1957 Killer's Choice Ed McBain 87th Precinct
1957 Vanishing Ladies Richard Marsten Later republished as by Ed McBain
1957 The Spiked Heel Richard Marsten
1958 Strangers When We Meet Evan Hunter
1958 The April Robin Murders Craig Rice and Ed McBain Hunter finished this novel started by Rice, using his McBain pen name.
1958 Killer's Payoff Ed McBain 87th Precinct
1958 Lady Killer Ed McBain 87th Precinct
1958 Even The Wicked Richard Marsten Later republished as by Ed McBain
1958 I'm Cannon—For Hire Curt Cannon Later revised and republished as The Gutter and the Grave by Ed McBain
1959 A Matter of Conviction Evan Hunter
1959 The Remarkable Harry Evan Hunter Children's book
1959 Big Man Richard Marsten Later republished as by Ed McBain
1959 Killer's Wedge Ed McBain 87th Precinct
1959 'til Death Ed McBain 87th Precinct
1959 King's Ransom Ed McBain 87th Precinct
1960 Give the Boys a Great Big Hand Ed McBain 87th Precinct
1960 The Heckler Ed McBain 87th Precinct
1960 See Them Die Ed McBain 87th Precinct
1961 Lady, Lady I Did It! Ed McBain 87th Precinct
1961 Mothers And Daughters Evan Hunter
1961 The Wonderful Button Evan Hunter Children's book
1962 Like Love Ed McBain 87th Precinct
1963 Ten Plus One Ed McBain 87th Precinct
1964 Buddwing Evan Hunter
1964 Ax Ed McBain 87th Precinct
1964 He Who Hesitates Ed McBain 87th Precinct
1965 Doll Ed McBain 87th Precinct
1965 The Sentries Ed McBain
1965 Me And Mr. Stenner Evan Hunter Children's book
1965 Happy New Year, Herbie Evan Hunter
1966 The Paper Dragon Evan Hunter
1966 80 Million Eyes Ed McBain 87th Precinct
1967 A Horse's Head Evan Hunter
1968 Last Summer Evan Hunter
1968 Fuzz Ed McBain 87th Precinct
1969 Sons Evan Hunter
1969 Shotgun Ed McBain 87th Precinct
1970 Jigsaw Ed McBain 87th Precinct This novel was adapted as the Columbo episode "Undercover" in 1994.
1971 Nobody Knew They Were There Evan Hunter
1971 Hail, Hail the Gang's All Here Ed McBain 87th Precinct
1972 Every Little Crook And Nanny Evan Hunter
1972 Let's Hear It for the Deaf Man Ed McBain 87th Precinct
1972 Seven Evan Hunter
1972 Sadie When She Died Ed McBain 87th Precinct
1973 Come Winter Evan Hunter
1973 Hail to the Chief Ed McBain 87th Precinct
1974 Streets Of Gold Evan Hunter
1974 Bread Ed McBain 87th Precinct
1975 Where There's Smoke Ed McBain
1975 Blood Relatives Ed McBain 87th Precinct
1975 Doors Ezra Hannon Later republished as by Ed McBain
1976 So Long as You Both Shall Live Ed McBain 87th Precinct This novel was adapted as the Columbo episode "No Time to Die" in 1992.
1976 The Chisholms Evan Hunter
1976 Guns Ed McBain
1977 Long Time No See Ed McBain 87th Precinct
1978 Goldilocks Ed McBain Matthew Hope
1979 Walk Proud Evan Hunter
1979 Calypso Ed McBain 87th Precinct
1980 Ghosts Ed McBain 87th Precinct
1981 Love, Dad Evan Hunter
1981 Heat Ed McBain 87th Precinct
1981 Rumpelstiltskin Ed McBain Matthew Hope
1982 Beauty & The Beast Ed McBain Matthew Hope
1983 Far From The Sea Evan Hunter
1983 Ice Ed McBain 87th Precinct
1984 Lizzie Evan Hunter
1984 Lightning Ed McBain 87th Precinct
1984 Jack & The Beanstalk Ed McBain Matthew Hope
1984 And All Through the House Ed McBain 87th Precinct Short-story length work, issued (with illustrations) as a limited-edition novel. Reissued in 1994.
1985 Eight Black Horses Ed McBain 87th Precinct
1985 Snow White & Rose Red Ed McBain Matthew Hope
1986 Another Part of the City Ed McBain
1986 Cinderella Ed McBain Matthew Hope
1987 Poison Ed McBain 87th Precinct
1987 Tricks Ed McBain 87th Precinct
1987 Puss in Boots Ed McBain Matthew Hope
1988 The House that Jack Built Ed McBain Matthew Hope
1989 Lullaby Ed McBain 87th Precinct
1990 Vespers Ed McBain 87th Precinct
1990 Three Blind Mice Ed McBain Matthew Hope Adapted as a TV Movie in 2001, starring Brian Dennehy
1991 Downtown Ed McBain
1991 Widows Ed McBain 87th Precinct
1992 Kiss Ed McBain 87th Precinct
1992 Mary, Mary Ed McBain Matthew Hope
1992 Scimitar John Abbott
1993 Mischief Ed McBain 87th Precinct
1994 There Was A Little Girl Ed McBain Matthew Hope
1994 Criminal Conversation Evan Hunter
1995 Romance Ed McBain 87th Precinct
1996 Privileged Conversation Evan Hunter
1996 Gladly The Cross-Eyed Bear Ed McBain Matthew Hope
1997 Nocturne Ed McBain 87th Precinct
1998 The Last Best Hope Ed McBain Matthew Hope
1999 The Big Bad City Ed McBain 87th Precinct
2000 Candyland Evan Hunter and Ed McBain Two-part novel that was billed as a "collaboration" between Hunter and his pseudonym.
2000 Driving Lessons Ed McBain
2000 The Last Dance Ed McBain 87th Precinct
2001 Money, Money, Money Ed McBain 87th Precinct
2002 The Moment She Was Gone Evan Hunter
2002 Fat Ollie's Book Ed McBain 87th Precinct
2003 The Frumious Bandersnatch Ed McBain 87th Precinct
2004 Hark! Ed McBain 87th Precinct
2005 Alice in Jeopardy Ed McBain
2005 Fiddlers Ed McBain 87th Precinct

Collections

Autobiographical

  • 1998: Me & Hitch! (by Evan Hunter)
  • 2005: Let's Talk (by Evan Hunter)

Plays

Screenplays

Teleplays

As editor

Incomplete novels

  • Becca in Jeopardy (Near completion at the time of Hunter's death. Apparently to remain unpublished.)

Film adaptations

References

  1. ^ Swirski, Peter (2016-07-15). American Crime Fiction: A Cultural History of Nobrow Literature as Art. Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-30108-2.
  2. ^ "Evan Hunter". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 16 January 2022.
  3. ^ "Alumni Finding Aid" (PDF). Hunter.cuny.edu. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-13. Retrieved 2010-01-28.
  4. ^ McBain, Ed, Learning To Kill, Harvest Books, 2006, pg. xi-xii
  5. ^ Hunter, Evan (1997). "Me and Hitch". Sight & Sound. 7 (6). British Film Institute: 25–37. ISSN 0037-4806.
  6. ^ "Dig in and get it done"; Evan Hunter. The Writer. Boston: Jun 2005. Vol. 118, Issue 6
  7. ^ Kemp, Earl (February 2006). "The Whitewash Jungle". Earl Kemp fanzine.
  8. ^ MacDonald, Erin E. (2012). Ed McBain/Evan Hunter: A Literary Companion. Archived from the original on 2012-01-18. Retrieved 2014-05-04.
  9. ^ "Ted hunter". Omnilexica. Archived from the original on 2018-11-18. Retrieved 2014-01-24.
  10. ^ "In the Psychiatrist's Chair". BBC Radio 4. October 1998.
  11. ^ "Obituary". The New York Times. July 7, 2005.
  12. ^ McBain, Ed (14 July 2015). So Nude, So Dead. Titan Books (US, CA). ISBN 9781783293612. Retrieved 11 September 2018 – via Google Books.
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