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Ferdinand N. Kahler

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Ferdinand N. "Ferd" Kahler, Sr.
Born
Ferdinand Nickolas Kahler, Sr.

(1864-11-20)November 20, 1864
Hermsdorf, Czech Republic
DiedNovember 14, 1927(1927-11-14) (aged 62)
New Albany, Indiana, United States
Occupation(s)Inventor, Entrepreneur

Ferdinand Nickolas 'Ferd' Kahler, Sr. (November 20, 1864 – November 14, 1927) was an American inventor, entrepreneur and automobile pioneer who founded The Kahler Co. in New Albany, Indiana.

He was a manufacturer of wood and lumber products, founded two early American automobile companies and was granted patents by the United States Patent and Trademark Office for his inventions.

Biography

Kahler was born in Hermsdoren, Bohemia (now the Czech Republic). He immigrated to Reading, Pennsylvania in 1881, visited Louisville, Kentucky and moved to nearby New Albany, Indiana in 1884.

Exterior photo of Ferdinand N. Kahler home built in the Airplane Bungalow style on Cedar Bough Place, a private street in New Albany, Indiana.
Exterior photo of Ferdinand N. Kahler home built in the Airplane Bungalow style on Cedar Bough Place, a private street in New Albany, Indiana.

Kahler built the last home constructed on Cedar Bough Place, after having purchased the two lots in 1901.[1] The home was built by 1905[2] in the Airplane Bungalow style of American Craftsman architecture. In 2011, the Kahler home earned a New Albany Historic Preservation Commission "Facelift Award" for "outstanding restoration and rehabilitation."

Kahler was buried in the City Vault on November 17, 1927 and later reinterred in the Kahler family vault, located in New Albany's Fairview Cemetery on April 23, 1929.[3] The Kahler family vault was built by the Peter & Burghard Stone Company of Louisville, Kentucky.[4]

Early woodworking career

Kahler began his career as a bench carpenter, building rail cars, street cars, double-deck cars and their interiors at the American Car and Foundry Co. in nearby Jeffersonville, Indiana.[5] Originally named the Ohio Falls Car Manufacturing Co., this plant was responsible for most of American Car and Foundry Co.'s considerable interurban car production.

In 1904, Kahler is listed as Manager and Bookkeeper of the Henry Klerner Furniture Co. in the New Albany City Directory.[6] By 1905, he was conducting business as "Ferdinand Kahler & Son", advertising "Woodworking Specialties."

He founded The Kahler Co. in New Albany, Indiana in August, 1907, incorporating with a $ 5,000 capitalization. The Articles of Incorporation mention "manufacturing table tops and for doing interior work in residences and offices."[7] The company also manufactured custom wooden case goods, ice boxes, folding tables and other products. Early advertising mentions "store fixtures, saloon fixtures, special furniture and anything in the wood line that has to be made to order."[8]

In 1908, Kahler personally oversaw the installation of laboratory furniture The Kahler Co. manufactured In its New Albany plant for use in the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Omaha, Nebraska and Nashville, Tennessee USDA Bureau of Chemistry food purity testing laboratories. The contracts had been awarded several months earlier.[9][10]

Kahler's success allowed him to build a new factory in New Albany in 1910. The factory had its own power plant, generating its own electricity. The plant featured highly efficient, direct geared electric motors at each work station instead of the then common practice of using belt driven tools powered by overhead shafts. The Kahler Co. plant had its own dry-kiln and a long rail siding, allowing both inbound and outbound freight to be handled under cover.[11] His rail siding was connected to a rail line that carried freight for four railroad companies allowing Kahler great flexibility in shipping.[12]

Automobile pioneer

Kahler's entry in automobile manufacturing started in 1908 with The Kahler Co. providing the wooden frames and wooden body components for many automobile companies.[13] The company successfully filled an early order for 6,000 automobile bodies earning Kahler credibility within the automobile industry.[14]

The Kahler Co. classified newspaper advertisement - The Courier Journal, Louisville, Kentucky, February 11, 1912
The Kahler Co. Inc. Auto Body Advertisement - b/w magazine ad
The Kahler Co. Inc. Auto Body Advertisement, The Carriage Monthly, March, 1912

In 1911, the Kahler Co. won a contract to build the frames and other wood components of the American Automobile Manufacturing Company automobile being assembled in New Albany, Indiana. Founded in Kansas CIty, Missouri in 1908, the American Automobile Manufacturing Company acquired the Jonz Automobile Company of Beatrice, Nebraska and moved its offices to Louisville, Kentucky in December, 1910, setting up manufacturing by moving its manufacturing equipment to the idle New Albany Woolen Mills factory.[15] The factory buildings were two and three stories in height, located on a six-acre tract on Vincennes Street in New Albany. The factory was reported in 1914 to be "one of the very largest factories in the state of Indiana... and is equipped with machinery, tools, raw materials, parts and accessories for the manufacture of motor cars."[16]

Promising huge potential profits, the company sold $900,000 worth of stock (over 22 million dollars in 2017 equivalent value)[17] and produced a limited number of cars which were marketed as "The Jonz," named after the patented "Jonz 'Tranquil Motor'" developed by the three Jones brothers in Kansas. The American Automobile Manufacturing Company built the two-stroke engine American from 1911 to 1912 in New Albany. The American Automobile Manufacturing Company was reincorporated as The American Automobile Corp. in Arizona on March 13, 1912 with a capitalization of $500,000.[18] That corporation went bankrupt, and Kahler purchased its assets in June, 1912.[19] In December, 1912, he reorganized the company with a capitalization of $450,000, changing the name to Ohio Falls Motor Company, largely to protect the assets of his woodworking business.[20][21]

In June, 1913, the company owed The Kahler Co. $ 3,102. Kahler petitioned the Floyd County Circuit Court to appoint a receiver while allowing the company to continue production during receivership.[22] Kahler purchased the company in November, 1913, paying $ 1,500 in cash and assuming $ 25,000 in outstanding liens against the company.[23] The Ohio Falls Motor Company was dissolved and reincorporated as The Falls City Motor Company.[24][25] Kahler served as president of the new automobile company as well as president of The Kahler Co.[26]

The Falls City Motor Company turned out two lines of hand-assembled "medium-priced gasoline runabout(s)",[27] the Ohio Falls (1913–1914) and the Pilgrim (1913–1914), which retailed for $1,800. Total production of the Pilgrim was about 20 completed cars. The Pilgrim retained the unique hexagonal bonnet (hood) and radiator design from the Jonz automobile. In 1914, the company was declared bankrupt. Kahler, named the receiver of the bankrupt automobile company, closed it and sold the plant for $50,000 to the Crown Motor Car Company (later renamed the Hercules Motor Car Company) headquartered in Louisville.[28] Kahler sold the remaining wood framing material on hand to the Kentucky Wagon Manufacturing Company of Louisville.[29]

In 1915, Kahler used his experience gained from manufacturing and assembling automobiles to become one of eight prime wooden component suppliers to the Ford Motor Company of Detroit, Michigan.[30] The Kahler Co. provided Ford with wooden Model T car frames, floor boards, battery boxes and other components.[31] A serial number preceded by the lhe letters "KA" stamped on a Ford Model T's firewall or front frame member indicates the frame assembly was manufactured at The Kahler Co.'s New Albany factory. Regardless of the manufacturer, all Model T bodies were interchangeable, however the individual parts in a body would not necessarily fit a similar-looking body if it was made by a different manufacturer.[32]

The Kahler Co. Inc. letterhead
The Kahler Co. Inc. letterhead, The Courier Journal, April 22, 1917

The Kahler Co. also produced automobile components to order. In 1913, Kahler was the largest of seven Indiana based claimants against the Maxwell-Briscoe Motor Co. asking a Federal Court in Indianapolis to judge the company bankrupt so the claimants could be paid by a court-appointed receiver.[33][34]

A 1915 Chilton Automobile Directory lists The Kahler Co. as a component manufacturer in multiple categories, including "Dashes - wood, metal bound, veneered and solid, in the white (unfinished) and finished."[35]

In 1922, it was reported the Kahler Co. had been awarded a contract to produce car bodies for the Durant Star automobile.[36]

Factory destroyed and rebuilt

A Postcard Image Showing the Aftermath of 1917 Tornado Damage to The Kahler Co., New Albany, Indiana -

Kahler's factory, located on the corner of Grant Line Road and Vincennes Street in New Albany was destroyed by a tornado on the afternoon of March 23, 1917. The Kahler Co. buildings were reduced to a mass of twisted wreckage and left almost level with the street. Six employees were killed and 15 were injured.[37]

Hearing the factory had been destroyed, Michigan cities petitioned Kahler to relocate near Detroit. Kahler decided to remain in New Albany. Hearing he had decided not to relocate, New Albany bankers offered him "on his own terms, all the money he wanted to put him (Kahler) back in business again." His employees were said to have volunteered to work for less pay "until he got on his feet again."[38] Construction started in May 1917 on a new, spacious manufacturing plant just north of the Monon Railroad "Y".[39] The new plant had 100,000 square feet of floor space, employed as many as three hundred men, and used lumber brought in from Kentucky and Tennessee in amounts up to a million board feet per month.[40] In 1918, Kahler moved to Bay City, Michigan, and for a short time took "active charge of a woodworking plant … manufacturing airplane parts which are shipped to other points for assembling."[41] He had returned by July, 1918, saying he had "organized the working force of an extensive manufacturing concern."[42]

In 1918, Kahler secured a US government contract to build 100,000 tables, Reports claimed the order would "keep his factory busy for six months".[43]

In April 1920, the US rail system suffered a number of strikes. The resulting rail embargo forced the Kahler Co. to temporarily halt production due to the inability to receive raw materials and make shipments to Ford in Detroit. Kahler's 185 employees were furloughed.[44] On March 30, 1921, Kahler announced his automobile body factory would "resume operations in full force,"[45] with an order from the Ford Motor Company for 280 automobile bodies per day.[46]

By 1921, The Kahler Co. was exclusively manufacturing wooden "open body" (without doors) automobile frames and components for the Ford Motor Company, and had an annual production capacity of 93,000 car frames, many shipped directly from the New Albany factory to the Louisville, Kentucky Ford Assembly Plant (then located at Third Street and Eastern Parkway) for use in Model T production.[47]

Entrepreneur

Banking

In May, 1902, Kahler was one of the original investors in the Union Savings Association (later the Union Federal Savings and Loan Association), a bank based in New Albany, Indiana. Its initial capital stock was said to be $200,000. Kahler was also a member of the bank's original board of directors.[48]

In June 1915, Kahler was elected a director of the newly formed German-American Bank & Trust Company in New Albany, Indiana. Kahler was one of the 75 original stockholders of the bank. The initial capitalization of the bank was $ 200,000.[49]

Vending Machines

In September, 1914, Kahler capitalized The Electric Machine Company in New Albany, Indiana with a $6,000 investment. Its principal business was the manufacture and sales of electric vending machines.[50]

Production of electrically heated popcorn machines commenced in the kitchen cabinet factory building adjacent to The Kahler Co.'s main factory. By January, 1915, it was reported "contracts have already been made for the distribution of 560 of the machines. Two kinds are made, one a counter machine and the other a vending machine, the latter being a nickel in the slot device."[51]

In January, 1915, Kahler capitalized The Electric Popcorn Machine Company in Indianapolis, Indiana with a $100,000 investment. The business proposed leasing popcorn machines to theaters instead of offering them for outright purchase which Kahler believed "would result in a larger business than if the sales were made outright."[52][53]

Early Automobile Dealer

In July, 1912, Ferdinand N. Kahler placed this newspaper advertisement stating the public could visit The Kahler Co. factory and see three Maxwell car models that were touring the nation as part of that manufacturer's "Indiana Four State Tour".

In July, 1912, Kahler advertised the public could visit The Kahler Co. factory and see three Maxwell car models that were touring the nation as part of that manufacturer's "Indiana Four State Tour".[54]

In September 1916, Kahler was one of three investors who organized the Broadway Motor Sales Company in Louisville, Kentucky for a $3,000 investment "to deal in automobiles, motor trucks, buggies and vehicles generally."[55] It was Louisville's first Chevrolet automobile dealership, selling 124 cars during its first year. Kahler was president of the company.[56] Annual sales at the dealership exceeded $ 1,000,000 by 1925.[57] In 1928, the business was located at the intersection of Brook and Broadway streets in Louisville. A photograph of the storefront may be viewed by accessing the Caufield & Shook Collection at the University of Louisville (Kentucky) Photographic Archives website.

In September, 1920 Kahler incorporated the Liberty Garage and Motor Company with two investors. The company, located on on Pearl Street in New Albany was to sell "automobile trucks and and tractors."[58]

In 1922, Kahler also incorporated The Auto Acceptance Corporation in Louisville, Kentucky.[59]

Early Florida movie theaters

Kahler was a winter resident of West Palm Beach, Florida. In 1927, he founded "West Palm Beach Enterprises, Inc." ultimately building a group of 14 movie theaters in the Palm Beach area. The first was "The Arcade", designed by architect W. Manly King. The Arcade opened in October 1927, at 325 Clematis Street,[60] then "the only first-run Independent theater" in West Palm Beach. The theatre featured 900 Heywood-Wakefield theatre seats said to have "…comfortable springs, at a cost of $12 each." The Arcade also featured a Mighty Wurlitzer organ and one of the first Vitaphone movie sound systems in Florida.

During an elaborate opening ceremony, E. J. Sparks, president of Sparks Enterprises, the company who first managed the West Palm Beach Enterprises theaters said of Kahler "The building of this theatre Is a tribute to Mr. Kahler's unswerving belief in the future of West Palm Beach and Palm Beach. It lakes a man with vision to build when business is dull. He (Kahler) believes absolutely in this community and this theatre stands as a monument to that belief."[61]

In 1933, Kahler's son, Ferdinand N. Kahler, Jr. filed a bankruptcy proceeding against the Stanley Company, the lessors of Kahler's theatre group, claiming he was owed $1,749.99 for back rental, on a basis of a $14,000 annual rental fee. Kahler's actions forced the theaters to close.[62]

Civic Activities

In April, 1915, Kahler petitioned the New Albany City Council for the right to exclusively operate jitney cars within city limits. Kahler offered a $ 1,000 per year fee for such exclusive rights, with the right to renew the contract for five years.[63]

In April 1916, Kahler, acting in his capacity as Secretary of the German-American Realty Company, solicited bids for the construction of its new six-story building in New Albany. Designed by Louisville, Kentucky architects Joseph & Joseph, the building was to be "of steel frame, reinforced concrete, fireproof construction".[64] The building featured its own "isolated electric plant" at a cost of $15,000, including a Fairbanks-Morse 75 horsepower semi-diesel oil motor driven 50 kilowatt, three-phase generator for electricity as well as two twenty-five horsepower oil engines that generated 40 kilowatts for 220-volt lighting.[65] During the construction, plasterers set Macalite hollow tiles, causing bricklayers to walk off of the job. The day after the walkout, the contractor, the Alfred Struck Company of Louisville conceded the point and the bricklayers returned to the job site.[66]

An image of the trade sign for National Ice & Products Co. office in New Albany, Indiana, circa 1921.

In 1921, Kahler was one of five investors who organized the National Ice and Products Co. in New Albany, Indiana for a $60,000 investment.[67] The plant was located at 322 East 15th Street in New Albany.[68]

In August, 1921, Indiana Governor Warren T. McGray appointed Kahler one of three members of a state commission to supervise the construction of monuments at the unmarked graves of former Indiana Governor Ashabel P. Willard (died in office, 1860), former Speaker of the House Michael C. Kerr (US Congress, 1865 - 1876), both buried in Fairview Cemetery in New Albany, Indiana. The Indiana Legislature had appropriated $ 1,000 on March 2, 1921 for the erection of the monuments.[69]

Inventions

Kahler was granted a number of US utility patents for his inventions, among them: US 559,713 "Machine for Cutting Noodles" May 5, 1896;[70] US 635,401 "Extension Platform (for railway cars)" August 29, 1899;[71] US 656,379 "Brake" August 21, 1900.[72]

References

  1. ^ "New Albany". The Courier Journal. Louisville, Kentucky. May 18, 1901.
  2. ^ Caron's Directory of the City of New Albany for 1905 - 1906. New Albany, Indiana: Caron Directory Co.
  3. ^ The Indiana Southern Counties Collection, Fairview Cemetery Volume VII, January 1, 1920 to December 31, 1929, New Albany, Floyd County. New Albany, Indiana: Southern Indiana Genealogical Society.
  4. ^ "PLAN KAHLER MAUSOLEUM". The New Albany Weekly Ledger. New Albany, Indiana. December 2, 1927.
  5. ^ Motor Body, Paint and Trim, Volume 47, March 1912. Retrieved January 11, 2013.
  6. ^ New Albany City Directory, 1903-1904. Retrieved January 23, 2017.
  7. ^ "Items of Interest in New Albany". The Louisville Courier Journal. Louisville, Kentucky. August 30, 1907. Retrieved May 14, 2017.
  8. ^ Wood Craft: A Journal of Woodworking Volumes 8-9 November 1907. Retrieved April 24, 2012.
  9. ^ "Items of Interest from New Albany". The Courier Journal. Louisville, Kentucky. August 21, 1908. Retrieved May 14, 2017.
  10. ^ "Items of Interest from New Albany". The Courier Journal. Louisville, Kentucky. September 15, 1908. Retrieved May 21, 2017.
  11. ^ Motor Body, Paint and Trim, Volume 47, March 1912. Retrieved January 11, 2013.
  12. ^ The Horseless Age: The Automobile Trade Magazine, Volume 24, September 1909. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
  13. ^ Motor Body, Paint and Trim, Volume 47. Retrieved January 11, 2013.
  14. ^ The Carriage Monthly, May 1912. Retrieved May 25, 2017.
  15. ^ Cars: 1895–1965. Retrieved April 24, 2012.
  16. ^ Automobile topics, Volume 34. Retrieved April 28, 2012.
  17. ^ Automotive Industries, Volume 29. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
  18. ^ Poor's Manual of Industrials; Manufacturing, Mining and Miscellaneous Companies. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
  19. ^ Automotive Industries, Volume 26. Retrieved January 10, 2013.
  20. ^ Horseless Age: The Automobile Trade Magazine, Volume 31. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
  21. ^ Automobile Topics, Volume 28. Retrieved January 10, 2013.
  22. ^ "Name Receiver". The Courier Journal. Louisville, Kentucky. June 18, 1913. Retrieved May 14, 2017.
  23. ^ "Items of Interest from New Albany". The Courier Journal. Louisville, Kentucky. November 30, 1913. Retrieved May 15, 2017.
  24. ^ Motor Age, Volume 24. Retrieved May 3, 2012.
  25. ^ "Incorporations". The Indianapolis Star. Indianapolis, Indiana. July 11, 1913. Retrieved March 9, 2012.
  26. ^ Automotive industries, Volume 31. Retrieved April 24, 2012.
  27. ^ The Horseless age. Retrieved April 17, 2015.
  28. ^ Motor Age, Volume 25. Retrieved April 27, 2012.
  29. ^ Horseless Age: The Automobile Trade magazine, Vol. 32. Retrieved April 24, 2012.
  30. ^ "1903 Hays, Austin Depot, Pioneer Town Museum - Cedaredge, CO - Permanent Car Displays on Waymarking.com". Retrieved 23 January 2017.
  31. ^ The Southern Lumberman, Vol. 197. Retrieved April 24, 2012.
  32. ^ "Coachbuilt - C.R. Wilson Body Co". Retrieved April 28, 2012.
  33. ^ Horseless Age: The Automobile Trade Magazine, Volume 31. Retrieved April 20, 2015.
  34. ^ The Motor World, Volume 34. Retrieved April 18, 2015.
  35. ^ Chilton Automobile Directory, October 1915. Retrieved April 28, 2012.
  36. ^ The Southern Lumberman, September 23, 1922. Retrieved April 17, 2015.
  37. ^ Never-To-Be-Forgotten 1917 City Tornado Killed 58 (PDF). Retrieved January 10, 2013.
  38. ^ Dan Walsh, Jr. (July 4, 1920). "New Albany's Come-Back". The Courier Journal. Louisville, Kentucky. Retrieved May 21, 2017.
  39. ^ The American Contractor, Volume 38. Retrieved February 14, 2014.
  40. ^ Miller, Harold Vincent, 1934. The Industrial Development of New Albany, Indiana. PhD dissertation, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
  41. ^ Hardwood Record, Volume 45. Retrieved February 14, 2014.
  42. ^ "Items of Interest From New Albany". The Courier Journal. Louisville, Kentucky. July 21, 1918. Retrieved May 15, 2017.
  43. ^ Hardwood Record, Volume 50. Retrieved May 25, 2017.
  44. ^ "New Albany Factory Forced to Suspend By Rail Strike". The Courier Journal. Louisville, Kentucky. April 17, 1920. Retrieved May 15, 2017.
  45. ^ "Kahler Company to Open Plant". New Albany Daily Ledger. New Albany, Indiana. March 30, 1921. Retrieved May 23, 2017.
  46. ^ Hardwood Record, Volume 46. Retrieved January 23, 2017.
  47. ^ Motor Age, Volume 39. Retrieved April 24, 2012.
  48. ^ "New Business Concerns". Indianapolis Journal. Indianapolis, Indiana. May 8, 1902. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
  49. ^ "Bank Election". The Courier-Journal. Louisville, Kentucky. June 26, 1915. Retrieved May 14, 2017.
  50. ^ Iron Age, Volume 94. Retrieved January 7, 2014.
  51. ^ "Popcorn". The New Albany Tribune. New Albany, Indiana. January 23, 1915. Retrieved May 25, 2017.
  52. ^ Electrical Review and Western Electrician with which is Consolidated Electrocraft, Volume 66. Retrieved January 7, 2014.
  53. ^ Iron Age, Volume 95. Retrieved January 7, 2014.
  54. ^ "Coming!". The New Albany Tribune. New Albany, Indiana. July 19, 1912. Retrieved May 25, 2017.
  55. ^ Automobile Topics, The Trade Authority - Volume 43. Retrieved February 14, 2014.
  56. ^ "Chevrolet Firm Opens New Home". The Courier-Journal. Louisville, Kentucky. May 6, 1928. Retrieved July 11, 2016.
  57. ^ "Broadway Motor Sales Co". The Courier-Journal. Louisville, Kentucky. Nov 22, 1926. Retrieved May 21, 2017.
  58. ^ "Incorporations". The Indianapolis Star. Indianapolis, Indiana. September 15, 1915. Retrieved May 15, 2017.
  59. ^ "New Corporations". Richmond Daily Register. Richmond, Madison County, Kentucky. April 20, 1922. Retrieved January 7, 2014.
  60. ^ "Arcade Theatre". Retrieved June 7, 2016.
  61. ^ "Movie Magnate Sweeps Streets for Patrons". The Palm Beach Post. West Palm Beach, Florida. October 8, 1927. Retrieved June 7, 2016.
  62. ^ "Seven Theaters in Palm Beach Section Closed". The Evening Independent. Palm Beach, Florida. August 29, 1933. Retrieved June 7, 2016.
  63. ^ "Authorizes School Bonds". The Courier-Journal. Louisville, Kentucky. April 13, 1915. Retrieved May 15, 2017.
  64. ^ The American Contractor, Volume 37. Retrieved January 23, 2017.
  65. ^ Electrical Review, Volume 69. Retrieved January 23, 2017.
  66. ^ Brick and Clay Record, Volume 49. Retrieved January 23, 2017.
  67. ^ Refrigeration, Volumes 27-28. Retrieved January 8, 2014.
  68. ^ The National Provisioner, Volume 66. Retrieved April 18, 2015.
  69. ^ "Willard's Grave To Be Marked". The Courier-Journal. Louisville, Kentucky. August 11, 1921. Retrieved May 15, 2017.
  70. ^ "F. Kahler, Machine For Cutting Noodles". Retrieved April 24, 2012.
  71. ^ "George E. Seymour and Ferdinand Kahler, Extension Platform". Retrieved April 24, 2012.
  72. ^ "G. E.Seymour and F. Kahler, Brake". Retrieved April 24, 2012.
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