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Frank Pantridge

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Frank Pantridge
Born(1916-10-03)3 October 1916
Hillsborough, County Down, Ireland
Died26 December 2004(2004-12-26) (aged 88)
Hillsborough, County Down, Northern Ireland
NationalityBritish
OccupationCardiologist
Known forPortable defibrillator

James Francis Pantridge, CBE MC OStJ (3 October 1916 – 26 December 2004) was a Northern Irish physician, cardiologist, and professor who transformed emergency medicine and paramedic services with the invention of the portable defibrillator.

Early life

Pantridge was born in Hillsborough, County Down (now Royal Hillsborough), Ireland, on 3 October 1916. He was educated at Friends' School Lisburn and Queen's University of Belfast, graduating in medicine in 1939.

Military service

During World War II he served in the British Army. He was commissioned into the Royal Army Medical Corps as a lieutenant on 12 April 1940. He was given the service number 128673.[1] He was awarded the Military Cross during the Fall of Singapore, when he became a POW. He served much of his captivity as a slave labourer on the Burma Railway.[2] When he was freed at the war's end, Pantridge was emaciated and had contracted cardiac beriberi; he suffered from ill-health related to the disease for the rest of his life.[3][4]

Medical career

After Pantridge's liberation he worked as a lecturer in the pathology department at Queen's University, and then won a scholarship to the University of Michigan, where he studied under Dr. F.N. Wilson, a cardiologist and authority on electrocardiography.

He returned to Northern Ireland in 1950, and was appointed as cardiac consultant to the Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast and professor at Queen's University, where he remained until his retirement in 1982. There he established a specialist cardiology unit whose work became known around the world.

By 1957 Pantridge and his colleague, Dr John Geddes, had introduced the modern system of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for the early treatment of cardiac arrest. Further study led Frank Pantridge to the realization that many deaths resulted from ventricular fibrillation which needed to be treated before the patient was admitted to hospital. This led to his introduction of the mobile coronary care unit (MCCU), an ambulance with specialist equipment and staff to provide pre-hospital care.

During his time living in the hills beyond Poleglass [5] to extend the usefulness of early treatment, Pantridge went on to develop the portable defibrillator, and in 1965 installed his first version in a Belfast ambulance. It weighed 70 kg and operated from car batteries, but by 1968 he had designed an instrument weighing only 3 kg, incorporating a miniature capacitor manufactured for NASA.

His work was backed up by clinical investigations and epidemiological studies in scientific papers, including an influential 1967 The Lancet article. With these developments, the Belfast treatment system, often known as the "Pantridge Plan", became adopted throughout the world by emergency medical services. The portable defibrillator became recognised as a key tool in first aid, and Pantridge's refinement of the automated external defibrillator (AED) allowed it to be used safely by members of the public.

Although he was known worldwide as the "Father of Emergency Medicine",[6] Frank Pantridge was less acclaimed in his own country, and was saddened that it took until 1990 for all front-line ambulances in the UK to be fitted with defibrillators.

Honours and decorations

Pantridge was awarded the Military Cross "in recognition of gallant and distinguished services in Malaya in 1942".[7] The citation read:

This officer worked unceasingly under the most adverse conditions of continuous bombing and shelling and was an inspiring example to all with whom he came into contact. He was absolutely cool under the heaviest fire.[4]

In June 1969, he was appointed Officer of the Order of St. John (OStJ).[8] He was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 1979 New Year Honours.[9]

The city of Lisburn commissioned a statue of Pantridge, which stands outside the council's offices at the Lagan Valley Island centre.[10]

A Blue Plaque to Pantridge was erected by the entrance to the Royal Victoria Hospital in Belfast in 2021.[11]

Death

Pantridge died aged 88 on Boxing Day 2004. He was unmarried.[12]

References

  1. ^ "No. 34899". The London Gazette (Supplement). 16 July 1940. pp. 4422–4423.
  2. ^ "Defibrillator inventor honoured". BBC. 11 June 2009. Retrieved 12 June 2009.
  3. ^ Duff, Bill (6 January 2005). "Obituary: Frank Pantridge". The Guardian. London.
  4. ^ a b Richmond, Caroline (24 January 2005). "Professor Frank Pantridge". The Independent. Retrieved 26 August 2020.
  5. ^ McGonagle, Suzanne (27 May 2022). "New initiative showcasing history of Colin area of Belfast unveiled". The Irish News. Retrieved 4 October 2022.
  6. ^ UK Daily Telegraph obituary 29 December 2004.
  7. ^ "No. 37386". The London Gazette (Supplement). 11 December 1945. pp. 6079–6080.
  8. ^ "No. 44880". The London Gazette. 20 June 1969. p. 6457.
  9. ^ "No. 47723". The London Gazette (Supplement). 29 December 1978. pp. 8–9.
  10. ^ "Anger over foiled photo of Pantridge statue". BBC News. 8 October 2010.
  11. ^ "Professor Frank Pantridge". www.ulsterhistorycircle.org.uk. Retrieved 30 December 2021.
  12. ^ Professor Frank Pantridge
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