Lisburn

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For the local authority, see Lisburn City Council.

Coordinates: 54°30′43″N 6°01′52″W / 54.512°N 6.031°W / 54.512; -6.031

Lisburn
Scots: Lisburn[1]
Irish: Lios na gCearrbhach
Irish Linen Centre Lisburn Museum.jpg
Irish Linen Museum and Christ Church Cathedral
Lisburn is located in Northern Ireland
Lisburn

 Lisburn shown within Northern Ireland
Population 71,465 (2001 Census)
    - Belfast  8 miles 
District Lisburn City
County County Antrim
County Down
Country Northern Ireland
Sovereign state United Kingdom
Post town LISBURN
Postcode district BT27
BT28
Dialling code 02892
Police Northern Ireland
Fire Northern Ireland
Ambulance Northern Ireland
EU Parliament Northern Ireland
UK Parliament Lagan Valley
NI Assembly Lagan Valley
Website http://www.lisburn.gov.uk
List of places
UK
Northern Ireland

Lisburn is a city in Northern Ireland. It is southwest of Belfast, on the River Lagan, which forms the boundary between County Antrim and County Down. Lisburn forms part of the Belfast metropolitan area. It had a population of 71,465 people in the 2001 Census and a population density of 243 per km².[2] The wider council area has a growing population of 114,000, making it the second largest council district, after Belfast.[3]

Formerly a borough, Lisburn was granted city status in 2002 as part of Queen Elizabeth II's Golden Jubilee celebrations. It is the third-largest city in Northern Ireland and the sixth-largest on the island of Ireland.

Contents

Name [edit]

The town was originally known as Lisnagarvy (also spelt Lisnagarvey, Lisnegarvey, Lisnegarvy, Lisnegarvagh or Lisnagarvagh) after the townland in which it formed. This is derived from Irish: Lios na gCearrbhach meaning "ringfort of the gamesters/gamblers".[4]

The origin of the town's current name is uncertain. The modern spelling Lisburn first appears in a January 1662 entry in the church records. After February 1662, the name Lisnagarvy is no longer found in the records.[5] It is commonly believed that the town was renamed after being burnt during the Irish Rebellion of 1641.[6] In his book Lisburn Cathedral and Its Past Rectors (1926), Rev W P Carmody argues "This seems to be most improbable; after twenty years the burning would be a memory, and the loyal people of the town would not be disposed to give it a name that would be forever reminiscent of its destruction by rebels".[5] There is evidence that the name existed even at the time of the rebellion. In the depositions concerning the rebellion, an English soldier stated on 9 June 1653 that the rebels entered the town of Lisnagarvy at "a place called Louzy Barne".[5][7] Carmody believes that, in the town's early days, there were two co-existing ringforts: Lisnagarvy to the north and Lisburn to the south. He suggests that both names come from Irish and concludes: "Lisburn, being shorter and more easily pronounced by the English settlers, became the familiar name and Lisnagarvey gradually dropped out".[5]

The original name is still used in the titles of some local schools and sports teams.

History [edit]

Lisburn's original site was located on what is now known as Hill Street, on a hill above the River Lagan. There was also a fort on the north side of what is now known as Castle Gardens. In 1611 James I granted Sir Fulke Conway, a Welshman of Norman descent,[8] the lands of Killultagh in south-west County Antrim. During the 1620s the streets of Lisburn were laid out just as they are today: Market Square, Bridge Street, Castle Street and Bow Street. Conway brought over many English and Welsh settlers during the Ulster Plantation; he also had a manor house built on what is now Castle Gardens and in 1623 a church on the site of the current cathedral. The Manor House was destroyed in the accidental fire of 1707 and was never rebuilt; the city's Latin motto, Ex igne resurgam ("Out of the fire I shall arise"), is a reference to this incident.

Lisburn Market House - now forming part of the Irish Linen Centre/Lisburn Museum

Lisburn is also known as the birthplace of Ireland's linen industry, which was established in 1698 by Louis Crommelin and other Huguenots. An exhibition about the Irish linen industry is now housed in the Irish Linen Centre, which can be found in the old Market House in Market Square.[9]

Lisburn is one of the constituent cities that make up the Dublin-Belfast corridor region which has a population of just under 3 million.

The Troubles [edit]

Main article: The Troubles in Lisburn

The Cold War [edit]

Between 1954 and 1992 Lisburn contained the operational headquarters of No 31 Belfast Group Royal Observer Corps[10] who operated from a protected nuclear bunker on Knox Road within Thiepval Barracks. Converted from a 1940s Anti-aircraft Operations Room (AAOR) the bunker would support over one hundred ROC volunteers and a ten-man United Kingdom Warning and Monitoring Organisation warning team responsible for the famous Four-minute warning in the event of a nuclear strike on the UK. The ROC would also have detected radioactive fallout from the nuclear bursts and warned the public of approaching fallout.

The two organisations were disbanded in 1992 at the end of the Cold War. In 2007 a commemorative plaque was mounted on the wall of the nuclear bunker which still stands, in recognition of the service of ROC volunteers all over the Province. The BBC newsreader and steam railway enthusiast Sullivan Boomer was an Observer Commander in the ROC and served as Group Commandant of the Belfast group during the 1970s and 1980s.

Lisburn Civic Centre

Administration [edit]

Lisburn is the administrative centre of the Lisburn City Council area,[11] which also includes Hillsborough, Moira, Dromara, Glenavy, Dunmurry and Drumbo.

In elections for the Westminster Parliament the city falls mainly into the Lagan Valley constituency but partly into West Belfast.

The headquarters of the British Army in Northern Ireland at Thiepval Barracks and the headquarters of the Northern Ireland Fire and Rescue Service are located in the city.

Demographics and education [edit]

Historical population
Year Pop.   ±%  
1821 4,684 —    
1831 5,745 +22.7%
1841 6,284 +9.4%
1851 6,533 +4.0%
1861 7,462 +14.2%
1871 7,876 +5.5%
1881 10,755 +36.6%
1891 12,250 +13.9%
1901 11,461 −6.4%
1911 12,388 +8.1%
1926 12,406 +0.1%
1937 13,042 +5.1%
1951 14,781 +13.3%
1961 17,700 +19.7%
1966 21,522 +21.6%
1971 31,836 +47.9%
1981 40,391 +26.9%
1991 42,110 +4.3%
2001 71,465 +69.7%
[12]

Demographics

Lisburn Urban Area is within Belfast Metropolitan Urban Area (BMUA) and is classified as a Large Town by the NI Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA) (i.e. with population between 18,000 and 75,000 people). On census day (29 April 2001) there were 71,465 people living in Lisburn. Of these:

  • 25.4% were aged under 16 years and 15.6% were aged 60 and over.
  • 52.1% were female and 47.9% were male.
  • 62.8% were from a Protestant background and 33.4% were from a Catholic background.
  • 4.0% of people aged 16–74 were unemployed.[13]

Education

  • Pond Park Primary School
  • Central Primary School
  • Tonagh Primary School
  • Largymore Primary School
  • St. Aloysius Primary School
  • Killowen Primary School
  • Ballymacash Primary School
  • Brownlee Primary School
  • Forthill Primary School
  • Harmony Hill Primary School
  • Scoil na fuiseoige
  • St. Joseph's Primary School

Churches [edit]

Main article: List of churches in Lisburn

Lisburn is notable for its large number of churches, with 132 churches listed in the Lisburn City Council area.[14] One of two cathedrals in the Church of Ireland Diocese of Connor is in Lisburn, Christ Church Cathedral.

Transport [edit]

Rail [edit]

Lisburn railway station was opened on 12 August 1839.[15] The railway remains a popular means of transport between Lisburn and Belfast, with the express trains taking 10–15 minutes to reach Belfast's Great Victoria Street. The train also links the city directly with Portadown, Lurgan, Moira and Bangor. The station also serves the city of Dublin with three trains per day stopping at the station. All railway services from the station are provided by Northern Ireland Railways, a subsidiary of Translink.

Bus [edit]

  • Ulsterbus provides various bus services that connect the city with Belfast city centre, which lies eight miles northeast. These services generally operate either along Belfast's Lisburn Road or through the Falls area in west Belfast. In addition to long-distance services to Craigavon, Newry and Banbridge, there is also a network of buses that serve the rural areas around the city, such as Glenavy and Dromara.
  • The city has a vast network of local buses, serving the local housing developments and amenities. These are operated by Ulsterbus.[16]
  • A new Bus Centre, provided by the regional public transport provider Translink, opened on 30 June 2008 at the corner of Smithfield Street and the Hillsborough Road. It replaced the shelters that formerly stood in Smithfield Square.[17]

Road [edit]

The city has a favourable position on the Belfast-Dublin corridor, being connected with the former by the M1 motorway from which it can be accessed through junctions 3, 6, 7 and 8. The A1 road to Newry and Dublin deviates from the M1 at the Sprucefield interchange, which is positioned one mile southeast of the city centre. An inner orbital route was formed throughout the 1980s which has permitted the city centre to operate a one-way system as well as the pedestrianisation of the Bow Street shopping precinct.[18] In addition to this, a feeder road leading from Milltown on the outskirts of Belfast to Ballymacash in north Lisburn, was opened in 2006. This route connects with the A512 and permits traffic from Lisburn to easily access the M1 at junction 3 (Dunmurry) thus relieving pressure on the southern approaches to the city.[19]

Shopping [edit]

Lisburn has become one of the main towns/cities in Northern Ireland for shopping. Bow Street Mall, on Bow Street, houses over 70 stores, many eateries (including a food court) and a multi-storey car park with over 1000 spaces. The nearby pedestrianised city centre has numerous local independent shops such as "McCalls of Lisburn", "Smyth Patterson" & "Music Galleria", as well as many national and high street fashion stores. Lisburn Square, located off Bow Street, is an almost outdoor shopping centre. It houses many high street stores as well as bars, restaurants and cafes. Sprucefield Shopping Centre and Sprucefield Retail Park are two large retail parks located about 2 minutes from the city centre. The first of its kind in Northern Ireland, it has become very popular with residents from all over the province, as far away as Dublin. This is mainly due to its favourable position on the Belfast-Dublin corridor. It houses many warehouse type stores including B&Q, Toys'R'Us and Marks and Spencers.

Communications [edit]

Main article: Lisburn telephone exchange code

The local area code, like the rest of Northern Ireland is 028. However all local 8-digit subscriber numbers are found in the form 92xx-xxxx. Before the Big Number Change in 2000, the STD code for Lisburn and its surrounding area was 01846.

Climate [edit]

As with the rest of the British Isles, Lisburn experiences a maritime climate with cool summers and mild winters. The nearest official Met Office weather station for which online records are available is at Hillsborough,[20] about 3 miles south south west of the city centre.

Averaged over the period 1971-2000 the warmest day of the year at Hillsborough will reach 24.3 °C (75.7 °F),[21] although 9 out of 10 years should record a temperature of 25.1 °C (77.2 °F) or above.[22]

Averaged over the same period, the coldest night of the year typically falls to −6 °C (21.2 °F)[23] and on 37 nights air frost was observed.[24]

Typically annual rainfall falls just short of 900mm, with at least 1mm falling on 154 days of the year.[25]

Climate data for Hillsborough 116m asl, 1971-2000, Extremes 1960-2005 (Weather Station 3.0 Miles SSW of Lisburn)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 14.7
(58.5)		 15.8
(60.4)		 19.4
(66.9)		 22.8
(73)		 23.8
(74.8)		 28.1
(82.6)		 29.5
(85.1)		 28.4
(83.1)		 24.5
(76.1)		 21.1
(70)		 15.8
(60.4)		 14.5
(58.1)		 29.5
(85.1)
Average high °C (°F) 6.9
(44.4)		 7.1
(44.8)		 8.9
(48)		 10.9
(51.6)		 14.0
(57.2)		 16.4
(61.5)		 18.3
(64.9)		 18.0
(64.4)		 15.5
(59.9)		 12.4
(54.3)		 9.2
(48.6)		 7.6
(45.7)		 12.1
(53.78)
Average low °C (°F) 1.4
(34.5)		 1.6
(34.9)		 2.6
(36.7)		 3.5
(38.3)		 5.8
(42.4)		 8.6
(47.5)		 10.8
(51.4)		 10.6
(51.1)		 8.9
(48)		 6.5
(43.7)		 3.4
(38.1)		 2.2
(36)		 5.49
(41.88)
Record low °C (°F) −12.2
(10)		 −7.8
(18)		 −10.0
(14)		 −4.9
(23.2)		 −3.3
(26.1)		 0.0
(32)		 2.5
(36.5)		 1.8
(35.2)		 −1.2
(29.8)		 −4.5
(23.9)		 −8.3
(17.1)		 −11.5
(11.3)		 −12.2
(10)
Precipitation mm (inches) 88.87
(3.4988)		 61.65
(2.4272)		 68.23
(2.6862)		 58.03
(2.2846)		 59.44
(2.3402)		 62.45
(2.4587)		 57.9
(2.28)		 77.89
(3.0665)		 79.98
(3.1488)		 91.85
(3.6161)		 84.72
(3.3354)		 91.03
(3.5839)		 882.04
(34.7264)
Source: [26]

Health care [edit]

The main hospital in the city is the Lagan Valley Hospital, which provides Accident and Emergency services to the area. The hospital lost its acute services in 2006. Residents now must travel to Belfast for acute surgery. The Lagan valley, as it is locally known, is also losing its 24 hour A&E from 1 August 2011 due to a shortage of Junior Doctors. It will now instead be open 9am-8pm. This has caused much controversy as residents of the city will now have to travel to Belfast or Craigavon.[27] Primary care in the area is provided by the Lisburn Health Centre, which opened in 1977.[28] The city lies within the South Eastern Health and Social Care Board area, formerly known as Down and Lisburn Trust.

Sport [edit]

Football [edit]

  • Lisburn Distillery is an association football club playing in the Irish Premier League. The club, founded in 1879, originated in West Belfast, where it was based at Distillery Street off the Grosvenor Road until 1971. After sharing grounds with several other Belfast clubs, Distillery again moved in 1980 to the New Grosvenor Stadium in the townland of Ballyskeagh, near Lambeg on the outskirts of the city. The club changed its name in 1999 to 'Lisburn Distillery' in an attempt to associate itself more closely with its adopted borough. The club's colours are all white.
  • The city remains a key centre for youth football, hosting most games in the 'Lisburn Junior Invitational League', an amateur youth league which incorporates many teams from across the east of Ulster.

Other sports [edit]

People [edit]

See also [edit]

References [edit]

  1. ^ 2001 annual report in Ulster-Scots North/South Ministerial Council.
  2. ^ It should be noted that this population figure includes Dunmurry and its associated housing areas. There is uncertainty as to whether these areas will remain in the Lisburn/Castlereagh council area after the proposed Local Government reform in 2011 - which may see them transfer to Belfast [1].
  3. ^ [2] Archived 10 August 2011 at WebCite ,
  4. ^ Placenames NI
  5. ^ a b c d Lisburn Cathedral and Its Past Rectors Rev. W. P. Carmody, M.A., Dean of Down. R. Carswell & Son Ltd, 1926
  6. ^ Placenames Database of Ireland (see archival records)
  7. ^ [3]
  8. ^ [4][5]
  9. ^ Lisburn City Council: Irish Linen Centre and Lisburn Museum
  10. ^ ROC HQ locations and photographs
  11. ^ Office of Public Sector Information
  12. ^ http://www.nisranew.nisra.gov.uk/census and http://www.histpop.org for post 1821 figures, 1813 estimate from Mason’s Statistical Survey For a discussion on the accuracy of pre-famine census returns see J. J. Lee “On the accuracy of the pre-famine Irish censuses Irish Population, Economy and Society edited by J. M. Goldstrom and LA Clarkson (1981) p54, in and also New Developments in Irish Population History, 1700-1850 by Joel Mokyr and Cormac Ó Gráda in The Economic History Review, New Series, Vol. 37, No. 4 (Nov, 1984), pp. 473-488.
  13. ^ NI neighbourhood Information Service
  14. ^ "List of churches on Lisburn.com". 
  15. ^ "Lisburn station" (PDF). Railscot - Irish Railways. Retrieved 2007-08-28. 
  16. ^ Translink Service 325: "Lisburn City Service"
  17. ^ Translink Press Release 16-Jun-2008: "Passengers to benefit from Brand New Lisburn Buscentre
  18. ^ Planning Service: BMAP 2015. Transportation in Lisburn
  19. ^ Northern Ireland Roads Site (Wesley Johnston): North Lisburn Feeder Road
  20. ^ "Station Locations". MetOffice. 
  21. ^ ">1971-2000 average warmest day". Retrieved 2011-09-23. 
  22. ^ ">25c days". Retrieved 2011-09-23. 
  23. ^ ">average coldest night". Retrieved 2011-09-22. 
  24. ^ ">air frost incidence". Retrieved 2011-09-23. 
  25. ^ ">Wet days". Retrieved 2011-09-23. 
  26. ^ Royal Netherlands meteorological Institute
  27. ^ [6]
  28. ^ "Health and Wealth in the Borough of Lisburn. By E.J.Best". Lisburn Historical Society (Vol. 2). Retrieved 2008-08-01.  Text """ ignored (help)[dead link]
  29. ^ UK Parliament Web Site

External links [edit]

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