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George Armstrong Custer Equestrian Monument

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Coordinates: 41°55′05″N 83°23′48″W / 41.91806°N 83.39667°W / 41.91806; -83.39667
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George Armstrong Custer
Equestrian Monument
George Armstrong Custer Equestrian Monument is located in Michigan
George Armstrong Custer Equestrian Monument
Location within the state of Michigan
George Armstrong Custer Equestrian Monument is located in the United States
George Armstrong Custer Equestrian Monument
George Armstrong Custer Equestrian Monument (the United States)
LocationJunction of Elm Avenue and North Monroe Street
Monroe, Michigan
Coordinates41°55′05″N 83°23′48″W / 41.91806°N 83.39667°W / 41.91806; -83.39667
Built1910
ArchitectHunt & Hunt[2]
SculptorEdward Clark Potter
NRHP reference No.94001430[1]
Significant dates
Added to NRHPDecember 9, 1994
Designated MSHSJune 15, 1992[3]

The George Armstrong Custer Equestrian Monument, also known as Sighting the Enemy,[4][5] is an equestrian statue of General George Armstrong Custer located in Monroe, Michigan. The statue, sculpted by Edward Clark Potter, was designated as a Michigan Historic Site on June 15, 1992[3] and soon after listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 9, 1994.[1]

Background

While Custer was not born in Monroe, he lived much of his early childhood there with relatives and attended the schools in Monroe. During his youth, he met his future wife Elizabeth Bacon, whom he returned to marry in 1864. Custer left Monroe to attend the United States Military Academy and fight in the Civil War. Because of his hard work and success during the war—as well as the Union's need for officers—he was promoted to the rank of major general and became a very well-known military figure. After the Civil War, he fought in the Indian Wars in the West. His previous accomplishments in the Civil War, however, were overshadowed by his catastrophic defeat and death at the Battle of the Little Big Horn on June 25, 1876.[6]

To honor him, a $24,000, 14-foot (4.27 m) bronze equestrian statue, sculpted by Edward Clark Potter, was unveiled in Monroe in June 1910 by President William Howard Taft and the widowed Elizabeth Bacon Custer.[2] The statue commemorates his successful actions during the Civil War and not his more well-known defeat in 1876.[7]

Location

Howard Taft unveiling the Custer statue, 1910
President Taft speaks to a crowd at the unveiling of the statue in 1910. Elizabeth Bacon Custer is pictured just below Taft to his right.

In the century since the statue was installed, it has been placed at three different sites. It was originally located in the middle of the brick-paved intersection of First and Washington streets in front of the courthouse; this area is part of the present-day Old Village Historic District.[6] His widow Elizabeth Custer, who spent much of her later life improving Custer's reputation and public image, argued that the statue deserved a better location. Some residents complained that it was a traffic hazard in the middle of an intersection. When the statue was first erected, traffic was sparse in Monroe, but automobile traffic was markedly increasing. On June 20, 1923, the statue was moved to a new location in Soldiers and Sailors Park along the River Raisin.[8] There, the statue stood in relative isolation and was eventually obscured by unkempt scrubs and trees.

Because of public protests, the city moved the statue to a better location in August 1955. When movers arrived to take the statue to a new location, they originally could not find it within the overgrown vegetation.[7] The statue was moved to its current location on the southwest corner of Elm Avenue and North Monroe Street along the River Raisin.[8] This is one of the most prominent intersections in the city, and the statue is well-lit at night. The statue is now one of the most recognizable objects in Monroe.[7] The George Armstrong Custer Equestrian Monument is located across Elm Street from the St. Mary's Church Complex Historic District and adjacent to the East Elm-North Macomb Street Historic District.

Monument

Custer Statue 1910
The statue in its original location at Washington and First Street in 1910
The statue in its current location at the corner of Elm Street and North Monroe Street

Proponents of the statue argue that it commemorates Custer's spectacular service to the Union during the Civil War and not his failure at the Battle of the Little Big Horn.[8] The statue shows Custer wearing his Civil War uniform. In keeping with sculptural convention, his horse has all four feet on the ground, as Custer did not die during that period of service.[7] The historical marker commemorating the statue reads:

Born in New Rumley, Ohio, George A. Custer grew up in Monroe in the home of his half-sister, Mrs. David Reed. On February 9, 1864, in the Presbyterian Church here, he married Libbie Bacon, the only daughter of Judge and Mrs. Daniel S. Bacon. During the Civil War, Custer served with distinction, including at the Battle of Gettysburg. He received six brevets and was made brigadier-general before he was 26 years old, a rare distinction. From 1866 until his death at the Battle of the Little Big Horn, Custer commanded the famous Seventh Cavalry Regiment, leading them in scouting and Indian fighting throughout Kansas and the Dakota Territory. His rank at death was lieutenant colonel, as he reverted to colonel from brigadier general at the end of the Civil War. (He was promoted to lieutenant colonel in 1866, at Ft Riley, Kansas.) This statue of General Custer, created by Edward C. Potter, was erected by the State of Michigan, unveiled by Mrs. Elizabeth B. Custer and dedicated by President William Howard Taft on June 4, 1910. The statue was rededicated September 3, 1955, by the members of the First Cavalry Division, of which Custer's Seventh Cavalry Regiment was a part.[2][9]

Controversy

The monument has attracted protest and opposition due to Custer's participation in total war against Native Americans.

In May of 2021, the United Tribes of Michigan unanimously passed a resolution calling for the removal of a Custer statue in Monroe, Michigan. The resolution stated in part:

"(It) is widely perceived as offensive and a painful public reminder of the legacy of Indigenous people's genocide and present realities of systemic racism in our country... Custer is notoriously known as the 'Indian Killer'... Custer's military record was poor. He was a West Point delinquent and failure, and would not have been appointed as an officer if the Union was not in dire need of soldiers. Custer was demoted from the rank of General and died as a Lieutenant Colonel... Custer does not deserve any glory, nor the right to further torment minoritized citizens 145 years postmortem."[10]

Despite calls by some to remove the statue it is an unpopular proposition to most in Monroe. Custer is often seen as a source of local pride. [11] Despite some opposition the lack of local support from the public and the town council means that removal of the monument is unlikely. [12]

References

  1. ^ a b "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. 2009-03-13.
  2. ^ a b c May, George F. (1965). "Michigan Civil War Monuments". Retrieved November 15, 2009.
  3. ^ a b State of Michigan (2009). "Custer, George Armstrong, Equestrian Monument". Archived from the original on May 11, 2012. Retrieved June 26, 2010.
  4. ^ Monroe Evening News staff (5 July 2008). "Alexander marks Gettysburg anniversary". Monroe Evening News. Monroe, Michigan. Retrieved November 15, 2009.
  5. ^ Monroe County Library System (2009). "George Armstrong Custer Chronology". Archived from the original on March 5, 2010. Retrieved November 14, 2009.
  6. ^ a b New York Times (15 May 1910). "President Will Help Dedicate the Custer Monument" (PDF). New York Times. Retrieved April 3, 2009.
  7. ^ a b c d Monroe County Library System (2009). "The George Armstrong Custer Collection of the Monroe County Library System". Archived from the original on April 1, 2009. Retrieved November 14, 2009.
  8. ^ a b c Monroe County Library System (2009). "Custer Statue Had Three Sites During Tenure in City". Archived from the original on June 8, 2011. Retrieved November 14, 2009.
  9. ^ Monroe County Convention and Tourism Bureau (2005–2009). "Monroe County Historic Sites". Archived from the original (Page 5) on July 14, 2011. Retrieved December 27, 2010.
  10. ^ Bacho, Blake. "United Tribes of Michigan approve efforts to remove "Indian Killer" Custer monument". Monroe News.
  11. ^ Herberg, Laura. "Fight Over Custer Statue in Monroe, Michigan, Comes to a Standstill". wdet. NPR. Retrieved 19 August 2021.
  12. ^ Bacho, Blake. "City to consider scrapping Custer monument facilitation project". Detroit Free Press. USA Today Network. Retrieved 2 August 2021.
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