Gobiconodon

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Gobiconodon
Temporal range: Bathonian-Cenomanian
~166–94 Ma
Reconstruction
Gobiconodon ostromi skeleton
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: †Eutriconodonta (?)
Family: †Gobiconodontidae
Genus: †Gobiconodon
Trofimov, 1978
Species
  • G. bathoniensis Sigogneau-Russell, 2016
  • G. borissiaki Trofimov, 1978 (type)
  • G. hoburensis (Trofimov, 1978) Kielan- Jaworowska & Dashzeveg, 1998
  • G. hopsoni Rougier et al., 2001
  • G. luoianus Yuan et al., 2009
  • G. ostromi Jenkins Jr. & Schaff, 1988
  • G. palaios Sigogneau-Russell, 2003
  • G. zofiae Li et al., 2003
  • G. haizhouensis Kusuhashi et al., 2015[1]
  • G. tomidai Kusuhashi et al., 2015[1]
Synonyms
  • Guchinodon hoburensis Trofimov, 1978
  • Neoconodon borissiaki (nomen nudum)
Cloverly formation environment with Gobiconodon pursuing juvenile Aquilops while adults attempt to protect them.

Gobiconodon is an extinct genus of carnivorous mammal from the Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous. It weighed 5.4 kilograms (12 lb),[2] had a skull of 10 cm (3.9 in) in length, and had 35 cm (14 in) in presacral body length.[3] It was one of the largest mammals known from the Mesozoic.[4] Like other gobiconodontids, it possesses several speciations towards carnivory, such as shearing molar teeth, large canine-like incisors and powerful jaw and forelimb musculature, indicating that it probably fed on vertebrate prey; rather uniquely among predatory mammals and other eutriconodonts, the lower canines were vestigial, with the first lower incisor pair having become massive and canine-like. Like the larger Repenomamus there might be some evidence of scavenging.[5]

Species

Species Material Age Location Unit Notes
G. borissiaki [6] 10 upper and lower jaws[6] & 3 upper and lower jaws.[7] Holotype: PIN 3101/09 Aptian - Albian  Mongolia Khoboor Beds Neoconodon is a synonym.
1 fragmentary lower jaw[8] Neocomian - Albian  Russia Siberia
G. hoburensis [6] 21 upper and lower jaws. Holotype: PIN 3101/24 Aptian - Albian  Mongolia Russia Khoboor Beds; Siberia Guchinodon hoburensis is a synonym.[7] The smallest Gobiconodon.
G. hopsoni [9] 2 upper and lower jaws (PSS-MAE 140 (Holotype) & PSS-MAE 139) ?Vanginian - Neocomian  Mongolia Oshih Formation The largest Gobiconodon.
G. palaios [10] Tithonian-Berriasian  Morocco Ksar Metlili Formation
Gobiconodon sp.[9] 2 fragmentary lower jaws ?Vanginian - Neocomian  Mongolia Oshih Formation
G. sp. A[11] Lower Cretaceous  Russia Ilek Formation
G. sp. B[11] Lower Cretaceous  Russia Ilek Formation
G. luoianus [12] Nearly complete skull (41H III-0320 (Holotype)) Aptian  China Yixian Formation
G. ostromi [13] 2 incomplete skeletons (MCZ 19965 (Holotype) & MCZ 19860) Aptian - Albian  USA Cloverly Formation
G. zofiae [14] Partial skull and lower jaws (IVPP V12585 (Holotype)) Hauterivian  China Yixian Formation
G. bathoniensis [15] Two upper left molars and last upper right molar Bathonian  UK Forest Marble Formation

References

  1. ^ a b Nao Kusuhashi; Yuan-Qing Wang; Chuan-Kui Li; Xun Jin (2015). "Two new species of Gobiconodon (Mammalia, Eutriconodonta, Gobiconodontidae) from the Lower Cretaceous Shahai and Fuxin formations, northeastern China". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 28 (1–2): 14–26. doi:10.1080/08912963.2014.977881. S2CID 128731256.
  2. ^ Prothero, Donald R. (November 15, 2016). The Princeton Field Guide to Prehistoric Mammals. Princeton University Press. p. 33. Retrieved 22 September 2022.
  3. ^ T. S. Kemp (2005). The Origin and Evolution of Mammals. Oxford University Press, USA. p. 183. ISBN 9780198507611. Retrieved 22 September 2022.
  4. ^ Kielan-Jaworowska, Zofia (2013). In Pursuit of Early Mammals. Indiana University Press. p. 115. Retrieved 22 September 2022.
  5. ^ Zofia Kielan-Jaworowska, Richard L. Cifelli, Zhe-Xi Luo (2004). "Chapter 7: Eutriconodontans". Mammals from the Age of Dinosaurs: origins, evolution, and structure. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 216–248. ISBN 0-231-11918-6.
  6. ^ a b c Trofimov, B. A. (1978). "The first triconodonts (Mammalia, Triconodonta) from Mongolia". Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR. 243 (1): 213–216.
  7. ^ a b Kielan-Jaworowska, Z.; Dashzeveg, D. (1998). "Early Cretaceous amphilestid ("triconodont") mammals from Mongolia" (PDF). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 43 (3): 413–438.
  8. ^ Maschenko, E. N.; Lopatin, A. V. (1998). "First record of an Early Cretaceous triconodont mammal in Siberia". Bull. Inst. R. Sci. Nat. Belg. 68: 233–236.
  9. ^ a b Rougier; Novacek; McKenna & Wible (2001). "Gobiconodonts from the Early Cretaceous of Oshih (Ashile), Mongolia" (PDF). American Museum Novitates (3348): 1–30. doi:10.1206/0003-0082(2001)348<0001:GFTECO>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0003-0082. S2CID 55621394.
  10. ^ Sigogneau-Russell Denise (2003). "Diversity of triconodont mammals from the early Cretaceous of north Africa: Affinities of the amphilestids". Palaeovertebrata. 32 (1): 27–55.
  11. ^ a b Alexander O. Averianov; Pavel P. Skutschas; Alexey V. Lopatin; Sergei V. Leshchinskiy; Anton S. Rezvyi; Alexey V. Fayngerts (2005). "Diversity Early Cretaceous mammals from Bol'shoi Kemchug 3 locality in West Siberia, Russia" (PDF). Russian Journal of Theriology. 4 (1): 1–12. doi:10.15298/rusjtheriol.04.1.01.
  12. ^ Yuan Chongxi; Xu Li; Zhang Xingliao; Xi Yunhong; Wu Yanhua; Ji Qiang (2009). "A New Species of Gobiconodon (Mammalia) from Western Liaoning, China and its Implication for the Dental Formula of Gobiconodon". Acta Geologica Sinica. 83 (2): 207–211. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2009.00035.x. S2CID 129667303.
  13. ^ F. A. Jenkins; C. R. Schaff (1988). "The Early Cretaceous mammal Gobiconodon (Mammalia, Triconodonta) from the Cloverly Formation in Montana". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 8 (1): 1–24. doi:10.1080/02724634.1988.10011681. JSTOR 4523172.
  14. ^ Li Chuankui; Wang Yuanqing; Hu Yaoming; Meng Jin (2003). "A new species of Gobiconodon(Triconodonta, Mammalia)and its implication for theage of Jehol Biota" (PDF). Chinese Science Bulletin. 48 (11): 1129–1134. doi:10.1360/02wd0134.
  15. ^ Percy M. Butler; Denise Sigogneau-Russell (2016). "Diversity of triconodonts in the Middle Jurassic of Great Britain" (PDF). Palaeontologia Polonica 67: 35–65. doi:10.4202/pp.2016.67_035.
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