Grootegeluk Coal Mine
| Location | |
|---|---|
  Grootegeluk Coal Mine | |
| Province | Limpopo |
| Country | South Africa |
| Coordinates | 23°40′18″S 27°31′44″E / 23.67167°S 27.52889°E |
| Production | |
| Products | Coal |
| Production | 18.8 Mtpa final coal products |
| Owner | |
| Company | Exxaro |
| Year of acquisition | 1980 |
The Grootegeluk Coal Mine is an open cast coal mine within the Waterberg Coalfield of the Limpopo province of South Africa. It is operated by Exxaro. The mine is 25 kilometres (16 mi) from Lephalale, and employs 2,000 people.[1]
Discovery
[edit]In 1920, coal was found in the Ellisras Basin, but at first little was done to investigate the size of the resource.[2] Between 1941 and 1952, 143 diamond-drill holes and two prospecting shafts were sunk to obtain a geological map of the Waterberg coalfield. In 1957 Iscor (later unbundled into Kumba Resources and Mittal Steel South Africa) bought surface rights on six farms located in the coalfield. In 1973 Iscor began detailed exploration of the deposits below the farms to determine the quality and quantity of coal. In 1979 Iscor obtained the mining leases on the farms and in 1980 established the Grootegeluk Coal Mine.[3]
The mine contains semi-soft coking coal, thermal coal and metallurgical coal. There is estimated to be 2,800 Mt of accessible coal out of a total measured resource of 4,600 Mt of coal.[1] A 19-metre (62 ft) overburden covers 94.7 metres (311 ft) of usable coal, which is interspersed with three dirt bands that total 13.4 metres (44 ft) in thickness.[4] The raw coal has less than 25% of burnable substance.[5]
Operation
[edit]
In 2005 the Grootegeluk open-pit colliery was the only coal operation in the Waterberg coalfield.[6] The mine employed almost 2,000 people to produce 14.5 million tons of coal annually. Of these employees, only a very small percentage were managers, in part because of a severe shortage of management skills in South Africa.[7] The miners blast the 15-metre (49 ft) high benches, then excavate the broken coal and truck it to the concentration plant.[8] The mine uses trolley-assist trucks to reduce fuel and maintenance costs and increase productivity.[9] The major fleet of 20 x Komatsu Haulpak 730E's utilize the trolley assist feature as well as a subsidiary fleet of Hitachi EH4500 and EH3500 trucks. The trolley assist trucks are powered by DC electricity from overhead catenary lines at 1200V.[10]
The Grootegeluk plant uses horizontal belt vacuum filtration to dewater fines.[11] The mine has the world’s largest coal beneficiation facility, with six plants that upgrade 8,000 tonnes per hour of run-of-mine coal.[1] The new plant installed to extract and process coal for the new Medupi Power Station will be the first in the world to use mobile tipping bins and crushers in the pit near the benches. This equipment will advance as the mine advances. To minimize production stoppages, there will be run-of-mine stockpiles between the pit and the plant. Stockpiles will also be used between the plant and the discard dump stackers. The plant will use dry screening to avoid having to pump tailings to tailings dams.[12]
The waste material from the Grootegeluk mine, particularly from the lower levels, is prone to spontaneous combustion. Various experiments have been conducted to discover the best way to cover this material as the mine is back-filled so as to minimize the risk. A concern is that the covering will become less effective as it absorbs oxygen.[13]
Output
[edit]The mine produces 18.8 Mt of final coal products annually.[1] As of 2008, Exxaro was supplying Eskom's coal-fired Matimba Power Station.[14] Exxaro delivered 14.8 Mt annually of power station coal to the Matimba power station via a 7-kilometre (4.3 mi) conveyor belt.[1] Grootegeluk produces 1.5 Mt of metallurgical coal for sale to metals industries and other users in South Africa annually. Exxaro exports or sells to domestic customers about 1Mt of thermal and semi-soft coking coal. The mine produces 2.5 Mt of semi-soft coking coal annually, delivering most of it to Mittal SA by rail.[1] In the late 2000s the rail link to the Grootegeluk mine was being upgraded.[15] Exxaro expects to expand exports of high-quality coal through the Port of Richards Bay.[14]
In 2007 Exxaro announced a contract to supply Eskom's new Medupi Power Station, which is also in the Waterberg and was due to open in 2012.[14] The contract was finalized in December 2008. Exxaro was to invest R9 billion to speed up extraction from the existing pit, with delivery of coal to the first generation unit at Medupi to start in the 3rd quarter of 2011. Two new dense media coal beneficiation plants were to be built at the mine, and would be operating at full capacity by 2014. They would supply the Medupi generators with about 14.6 Mt of power station-grade coal annually for the next forty years. The expansion will create about 550 permanent jobs at Grootegeluk.[16]
References
[edit]Citations
- ^ a b c d e f Grootegeluk.
- ^ Fourie, Du Plessis & Henry2006.
- ^ Grootegeluk Coal Mine, South Africa.
- ^ Winterton & Winterton 1989, p. 36.
- ^ Fettweis 1985, p. 103.
- ^ Jeffrey 2005, p. 453.
- ^ Smit et al. 2007, p. 294.
- ^ GEOLOGY HONOURS 1998...
- ^ Hartman, Britton & Mutmansky 1992, p. 1356.
- ^ Woof 2006, p. 46.
- ^ Arnold, Klima & Bethell 2007, p. 17.
- ^ Holman 2008.
- ^ Stracher 2007, p. 89.
- ^ a b c Ndaba 2008.
- ^ Aswathanarayana 2009, p. 60-61.
- ^ Medupi coal supply agreement finalised.
Sources
- Arnold, Barbara J.; Klima, Mark S.; Bethell, Peter J. (30 September 2007). Designing The Coal Preparation Plant Of The Future. SME. ISBN 978-0-87335-257-4. Retrieved 25 September 2012.
- Aswathanarayana, U (1 June 2009). Energy Portfolios: Customization and Management. CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-415-46985-2. Retrieved 25 September 2012.
- Fettweis, G.B. (1985). "Considerations on coal deposits as basis of coal production". Compte Rendu. IGME. ISBN 978-84-7474-331-9. Retrieved 25 September 2012.
- Fourie, CJS; Du Plessis, SJ; Henry, G (2006). "New airborne geophysical data from the Waterberg Coalfield – South Africa's major future energy source" (PDF). CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 June 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2012.
- "GEOLOGY HONOURS 1998 - ECONOMIC GEOLOGY FIELD EXCURSION - MAY/JUNE". University of Cape Town. Archived from the original on 24 December 2012. Retrieved 25 September 2012.
- "Grootegeluk". Exxaro. Archived from the original on 23 February 2007. Retrieved 25 September 2012.
- "Grootegeluk Coal Mine, South Africa". Mining Weekly. 9 June 2000. Retrieved 25 September 2012.
- Hartman, Howard L.; Britton, Scott G.; Mutmansky, Jan M. (1992). SME Mining Engineering Handbook. SME. ISBN 978-0-87335-100-3. Retrieved 25 September 2012.
- Holman, Jacqueline (20 June 2008). "Coal mine grows to support new power station". Engineering News. Retrieved 25 September 2012.
- Jeffrey, L. (July 2005). "Challenges associated with further development of the Waterberg Coalfield" (PDF). The Journal of the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. 105. Retrieved 25 September 2012.
- "Medupi coal supply agreement finalised". Mining Weekly. 5 December 2008. Retrieved 25 September 2012.
- Ndaba, Dennis (20 March 2008). "Abundant Waterberg coalfield capable of hosting many more power stations". Mining Weekly. Retrieved 25 September 2012.
- Oberholster, Paul (2010). "Waterberg Coalfield". Limpopo River Awareness Kit. Retrieved 25 September 2012.
- Smit, P. J.; Brevis, T.; Cronje, G.J.De J.; Vrba, M.J. (1 January 2007). Management Principles: A Contemporary Edition for Africa. Juta and Company Ltd. ISBN 978-0-7021-7295-3. Retrieved 25 September 2012.
- Stracher, Glenn B. (31 December 2007). Geology of Coal Fires: Case Studies from Around the World. Geological Society of America. p. 89. ISBN 978-0-8137-4118-5. Retrieved 25 September 2012.
- Winterton, Jonathan; Winterton, Ruth (1989). Coal, Crisis, and Conflict: The 1984-85 Miners' Strike in Yorkshire. Manchester University Press ND. ISBN 978-0-7190-2548-8. Retrieved 25 September 2012.
- Woof, Mike (24 March 2006). Ultra Haulers: Global Giants of the Mining Industry. MotorBooks International. ISBN 978-0-7603-2381-6. Retrieved 25 September 2012.
