HOTAIR
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
HOTAIR (for HOX antisense intergenic RNA)[1] is a gene at 12q13.13 size 6,232 bp encoding 2.2 kbp long noncoding RNA molecule, which controls gene expression on chromosome 2. Its source DNA is located within a HOXC gene cluster. It is the first example of an RNA expressed on one chromosome influencing transcription on another chromosome. It is shuttled from chromosome 12 to chromosome 2 by the Suz-Twelve protein.[2] The 5' end of HOTAIR interacts with a Polycomb-group protein Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) and as a result regulates chromatin state. It is required for gene-silencing of the HOXD locus by PRC2.[3][4] The 3' end of HOTAIR interacts with the histone demethylase LSD1.[4]
It is an important factor in the epigenetic differentiation of skin over the surface of the body. Skin from various anatomical positions is distinct, e.g. the skin of the eyelid differs markedly from that on the sole of the foot.[3][5]
HOTAIR is highly expressed in metastatic breast cancers. High levels of expression in primary breast tumours are a significant predictor of subsequent metastasis and death.[6]
[edit] References
- ^ "Genecards entry on HOTAIR". http://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=HOTAIR. Retrieved 20 July 2010.
- ^ Petherick A (August 2008). "Genetics: The production line". Nature 454 (7208): 1042–5. doi:10.1038/4541042a. PMID 18756228.
- ^ a b Rinn JL, Kertesz M, Wang JK, Squazzo SL, Xu X, Brugmann SA, Goodnough LH, Helms JA, Farnham PJ, Segal E, Chang HY (June 2007). "Functional demarcation of active and silent chromatin domains in human HOX loci by noncoding RNAs". Cell 129 (7): 1311–23. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.05.022. PMC 2084369. PMID 17604720. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2084369.
- ^ a b Tsai MC, Manor O, Wan Y, et al. (August 2010). "Long noncoding RNA as modular scaffold of histone modification complexes". Science 329 (5992): 689–93. doi:10.1126/science.1192002. PMC 2967777. PMID 20616235. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2967777.
- ^ Chuong CM (January 2003). "Homeobox genes, fetal wound healing, and skin regional specificity". J. Invest. Dermatol. 120 (1): 9–11. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.00002.x. PMID 12535191.
- ^ Gupta RA, Shah N, Wang KC, et al. (April 2010). "Long non-coding RNA HOTAIR reprograms chromatin state to promote cancer metastasis". Nature 464 (7291): 1071–6. doi:10.1038/nature08975. PMC 3049919. PMID 20393566. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3049919.
[edit] Further reading
- Woo CJ, Kingston RE (June 2007). "HOTAIR lifts noncoding RNAs to new levels". Cell 129 (7): 1257–9. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.06.014. PMID 17604716.
- Khalil AM, Guttman M, Huarte M, et al. (July 2009). "Many human large intergenic noncoding RNAs associate with chromatin-modifying complexes and affect gene expression". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106 (28): 11667–72. doi:10.1073/pnas.0904715106. PMC 2704857. PMID 19571010. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2704857.
- Wan Y, Chang HY (September 2010). "HOTAIR: Flight of noncoding RNAs in cancer metastasis". Cell Cycle 9 (17): 3391–2. PMC 3066151. PMID 20864820. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3066151.
- Hung T, Chang HY (September 2010). "Long noncoding RNA in genome regulation: Prospects and mechanisms". RNA Biol 7 (5): 582–5. PMC 3073254. PMID 20930520. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3073254.
- Kaneko S, Li G, Son J, et al. (December 2010). "Phosphorylation of the PRC2 component Ezh2 is cell cycle-regulated and up-regulates its binding to ncRNA". Genes Dev. 24 (23): 2615–20. doi:10.1101/gad.1983810. PMC 2994035. PMID 21123648. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2994035.
- Sun L, Fang J (January 2011). "Writer meets eraser in HOTAIR". Acta Biochim. Biophys. Sin. (Shanghai) 43 (1): 1–3. doi:10.1093/abbs/gmq110. PMID 21138898.
- Yang Z, Zhou L, Wu LM, et al. (February 2011). "Overexpression of Long Non-coding RNA HOTAIR Predicts Tumor Recurrence in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Following Liver Transplantation". Ann Surg Oncol 18 (5): 1243–1250. doi:10.1245/s10434-011-1581-y. PMID 21327457.
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Gallery of HOTAIR conserved secondary structure images
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HOTAIR_1: Secondary structure taken from the Rfam database. Family RF01904
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HOTAIR_2: Secondary structure taken from the Rfam database. Family RF01905
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HOTAIR_3: Secondary structure taken from the Rfam database. Family RF01906
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HOTAIR_4: Secondary structure taken from the Rfam database. Family RF01907
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HOTAIR_5: Secondary structure taken from the Rfam database. Family RF01908
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