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Jean Tagault

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Jean Tagault
BornAround 1499
Cerisy-Buleux, Somme, France
Died(1546-04-25)25 April 1546
Paris, France
NationalityFrench
Other namesJoannes Tagaultius
Alma materSorbonne
Known forDe chirurgica institutione libri quinque
SpouseJeanne Lourdel
ChildrenJean Tagaut
Scientific career
FieldsSurgery
InstitutionsSorbonne
Notable studentsJacques Houllier, Jacobus Sylvius, Benoît Textor [fr]

Jean Tagault or Jean Tagaut (in Latin Joannes Tagaultius) (around 1499 in Vimy or more certainly in Cerisy-Buleux[1] – 25 April 1546 in Paris)[2] was a French physician and anatomist known for his surgical work and for having fought against Michel Servet who defended judicial astrology and divination as sciences. He is often confused with his son Jean Tagaut, a doctor and poet.[3]

Biography

Les Institutions chirurgiques of Jean Tagault

He studied philosophy and literature at the Collège de Chanac Pompadour before becoming a teacher at the same college.[4] Then he studied medicine at the Faculty of Medicine in Paris, where in 1524 he obtained his medical degree.[4] He married Jeanne Lourdel and had at least one son, his namesake, Jean Tagaut (ca.1515 - 1560), a poet and friend of Pierre de Ronsard, who is often confused with him.[5] The family lived in rue de la Huchette in Paris.[6] Already by this time, Tagault must have chosen the camp of the Evangelical Lutheran Church, and later he was even consulted by Calvin who was ill (1544). To pay for his studies and feed his family, Tagault taught mathematics at Collège du Cardinal-Lemoine [fr].

On 18 November, 1525, he became a medical regent[2] and in 1534 he became dean of the Faculty, a position he held for 4 years.[6][7]

In this capacity he opposed Michel Servet who had come to Paris to study medicine, then a lecturer in mathematics at the Collège des Lombards [fr], where he taught geometry and astrology. Servet defended astrology as an art capable of becoming a science and thus of participating in medicine against the criticism of Tagault, who was deeply hostile to what he considered to be superstition.[8][9] In this period there was a hardening of the Faculty's position towards astrological medicine and the deanship of Jean Tagault was marked by a doctrinal and disciplinary firmness well accepted by his contemporaries.[10] The case was brought before the Parliament of Paris, whose sentence was quite lenient: Servet could continue to study medicine if he showed more respect for his teachers. Tagault resigned as dean in 1538 and devoted himself to surgery.[4]

He became the leader of the faculty's anatomical school where he commented on the works of Guy de Chauliac on which he wrote Metaphrasis in guidonem de Caulacio perhaps in the hope of being appointed royal lecturer in surgery by Francis I but the post was awarded in 1542 to Guido Guidi, a Florentine physician and surgeon.

Tagault then completed his book and published five volumes entitled De chirurgica institutione libri quinque in 1543, published by Chrétien Wechel. His collaborator, Jacques Houllier [fr], then added a sixth volume on surgical subjects.[2]

Tagault continued to devote himself to surgery. His students included Benoît Textor [fr], who became Calvin's doctor,[6] Jacobus Sylvius, with whom he later worked.[4] Shortly before his death, Francis I appointed him doctor of the Conciergerie, but he was never the king's first physician.

Before his death, Tagault entrusted the French translation of his book to Jean Bauhin, a collaborator of Guillaume Rouillé,[4] who was responsible for its publication as part of the francization of medicine initiated by Jean Canappe.[11]

Works

  • Tagault, Jean (1537). De purgantibus medicamentis simplicibus libri II (in Latin). Prato: apud Galeotum. Retrieved 3 March 2021.
  • Taguault Jean, (1543) Metaphrasis in Guidonem de Cauliaco[12][13]
  • Tagaut, Jean; Houllier, Jacques (1543). De chirurgica institutione libri quinque (in Latin). Paris: Christian Wechel. Retrieved 3 March 2021.</ref>De chirurgica institutione libri quinque republished in several languages.

Legacy

A street bears his name in Amiens: rue Tagault. (49°53′54″N 2°17′58″E / 49.8982°N 2.2993467507921714°E / 49.8982; 2.2993467507921714)

References

  1. ^ Société des antiquaires de Picardie (1858). Mémoires de la Société des antiquaires de Picardie (in French). Amiens: A. Caron. p. 324. Retrieved 3 March 2021.
  2. ^ a b c Dechambre, Amédée, ed. (1874–1885). Dictionnaire encyclopédique des sciences médicales. Troisième série, Q-T. Tome quinzième, SYS-TAR (in French). Paris: G. Masson. p. 551.
  3. ^ Cartier, Alfred (1893). "Arrêt du Conseil sur le fait de la librairie et de l'imprimerie". Arrêts du conseil de Genève sur le fait de l'imprimerie et de la librairie de 1541 à 1550 (in French). Genève: Georg & C°: 133. Retrieved 3 March 2021.
  4. ^ a b c d e Maurits Biesbrouck, Theodoor Goddeeris, Omer Steeno (2017). "Jean Tagault (c. 1486–1546), professor heelkunde in Parijs, plagiator van Vesalius' Tabulae anatomicae sex (1538)?". In Monte Artium (in Dutch). 10: 7–63. doi:10.1484/J.IMA.5.114681. Retrieved 17 October 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. ^ José Loncke. "31 juillet 1560. le poète Jean Tagaut". croirepublications.com. Retrieved 3 March 2021.
  6. ^ a b c Franco Giacone (1995). Odes à Pasithée. Introduction (in French). Librairie Droz. ISBN 2600000887. Retrieved 3 March 2021..
  7. ^ Antoine Laurent, Jessé Bayle, Auguste Thillaye (1855). Biographie médicale par ordre chronologique (in French). Vol. 1. Adolphe Delahays. p. 286. Retrieved 3 March 2021.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  8. ^ Larousse, Pierre (1866–1877). Grand dictionnaire universel du XIXe siècle (in French). Paris. p. 1397. Retrieved 3 March 2021.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  9. ^ Laurent Jaffro, Geneviève Artigas-Menant (2005). Protestants, protestantisme et pensée clandestine (in French). Presses Paris Sorbonne. p. 397. ISBN 2840503980. Retrieved 3 March 2021.
  10. ^ Leuwers, Hélène (2016). "Construire la norme des métiers de santé au Parlement de Paris (xive-début du xvie siècle)". Médiévales (in French). 71 (71): 137–158. doi:10.4000/medievales.7977. Retrieved 12 March 2021.
  11. ^ Évelyne Berriot-Salvadore (2012). "Enseigner les " indoctes ", vulgariser la médecine". Seizième Siècle (in French). 8: 141–154. doi:10.3406/xvi.2012.1048. Retrieved 3 March 2021.
  12. ^ Portal, Antoine (1773). Histoire de l'anatomie et de la chirurgie (in French). paris: P. Fr. Didot le jeune. p. 751. Retrieved 4 March 2021.
  13. ^ Louandre, François César (1829). Biographie d'Abbeville et de ses environs (in French). Abbeville: Imprimerie de Devérité. p. 313.
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