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Judiciary of Afghanistan

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Afghanistan's judicial system deteriorated during the Soviet occupation, and justice was administered by strict Islamic law during the Taliban era (1996–2001).[1] To replace the ad hoc system in place under the transitional government, the constitution of 2004 stipulated that the Supreme Court include nine justices appointed by the president, with approval of the Wolesa Jirga, for 10-year terms.[1] Below the Supreme Court are high and appeals courts.[1] A National Security Court handles cases of terrorism and other threats to national security.[1]

Every province has a lower and a higher court;[1] one is the highest authoritative source called the Supreme Court and another is the Office of the Attorney General, whose main assignment is to investigate cases first referred to a court.[citation needed] Both the branches work together.[citation needed] The Supreme Court also has local branches at provincial and district levels.[citation needed] Judicial procedures are influenced by local authorities and traditions and the supply of trained jurists is very limited.[1] In 2002 the transitional government established an education program run by Italian judicial experts to prepare judges, prosecutors, and defense lawyers. Although some individuals received secular judicial training in the early 2000s, the majority of local court officials came from Muslim religious schools and lacked judicial skills.[1] However, the nominal requirements for participation in the judiciary are relatively high, and the pay is quite low.[citation needed] The respective roles of Islamic and secular law in the new national judicial system have not been well established; a large portion of the current law code is based on laws passed under the last king, Mohammad Zahir Shah (ruled 1933–73).[1] In rural areas, where local elders and tribal authorities resolve criminal cases, Taliban laws have remained in effect, and verdicts often are based on Islamic and tribal law.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Country Profile: Afghanistan" (PDF). Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. August 2008. Retrieved November 5, 2020. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)

Further reading

  • M. Tondini, Ubi Maior, Ibi Ius: Assessing Justice System Reform in Afghanistan, Lucca (IT): PhD Thesis at IMT - Institute for Advanced Studies, 2008 (abstract available here).
  • M. Tondini, Justice Sector Reform in Afghanistan: From a 'Lead Nation' Approach to a 'Mixed Ownership' Regime?, in Transition Studies Review, Vol. 15, No. 4, 2009, 660 - 673 (available here)
  • M. Tondini, From Neo-Colonialism to a 'Light-Footprint Approach': Restoring Justice Systems, in International Peacekeeping, Vol. 15, No. 2, 2008, 237 - 251 (preprint available here[permanent dead link]).
  • M. Tondini, Rebuilding the System of Justice in Afghanistan: A Preliminary Assessment, in Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding, Vol. 1, No. 3, 2007, 333 - 354
  • M. Tondini, The Role of Italy in Rebuilding the Judicial System in Afghanistan, in Revue de droit militaire et de droit de la guerre, Vol. 45, No. 1 - 2, 2006, 79 - 118.
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