Kamen (volcano)
| Kamen | |
|---|---|
 Kamchatka volcanoes: Klyuchevskaya Sopka (top), Bezymianny (bottom), both in activity, and the Kamen (middle). | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 4,585 m (15,043 ft) |
| Coordinates | 56°01′12″N 160°35′35″E / 56.02°N 160.593°E |
| Naming | |
| Native name | Камень (Russian) |
| English translation | Stone |
| Geography | |
  Kamen Location in Kamchatka Krai, Russia | |
| Location | Kamchatka, Russia |
| Parent range | Eastern Range |
| Geology | |
| Mountain type | Stratovolcano |
| Last eruption | Unknown |
Kamen (Russian: Камень, literally Stone) is a dormant stratovolcano located in the southern part of Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia, flanked by Bezymianny and Kluchevskaya. It is the second highest volcano of Kamchatka.
History
[edit]Kamen was formed over large lava plateaus in two different stages of eruptions. The first stage of eruptions was explosive and produced pyroclastic debris which mainly contained tuffs while the second stage aimed to be the opposite. This stage created lava flows which began the formation of dikes (often reaching up to 2 kilometers long and 5 meters thick) as magma moved down the volcano. These same eruption stages were also how Kamen's neighboring volcanos were formed.[1][2] As Kamen continued to age, so did the compositions within its lava. When the stratovolcano was first born, the lava it would often produce would contain mafic materials. However as Kamen grew older, it started to show a decline in these minerals.[1]
Collapses
[edit]Between 10,000 and 11,000 years ago, Kamen had gone dormant due to its magma supply being removed. This has later resulted in the destruction of the volcano's cone due to gravitational collapse as well as other natural occurrences.[3] Because of these collapses, Kamen hasn't been able to maintain its original structure, in fact only about 60% of the volcano's original topography remains with the edifice being mostly destroyed.[4] After these collapses emerged, they were able to create debris avalanche deposits and Toreva blocks which were actually materials that were once part of the volcanic cone.[3][4] However these collapses did not only cause destruction, in fact they were able to support the formation of a new volcano called Bezymianny which composes of volcanic breccia called Griva and Studyonyi.[4]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]
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- ^ a b Churikova, Tatiana G.; Gordeychik, Boris N.; Ivanov, Boris V.; Wörner, Gerhard (1 August 2013). "Relationship between Kamen Volcano and the Klyuchevskaya group of volcanoes (Kamchatka)". Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 263: 3–21. doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2013.01.019.
- ^ T., Churikova; B., Gordeichik; B., Ivanov (2012). "Petrochemistry of Kamen volcano: A comparison with neighboring volcanoes of the Klyuchevskoy group". Journal of Volcanology & Seismology. 6 (3): 150–171. doi:10.1134/S0742046312030037.
- ^ a b Churikova, Tatiana G.; Gordeychik, Boris N.; Ivanov, Boris V.; Wörner, Gerhard (1 August 2013). "Relationship between Kamen Volcano and the Klyuchevskaya group of volcanoes (Kamchatka)". Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 263: 3–21. doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2013.01.019.
- ^ a b c Ponomareva, Vera V.; Melekestsev, Ivan V.; Dirksen, Oleg V. (November 2006). "Sector collapses and large landslides on Late Pleistocene–Holocene volcanoes in Kamchatka, Russia". Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 158 (1–2): 117–138. doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2006.04.016.