List of minor biblical tribes

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This list contains tribes or other groups of people named in the Bible of minor notability, about whom either nothing or very little is known, aside from any family connections.

A

Accaba, descendants of

For the descendants of "Accaba" (1 Esdras 5:30, Revised Version), see the entry for Hagab.

Agaba, descendants of

For the "Agaba" of 1 Esdras 5:30, see Hagab.

Ahumai

Ahumai, according to 1 Chronicles 4:2, was the name of a clan within the Tribe of Judah.[1] The name "Ahuman" appears only in this verse of the Hebrew Bible, and manuscripts of the Greek Septuagint read Acheimei, Achimai or Achiman.[1] The Encyclopaedia Biblica raises the possibility that the correct reading is "Ahiman" rather than "Ahumai."[1]

Apharsachites

A company of the colonists whom the Assyrian king planted in Samaria (Ezra 5:6–7).

Apharsathchites

Apharsathchites, according to Ezra 4:9, were among the groups of people who wrote a letter to the Persian emperor in opposition to the rebuilding of Jerusalem. The exact spelling "Apharsathchites" occurs only in Ezra 4:9.[2] However, an alternate form of the same name, "Apharsachites," appears in Ezra 5:6 and 6:6.[3] According to the Encyclopaedia Biblica, the term seems to be "the title of certain officers under Darius," and it is "misunderstood" as referring to a tribe of people.[3]

Apharsites

Another of the tribes removed to Samaria, or perhaps the same as the Apharsachites (Ezra 4:9).

Arkites

See also Canaan (son of Ham)

Arkites, also Archites were descendants of Canaan, according to Genesis 10:17 and 1 Chronicles 1:15, and were also inhabitants of the land of Canaan, according to Joshua 16:2. David's friend Hushai was an Arkite (2 Samuel 15:32). The Arkites inhabited Arqa, a city in the north of what is now Lebanon.

Arvadites

See also Canaan (son of Ham)

Arvadites were descendants of Canaan, according to Genesis 10:18 and 1 Chronicles 1:16. They inhabited Arvad/Arwad, an island city that is now part of Syria.

Asshurites

The Asshurites (also called Ashurites or Asshurim) are a group of people who, according to Genesis 25:3, descended from Dedad, the son of Jokshan, the son of Abraham. Their exact historical identity is unknown, but the name may refer to an Assyrian or Egyptian tribe, or it may be a generic term for peasants.[4]

C

Chemarims

In the King James Version of the Bible, people known as "Chemarims" (Hebrew kemarim) are mentioned in Zephaniah 1:4 as people to be punished by God for their associations with idolatry. In most later translations the noun is treated as a common noun meaning "idolatrous priests" or something similar.[5] The underlying Hebrew term also appears in 2 Kings 23:5 and Hosea 10:5, and its precise meaning is not known.[6]

Cheran

Cheran is the name given to a Horite clan in Genesis 36:28 and 1 Chronicles 1:41.[7] While the passage containing "Cheran" is written as though it were a genealogy of individuals, it expresses the relationship between various Horite clans as they understood by the writer of Genesis.[8]

D

Darkon, descendants of

In Ezra 2:56 and Nehemiah 7:58, which both reproduce versions of the same list, the bene darkon ("sons" i.e. "descendants" of Darkon) appear as one of the groups of the "descendants of Solomon's servants" said to have returned from the Babylonian captivity to Jerusalem and Judah.

Dishon

Dishon is a Horite clan name that appears in the Hebrew Bible in 1 Chronicles 1 and Genesis 36. The passages involved are about the relations between Horite clans, but they are written as though the subject matter was the genealogical relationships between individuals, one of them named "Dishon."[8] Dishon is described two times as the fifth son of Seir, but one time he is described as the son of Anah, who is in turn the son of Seir.[8]

E

Eleadah

Eleadah, Elead, or Eladah is the name of a clan in the tribe of Ephraim, personified as an individual in 1 Chronicles 7:20.[9] The individual who appears in 7:20 is called "Eladah" or "Eleadah" depending on how one translates the Hebrew name, while an "Elead" appears in verse 21. This "Elead" may possibly be a repetition of the same name.[10] It is still uncertain exactly how the Chronicler intended for the names in verses 20 and 21 to relate to one another.[10]

Elkoshites

The term Elkoshite appears only in Nahum 1:1, where the prophet is called "Nahum the Elkoshite." It would seem to come from the name of a town named "Elkosh," but no such town has been positively identified.[11][12]

Elmadam

Elmadam or Elmodam is the name of a figure in the genealogy of Jesus according to Luke.[13] Where the Greek has Elmadam, the Peshitta has Elmodad. The Encyclopaedia Biblica (1899) suggests that the original Semitic name is Elmatham, a form of the name Elnathan.[14]

Eshban

Eshban is a name found in a genealogy in Genesis and Chronicles.[15] In both genealogies, Eshban is identified as the son of Dishon, the son of Anah, the son of Zibeon, the son of Seir the Horite. The name refers to a Horite clan.[16]

G

Gammadim

Gammadim (KJV Gammadims) are a group or class of people mentioned only in Ezekiel 27:11, in a passage which lists them, along with various other groups of people, as defenders of Tyre. Some Hebrew manuscripts spell the name as Gammarim, while the Septuagint and other ancient Greek versions interpret it in a wide variety of ways.[17] Some interpreters have taken it to refer to Cimmerians or Capadocians.

The Gammadim are listed alongside Arvadites in Ezekiel, just as the Zemarites (Hebrew Tsemarim) are listed alongside Avadites in Genesis 10:18. Because of this parallel between Zemarites and Gammadim, as well as the similarities in appearance of the two words as written in the consonantal Hebrew text, Thomas Kelly Cheyne believed that the current text of Ezekiel only has "Gammadims" as a result of a scribal error, and that Ezekiel 27:11 originally read "Zemarites."[17]

Garmites

Garmite (Hebrew, garmi) is a term that appears in passing only once in the Masoretic Text of the Hebrew Bible, in a genealogical passage which mentions a member of the Tribe of Judah referred to as "Keilah the Garmite".[18] Where the Hebrew reads "the garmi", various manuscripts of the Greek Septuagint read "atamei", "the tarmi", or "the garmei".[19] Thomas Kelly Cheyne wrote that the name "Keilah the Garmite" may have been a mistaken form of the originally intended "Keilah the Calebite."[19]

Gatam

For the Edomite clan name "Gatam," see List of minor biblical figures § Gatam.

Gazzam

Gazzam is the family name of a group of Nethinim in Ezra 2:48 and Nehemiah 7:51.[20] Both instances are in copies of a list which claims to contain the family names of people who returned from the Babylonian captivity to Yehud Medinata.

Girgashites

Girgashites, or Girgasites, were descendants of Canaan, according to Genesis 10:16 and 1 Chronicles 1:14, and they also were inhabitants of the land of Canaan, according to Genesis 15:21, Deuteronomy 7:1, Joshua 3:10, 24:11, and Nehemiah 9:8. At times, they are not listed along with the other Canaanite tribes inhabiting the Holy Land; according to some, such as Rashi,[21] this is because they left the Land of Israel before the Israelites returned from Egypt.

Gibbar

For the "sons of Gibbar" see List of minor biblical places § Gibbar.

Ginnath

For the possible biblical clan-name Ginnath, see List of minor biblical figures § Ginath.

H

Haahashtari

See Haahashtari

Habaiah, descendants of

For the priestly family in Ezra 2, see Habaiah.

Hagab, descendants of

The descendants of Hagab, whose name means "grasshopper," are listed among the families of Nethinim, or temple assistants, who returned to Jerusalem from the Babylonian captivity in Ezra 2:46 and the parallel verse, Nehemiah 7:48.[22] The Greek Septuagint manuscripts of Ezra and Nehemiah record the name as Agab or Gaba.[22]

The name also appears in 1 Esdras 5:30, where the Revised Standard Version reads "Hagab" while the King James Version has "Agaba" and the Revised Version "Accaba."[22][23]

The Book of Acts has a prophet who shared a form of the same name: Agabus.[24][22]

Hagabah, descendants of

See Hagabah.

Hakupha, descendants of

The family Hakupha (also Acipha or Achipha) is listed as a sub-group of the Nethinim in Ezra 2:51, Nehemiah 7:53, and 1 Esdras 5:31.[25] In manuscripts of the Greek Septuagint the name appears in the forms Apheika, Akoupha, Akeipha, and Acheiba.[25] The name might mean "crooked."[25]

Hamathites

See also Canaan (son of Ham)

Hamathites were descendants of Canaan, according to Genesis 10:18 and 1 Chronicles 1:16. They inhabited the Kingdom of Hamath, located in what is now western Syria and northern Lebanon.

Harhur

Harhur is recorded in Ezra 2:51 and Nehemiah 7:53 as the collective name of a group of Nethinim who returned to Judah after the Babylonian captivity.[26] The phrase used to describe this group is b'nei harhur, literally "sons of Harhur," which can be interpreted either as "descendants of [a person named] Harhur" or "people from [a place named] Harhur."[26]

Haruphites

Haruphite is a term applied to "Shephatiah the Haruphite" in 1 Chronicles 12:6 (or verse 5) in some Bibles. The form "Haruphite" is used in the Qere, or the form of the text as traditionally read out loud in synagogues. The Ketiv, the form of the text written in the main body of the Masoretic Text but not traditionally read aloud in synagogues, calls Sephatiah a "Hariphite."[27][28] The term "Hariphite" or "Haruphite" may refer to the same group of people called by the family name Hariph.[28]

Hashum

Hashum is the name of a family or clan listed in Ezra 2:19 as returnees to Jerusalem from the Babylonian captivity. The Book of Ezra records that 233 members of this group returned to Jerusalem. The original pronunciation of the name is uncertain: it may have once been Hashim.[29]

Hatita

Hatita is the name given to a family or clan of porters in Ezra-Nehemiah's list of people who returned to Yehud Medinata after the Babylonian captivity.[30]

Hattil, descendants of

See Hattil.

Hepherites

For information about the Hepherites mentioned in Numbers 26:32, see List of minor biblical places § Hepher.

Horonites

In the Book of Nehemiah, one of Nehemiah's enemies is called Sanballat the Horonite. Scholars have disagreed as to whether this identifies Sanballat as hailing from Beth-horon (in Samaria) or from Horonaim (in Moab).[31]

I

Ishbah

Ishbah is the name of a clan mentioned in 1 Chronicles 4:17, to which the people of Eshtemoa belonged.[32] The passage describes relationships between clans and regions in terms of genealogical relationships, personifying them as if individual persons.[32] "Ishbah" is not described as having a named "mother" or "father" in the Hebrew Masoretic Text, but the Greek Septuagint Ishbah is described as the "son" of Jether.[32]

Ishvites

See Ishvi.

Ithran

For the Horite clan named Ithran, see List of minor biblical figures § Ithran.

J

Jahmai

Jahmai is the name of a clan in the Tribe of Issachar, mentioned only in 1 Chronicles 7:2.[33]

Jakim

This section is about a group of priests referred to collectively by the name Jakim. For individuals of the same name, see List of minor biblical figures § Jakim.

Jakim is a Priestly division mentioned in 1 Chronicles 24:12. According to 1 Chronicles 24, in the time of David a systematic plan was created, in which priests were divided into twenty-four courses, which were responsible on a rotating basis for carrying out duties related to the temple at Jerusalem. Jakim is listed as the twelfth of the priestly courses.

Janai

For the clan referred to as Janai or Jaanai, see List of minor biblical figures § Janai.

Japhlet

Japhlet is the name given to a clan in the Tribe of Asher.[34] The Japhlet of Asher should not be confused with the "Japhletites" referred to in Joshua 16:3.[35]

Japhletites

The Japhletites were a community referred to in Joshua 16:3 located at the western point of the boundary of the land allocated to the tribe of Ephraim in the lots drawn by Joshua and Eleazar. The King James Version refers to "the coast of Japhleti". "This place is now unknown".[36]

L

Lahad

Lahad, only mentioned in 1 Chronicles 4:2, is the name given for a clan within the Tribe of Judah.[37]

Lehabim

Lehabim were a people descended from Mizraim, according to Genesis 10:13, 1 Chronicles 1:11. Their exact identity is unknown, but the name may refer to Libyans.[38] See Lubims, Libu, and Ancient Libya.

M

Maacathites

The term Maacathite, Maachathite, or Maachathi is used to refer to the people of Maacah.[39]

Magbish, descendants of

The descendants [literally, sons] of Magbish is the name given to a group of 156 people listed in Ezra 2:30 as returning from the Babylonian captivity with Zerubbabel. This group is absent from the parallel list in Nehemiah 7.[40]

Mahavites

"Eliel the Mahavite" (Hebrew eliel hammahavim) is a figure who appears in some translations[41] of the Bible at 1 Chronicles 11:46. However, due to the plural form of the word translated Mahavite, the Encyclopaedia Biblica suggests that some mistake has occurred at some point in the history of the text, and that the translation "Eliel the Mahavite" "cannot be legitimately obtained from the present state of the text."[42]

Malchielites

The Malchielites were a group within the Tribe of Asher, who according to 1 Chronicles 7:31, were descended from Asher's grandson Malchiel.

Manahathites

Manahathites (King James Version spelling Manahethites) were a group mentioned in 1 Chronicles 2:52 and 54, in a genealogical passage concerning the descendants of Caleb of the Tribe of Judah. Chronicles attributes half of the Manahathites to descent from Shobal and the rest to Salma, both of them being descendants of Caleb. Their name is related to the Manahath son of Shobal the Horite, who is mentioned in 1 Chronicles 1:40.[43]

Maon

This entry is about the people referred to as Maon. For the location, see List of minor biblical places § Maon.

Maon, according to Judges 10:12, were a people who, along with the Sidonians and Amalek, oppressed the people of Israel. There is also a location known as Maon mentioned several times in the Bible, but the people by that name are mentioned nowhere but the passage in Judges.[44]

Meunim

The term Meunim (archaically spelled Mehunim, Mehunims) is used in Chronicles and Ezra-Nehemiah. In 2 Chronicles 26:7, the Meunim appear in a list of Philistine peoples conquered by king Uzziah. In 1 Chronicles 4:4, people from the Tribe of Simeon are held to have exterminated "descendants of Ham" and Meunim living east of the Jordan. Finally, Ezra 2:50 and the parallel passage in Nehemiah 7:52 list Meunim among groups of Nethinim returning to Yehud Medinata following the end of the Babylonian captivity.

Mezobaites

For the term Mesobaite or Mezobaite, see List of minor biblical figures § Jaasiel.

Mishraites

The Mishraites, mentioned only in 1 Chronicles 2:53, where a clan said by the Chronicler to have lived in Kirjath-jearim after the Babylonian captivity.[45]

Mithnites

In 1 Chronicles 11:43, a man is referred as "Joshaphat the Mithnite."

N

Naphtuhim

Naphtuhim were a people descended from Mizraim, according to Genesis 10:13, 1 Chronicles 1:11.

S

Sinites

See also: Canaan (son of Ham)

Sinites were a people descended from Canaan, son of Ham, according to Genesis 10:17 and 1 Chronicles 1:15. Most authorities however consider the identity of Sinites uncertain, but that they are possibly a people from the northern part of Lebanon where there are various localities with similar names, such as Sinna, Sinum or Sini, and Syn.[46][47][48]

Z

Zemarites

See also Canaan (son of Ham)

Zemarites were descendants of Canaan, according to Genesis 10:18 and 1 Chronicles 1:16. They inhabited Zemar, a city near the coast of present-day Syria.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c T. K. Cheyne; J. Sutherland Black, eds. (1901) [1899]. "Ahumai". Encyclopaedia Biblica: A Critical Dictionary of the Literary, Political, and Religious History, the Archaeology, Geography, and Natural History of the Bible. Vol. 1, A–D. New York: The Macmillan Company.
  2. ^ T. K. Cheyne; J. Sutherland Black, eds. (1901) [1899]. "Apharsathchites". Encyclopaedia Biblica: A Critical Dictionary of the Literary, Political, and Religious History, the Archaeology, Geography, and Natural History of the Bible. Vol. 1, A–D. New York: The Macmillan Company.
  3. ^ a b T. K. Cheyne; J. Sutherland Black, eds. (1901) [1899]. "Apharsachites". Encyclopaedia Biblica: A Critical Dictionary of the Literary, Political, and Religious History, the Archaeology, Geography, and Natural History of the Bible. Vol. 1, A–D. New York: The Macmillan Company.
  4. ^ Bruce K. Waltke (22 November 2016). Genesis: A Commentary. Zondervan. pp. 325–326. ISBN 978-0-310-53102-9.
  5. ^ For a survey of biblical translations, see
  6. ^ Walter A. Elwell; Philip Wesley Comfort (2001). Tyndale Bible Dictionary. Tyndale House Publishers. p. 264. ISBN 978-0-8423-7089-9.
  7. ^ T. K. Cheyne; J. Sutherland Black, eds. (1901) [1899]. "Cheran". Encyclopaedia Biblica: A Critical Dictionary of the Literary, Political, and Religious History, the Archaeology, Geography, and Natural History of the Bible. Vol. 1, A–D. New York: The Macmillan Company.
  8. ^ a b c T. K. Cheyne; J. Sutherland Black, eds. (1901) [1899]. "Dishon". Encyclopaedia Biblica: A Critical Dictionary of the Literary, Political, and Religious History, the Archaeology, Geography, and Natural History of the Bible. Vol. 1, A–D. New York: The Macmillan Company.
  9. ^ T. K. Cheyne; J. Sutherland Black, eds. (1901) [1899]. "Eladah". Encyclopaedia Biblica: A Critical Dictionary of the Literary, Political, and Religious History, the Archaeology, Geography, and Natural History of the Bible. Vol. 1, A–D. New York: The Macmillan Company.
  10. ^ a b Mark J. Boda (2010). 1-2 Chronicles. Tyndale House Publishers. p. 81. ISBN 978-0-8423-3431-0.
  11. ^ Karl Budde (1901) [1899]. "Elkoshite, the". In T. K. Cheyne; J. Sutherland Black (eds.). Encyclopaedia Biblica: A Critical Dictionary of the Literary, Political, and Religious History, the Archaeology, Geography, and Natural History of the Bible. Vol. 2, E–K. New York: The Macmillan Company.
  12. ^ J. D. Douglas; Merrill C. Tenney (3 May 2011). Zondervan Illustrated Bible Dictionary. Harper Collins. p. 413. ISBN 978-0-310-49235-1.
  13. ^ Luke 3:28
  14. ^ T. K. Cheyne; J. Sutherland Black, eds. (1901) [1899]. "Elmodam". Encyclopaedia Biblica: A Critical Dictionary of the Literary, Political, and Religious History, the Archaeology, Geography, and Natural History of the Bible. Vol. 2, E–K. New York: The Macmillan Company.
  15. ^ Genesis 36:26 and 1 Chronicles 1:41
  16. ^ T. K. Cheyne; J. Sutherland Black, eds. (1901) [1899]. "Eshban". Encyclopaedia Biblica: A Critical Dictionary of the Literary, Political, and Religious History, the Archaeology, Geography, and Natural History of the Bible. Vol. 2, E–K. New York: The Macmillan Company.
  17. ^ a b Thomas Kelly Cheyne (1901) [1899]. "Gammadim". In T. K. Cheyne; J. Sutherland Black (eds.). Encyclopaedia Biblica: A Critical Dictionary of the Literary, Political, and Religious History, the Archaeology, Geography, and Natural History of the Bible. Vol. 2, E–K. New York: The Macmillan Company.
  18. ^ 1 Chronicles 419
  19. ^ a b Thomas Kelly Cheyne (1901) [1899]. "Garmite". In T. K. Cheyne; J. Sutherland Black (eds.). Encyclopaedia Biblica: A Critical Dictionary of the Literary, Political, and Religious History, the Archaeology, Geography, and Natural History of the Bible. Vol. 2, E–K. New York: The Macmillan Company.
  20. ^ T. K. Cheyne; J. Sutherland Black, eds. (1901) [1899]. "Gazzam". Encyclopaedia Biblica: A Critical Dictionary of the Literary, Political, and Religious History, the Archaeology, Geography, and Natural History of the Bible. Vol. 2, E–K. New York: The Macmillan Company.
  21. ^ Rashi on Ex. 33:2, 34:11.
  22. ^ a b c d Cheyne and Black (1899), Encyclopaedia Biblica, entry for "Hagab."
  23. ^ 1 Esdras 5:30, Revised Standard Version
  24. ^ Acts 11:28, 21:10
  25. ^ a b c T. K. Cheyne; J. Sutherland Black, eds. (1901) [1899]. "Hakupha". Encyclopaedia Biblica: A Critical Dictionary of the Literary, Political, and Religious History, the Archaeology, Geography, and Natural History of the Bible. Vol. 2, E–K. New York: The Macmillan Company.
  26. ^ a b T. K. Cheyne; J. Sutherland Black, eds. (1901) [1899]. "Harhur". Encyclopaedia Biblica: A Critical Dictionary of the Literary, Political, and Religious History, the Archaeology, Geography, and Natural History of the Bible. Vol. 2, E–K. New York: The Macmillan Company.
  27. ^ See the Masoretic Hebrew text of 1 Chronicles 12
  28. ^ a b T. K. Cheyne; J. Sutherland Black, eds. (1901) [1899]. "Hariph". Encyclopaedia Biblica: A Critical Dictionary of the Literary, Political, and Religious History, the Archaeology, Geography, and Natural History of the Bible. Vol. 2, E–K. New York: The Macmillan Company.
  29. ^ T. K. Cheyne; J. Sutherland Black, eds. (1901) [1899]. "Hashum". Encyclopaedia Biblica: A Critical Dictionary of the Literary, Political, and Religious History, the Archaeology, Geography, and Natural History of the Bible. Vol. 2, E–K. New York: The Macmillan Company.
  30. ^ Ezra 2:42, Nehemiah 7:45, 1 Esdras 5:28
  31. ^ George Adam Smith (1901) [1899]. "Beth-horon". In T. K. Cheyne; J. Sutherland Black (eds.). Encyclopaedia Biblica: A Critical Dictionary of the Literary, Political, and Religious History, the Archaeology, Geography, and Natural History of the Bible. Vol. 1, A–D. New York: The Macmillan Company.
  32. ^ a b c T. K. Cheyne; J. Sutherland Black, eds. (1901) [1899]. "Ishbah". Encyclopaedia Biblica: A Critical Dictionary of the Literary, Political, and Religious History, the Archaeology, Geography, and Natural History of the Bible. Vol. 2, E–K. New York: The Macmillan Company.
  33. ^ Stanley Arthur Cook (1901) [1899]. "Jahmai". In T. K. Cheyne; J. Sutherland Black (eds.). Encyclopaedia Biblica: A Critical Dictionary of the Literary, Political, and Religious History, the Archaeology, Geography, and Natural History of the Bible. Vol. 2, E–K. New York: The Macmillan Company.
  34. ^ T. K. Cheyne; J. Sutherland Black, eds. (1901) [1899]. "Japhlet". Encyclopaedia Biblica: A Critical Dictionary of the Literary, Political, and Religious History, the Archaeology, Geography, and Natural History of the Bible. Vol. 2, E–K. New York: The Macmillan Company.
  35. ^ T. K. Cheyne; J. Sutherland Black, eds. (1901) [1899]. "Japhleti". Encyclopaedia Biblica: A Critical Dictionary of the Literary, Political, and Religious History, the Archaeology, Geography, and Natural History of the Bible. Vol. 2, E–K. New York: The Macmillan Company.
  36. ^ Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible on Joshua 16, accessed 13 August 2016
  37. ^ Thomas Kelly Cheyne (1901) [1899]. "Lahad". In T. K. Cheyne; J. Sutherland Black (eds.). Encyclopaedia Biblica: A Critical Dictionary of the Literary, Political, and Religious History, the Archaeology, Geography, and Natural History of the Bible. Vol. 2, E–K. New York: The Macmillan Company.
  38. ^ J. D. Douglas; Merrill C. Tenney; Moises Silva (3 May 2011). Zondervan Illustrated Bible Dictionary. Harper Collins. p. 842. ISBN 978-0-310-49235-1.
  39. ^ Thomas Kelly Cheyne (1901) [1899]. "Maacah". In T. K. Cheyne; J. Sutherland Black (eds.). Encyclopaedia Biblica: A Critical Dictionary of the Literary, Political, and Religious History, the Archaeology, Geography, and Natural History of the Bible. Vol. 3, L–P. New York: The Macmillan Company.
  40. ^ Thomas Kelly Cheyne (1901) [1899]. "Magpish". In T. K. Cheyne; J. Sutherland Black (eds.). Encyclopaedia Biblica: A Critical Dictionary of the Literary, Political, and Religious History, the Archaeology, Geography, and Natural History of the Bible. Vol. 3, L–P. New York: The Macmillan Company.
  41. ^ For example, the KJV, NIV, ESV, NASB, Holman, NET.
  42. ^ T. K. Cheyne; J. Sutherland Black, eds. (1901) [1899]. "Mahavite". Encyclopaedia Biblica: A Critical Dictionary of the Literary, Political, and Religious History, the Archaeology, Geography, and Natural History of the Bible. Vol. 3, L–P. New York: The Macmillan Company.
  43. ^ T. K. Cheyne; J. Sutherland Black, eds. (1901) [1899]. "Manahath". Encyclopaedia Biblica: A Critical Dictionary of the Literary, Political, and Religious History, the Archaeology, Geography, and Natural History of the Bible. Vol. 3, L–P. New York: The Macmillan Company.
  44. ^ Thomas Kelly Cheyne (1901) [1899]. "Maon (both entries)". In T. K. Cheyne; J. Sutherland Black (eds.). Encyclopaedia Biblica: A Critical Dictionary of the Literary, Political, and Religious History, the Archaeology, Geography, and Natural History of the Bible. Vol. 3, L–P. New York: The Macmillan Company.
  45. ^ T. K. Cheyne; J. Sutherland Black, eds. (1901) [1899]. "Mishraites". Encyclopaedia Biblica: A Critical Dictionary of the Literary, Political, and Religious History, the Archaeology, Geography, and Natural History of the Bible. Vol. 3, L–P. New York: The Macmillan Company.
  46. ^ John Kitto (ed.). A cyclopædia of biblical literature. p. 773.
  47. ^ Encyclopaedic dictionary of the Bible. 1893. p. 1327. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |editors= ignored (|editor= suggested) (help)
  48. ^ "Sinites". NetBible.

Public Domain This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Easton, Matthew George (1897). Easton's Bible Dictionary (New and revised ed.). T. Nelson and Sons. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

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