Neotropical parrot

Neotropical Parrots
Blue-and-yellow Macaw.
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Psittaciformes
Family:	Psittacidae
Genera
c.32, see list
Synonyms
Arini

The Neotropical parrots belong to the subfamily Arinae^{[citation needed]} part of the family of the true parrots Psittacidae. Several species and one of the 32 modern genera have become extinct in recent centuries. Though fairly few fossils of modern parrots are known, most of these are from Arini. They attest that modern genera were mostly distinct by the Pleistocene, a few million years ago.

They consist of two main groups, easily recognized as short-tailed and long-tailed species.

Taxonomy

The following sources:Brown and Toft (1999), Ribas et al. (2005), Schweizer et al. (2010), White et al. (2011), Wright et al. (2008).

Arinae

• Tribe Forpini
  • Forpus (7 species)
• Tribe Brotogerini
  • Brotogeris (8 species)
  • Myiopsitta (1-2 species)
• Tribe Bolborhynchini
  • Nannopsittaca (2 species)
  • Psilopsiagon (2 species, formerly in Bolborhynchus)
  • Bolborhynchus (3 species)
  • Touit (8 species)
• Tribe Amazonini
  • Pionopsitta – Pileated Parrot
  • Triclaria – Blue-bellied Parrot
  • Hapalopsittaca (4 species)
  • Pyrilia (7 species; all previously included in Pionopsitta).
  • Pionus (7 or 8 species)
  • Graydidascalus – Short-tailed Parrot
  • Alipiopsitta – Yellow-faced Parrot (previously in Amazona, Salvatoria)
  • Amazona – amazon parrots (about 30 living species - one subspecies recently extinct)
• Tribe Arini
  • Cyanoliseus – Burrowing Parrot
  • Enicognathus (2 species)
  • Rhynchopsitta – thick-billed parrots (2 species)
  • Pionites – caiques (2 species)
  • Deroptyus – Red-fan Parrot
  • Pyrrhura (around two dozen species, one possibly recently extinct)
  • Anodorhynchus – blue macaws (2 living species, 1 probably recently extinct)
  • Leptosittaca – Golden-plumed Parakeet
  • Ognorhynchus – Yellow-eared Parrot
  • Diopsittaca – Red-shouldered Macaw
  • Guarouba – Golden Conure
  • Conuropsis – Carolina Parakeet (extinct)
  • Cyanopsitta – Spix's Macaw (extinct in the wild)
  • Orthopsittaca – Red-bellied Macaw
  • Ara – true macaws (8 living species, and at least one recently extinct)
  • Primolius – Primolius macaws (3 species, previously called Propyrrhura)
  • Aratinga (nearly 25 living species, at least one recently extinct)
  • Nandayus – Black-hooded or Nanday Parakeet/Conure

See also

• List of parrots
• List of macaws
• List of Amazon parrots
• List of Aratinga parakeets

References

• Miyaki, C. Y.; Matioli, S. R.; Burke, T. & Wajntal, A. (1998): Parrot evolution and paleogeographical events: Mitochondrial DNA evidence. Molecular Biology and Evolution 15: 544-551. PDF fulltext
• Ribas, C., R. Gaban-Lima, C. Miyaki, and J. Cracraft (2005). Historical biogeography and diversification within the Neotropical parrot genus Pionopsitta (Aves: Psittacidae). Journal Biogeography 32:1409-1427.
• Split Gypopsitta from Pionopsitta South American Classification Committee.