Pachydyptes

Pachydyptes; Temporal range: Late Eocene 37–34 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
	Pachydyptes ponderosus
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Sphenisciformes
Family:	Spheniscidae
Subfamily:	†Palaeeudyptinae
Genus:	†Pachydyptes; Oliver, 1930
Species:	†P. ponderosus
Binomial name
	†Pachydyptes ponderosus; Oliver, 1930
Synonyms
	Palaeeudyptets antarcticus; Hector, 1873 (partim); Pachydyptes ponderosa; Lowe, 1939 (lapsus); Anthropornis ponderosus; Lowe, 1939; Anthropornis ponderosa; Lowe, 1939 (lapsus); Anthropornis nordenskjoldi; Lowe, 1939 (partim);

Pachydyptes (Pachydyptes ponderosus), also known as the New Zealand giant penguin is an extinct genus of penguin. This taxon is known from a few bones from Late Eocene (37 to 34 MYA) rocks in the area of Otago, which were found in two clades near a base of a tree (Ksepka et al., 2006).

G.G. Simpson, an evolutionary biologist, estimated a height of 140 to 160 cm (about 5 ft) and a weight of around 80 to possibly over 100 kg (Stonehouse, 1975). it was the second-tallest penguin ever, surpassed only by Anthropornis nordenskjoeldi in height, but probably not in weight. This was because of the clade's evolutionary history, where many early penguins were typically found larger in size (Ksepka et al., 2006).

G.G. Simpson had also claimed from the fossil records that the Pachydyptes along with many other early penguin species, descended from flying ancestors (Stonehouse, 1975).

Pachydyptes was slightly larger than Icadyptes salasi, the best-identified of the giant penguins.

References

Ksepka, D., Bertelli, S., & Giannini, N. (2006, October). The phylogeny of the living and fossil Sphenisciformes (penguins). Cladistics, 22(5), 412–441. Web of Science.
Oliver, Walter R. B. (1930). [Genus Pachydyptes]. In: New Zealand birds, 85–86. Wellington: Fine Arts.
Stonehouse, B. (1975). The Biology of Penguins. In Science (Vol. 189, pp. 448–452).

External links

Wikinews: Students find fossilised giant penguin
Geocities Geocities NatureLand 5218: Information and good reconstruction (in Japanese)