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Riad Salameh

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Riad Salameh
File:Governor of Banque Du Liban.jpg
Riad Salameh
Governor of Banque du Liban
Incumbent
Assumed office
April 1, 1993
PresidentElias Hrawi
Emile Lahoud
Michel Suleiman
Michel Aoun
Preceded byMichel El Khoury
Personal details
Born
Riad Toufic Salameh

(1950-07-17) July 17, 1950 (age 74)
Antelias
Children4
Alma materCollège Notre Dame de Jamhour
American University of Beirut (BA)
Signature

Riad Toufic Salameh (Arabic: رياض توفيق سلامة, born July 17, 1950) is the current Governor of Lebanon's central bank, Banque du Liban since April 1993.[1][2] He was appointed Governor by decree, approved by the Council of Ministers for a renewable term of six years. He was reappointed for four consecutive terms; in 1999, 2005, 2011 and 2017.[3][4]

He is the longest-serving central bank governor in the world.[5] Although credited for maintaining the stability of the Lebanese pound until 2019,[6] Salameh is accused of corruption, money laundering and running the largest Ponzi scheme in history.[7][8][1]

Early life

Riad Salameh was born in Antelias in 1950 into a Christian Maronite family of successful business people, long based in Liberia.[9] His father Toufic Salameh owned the Cedars Hotel in Broummana, and his mother Raniah was a "well-known charitable activist" and Lebanese Red Cross member who was murdered in 1982.[9] He has three siblings.[9]

Salameh grew up in his grandfather's house in Antelias, and attended the Jesuits' Collège Notre Dame de Jamhour, followed by a bachelor's degree in economics from the American University of Beirut.[9]

Career

Rafic Hariri appointed Salameh as governor of BDL

Merrill Lynch

From 1973 to 1993, Salameh worked at Merrill Lynch in Beirut and Paris,[10] as an executive manager,[11] and then became a vice-president and financial advisor.[12] He met with businessman Rafic Hariri, a huge investor in the company,[13] and became his portfolio manager.[14]

Lebanon's central bank

After the end of the civil war, Hariri became the prime minister and appointed Salameh as the governor of Lebanon's central bank.[14] He took office on August 1, 1993, and was subsequently reappointed for four consecutive terms in 1999, 2005, 2011 and 2017. Salameh chairs the BDL Central Council,[15] the Higher Banking Commission, the AML/CFT Special Investigation Commission[16] and the Capital Markets Authority.

He is a member of the board of governors at the International Monetary Fund (IMF)[17] and at the Arab Monetary Fund (AMF). In 2012, he chaired the annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank Group in Tokyo.[18]

On July 1, 2013, Salameh began a two-year term to co-chair the Financial Stability Board (FSB) Regional Advisory Group for the Middle East and North Africa. He was chairman of the board of governors of the AMF in 2013.

Endeavors

Edward Gardner of the International Monetary Fund praised Salameh's policies: "You could have thought they had a crystal ball. It was very wise of the Lebanese regulators not to get involved in all these risky international investments that turned out to be the doom of many banking systems."[19]

In a 2009 interview with Executive magazine, when asked when will Lebanon feel the impacts of the global financial crisis, Salameh answered:

"Lebanon will not feel the effects of the financial crisis, because we took the necessary measures preemptively. This crisis has turned out to be a confidence crisis. Confidence in the banking sector in Lebanon and in the monetary in general, is very high, as witnessed by the large conversions from dollars to the Lebanese pound. In 2008, de-dollarization was important and the central bank bought more than $8 billion from the markets. Dollarization rates in deposits in the banking sector dropped from 77 percent to around 69 percent during 2008. The measures that we took preemptively were essentially based on preventing the banking sector from leveraging its balance sheets and on the other side, regulating the structured products and forbidding the acquisition of toxic assets — like the sub-prime — by banks. So the banking sector in 2008 recorded profits that were over $1 billion, which was the best year for them. The liquidity that we do have in our system will prevent any crisis in 2009."[20]

In 2016, he launched “financial engineering” operations with local lenders, combining a series of swaps including government debt, and local currency and dollar deposits, which managed to attract foreign reserves and helped to support the country's dollar-pegged currency.[21]

During the 2019–2020 Lebanese protests, Salameh had a feud with the Prime Minister Hassan Diab, as the government decided to default on its foreign obligations, but Salameh preferred to keep using foreign reserves to pay interest to international creditors.[22]

Other positions

Salameh chairs the Banque du Liban Central Council, the Higher Banking Commission,[23] the AML/CFT Special Investigation Commission[16] and the Capital Markets Authority.[24] Salameh is a member of the board of governors at the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and at the Arab Monetary Fund (AMF).

Controversies

Ponzi Allegations

Following the 2019–20 Lebanese protests, the Banque du Liban deposits declined by $31bn in one year, and the loan portfolio of lenders fell by $18bn, thus putting the country in its first financial crisis in three decades. The governor of the Central Bank of Lebanon, who has benefitted from an aura of prestige during 30 years, often referred to as the "magician" of finance, was, since March 2020, associated with this financial crisis by several opinions pages, such as An-Nahar and Bloomberg. According to them, Riad created a Ponzi scheme which has lasted for 30 years and which has led the State into bankruptcy and the national currency fall.[25][26][27][28][29][30][31] French president Emmanuel Macron made the same comparison, calling for more transparency in the Lebanese financial system.[32][33]

The governor answered those allegations that "the interest rates paid in Lebanon were lower than those paid in Egypt and Turkey." Also, he believes that he is "taken as a scapegoat."[34]

Other allegations

In July 2020, a group of Lebanese lawyers formally accused Salameh of various crimes, including the embezzlement of central bank assets, and the mismanagement of public funds.[35] On 20 July, Lebanese judge Faisal Makki ordered a protective freeze on some of Salameh's assets after ruling in favor of a complaint that he had allegedly undermined the financial standing of the state.[36][35]

In August 2020, the Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project (OCCRP) reported that offshore companies owned by Salameh had overseas assets worth nearly US$100 million, primarily real estate, mostly in the United Kingdom, and also in Germany and Belgium.[35]

At the end of December 2020, Riad Salameh, pointed out by some of the demonstrators, announced the opening of an ethical investigation. The inquiry is to audit the country's financial system and to verify whether political figures have used their position to override banking restrictions on foreign currency withdrawals and transfers of funds abroad.[37][34]

In 2021, France and Switzerland opened investigations regarding money laundering by Salameh.[38]

Trial

In February 2022, a subpoena was issued by Judge Ghada Aoun after Riad Salameh failed to show up to court for questioning, while his whereabouts were unknown after a raid in his office and 2 homes, as part of an investigation for alleged misconduct and corruption.[39][40] This sparked controversy with another security agency that was accused of protecting him from trial. Later in March 21, Salameh along with his brother Raja were charged for illicit enrichment by Ghassan Oueidat but also failed to attend for questioning.[41] His brother, Raja Salameh spent a month in detention but was released on May 22 while on a record bail of 100 billion LBP.[42]

On June 21, 2022, his home was raided again by Lebanese security forces.[43]

References

  1. ^ a b Hubbard, Ben; Alderman, Liz (July 17, 2021). "As Lebanon Collapses, the Man With an Iron Grip on Its Finances Faces Questions". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 12, 2021.
  2. ^ "France confirms probe into governor of Lebanese central bank". euronews. June 7, 2021. Retrieved August 12, 2021.
  3. ^ "Riad Salameh mandate renewed unanimously". BusinessNews.com.lb. Retrieved August 12, 2021.
  4. ^ "Sound Policy for a Sound Polity". The Business Year. Retrieved August 12, 2021.
  5. ^ "حكم الأسواق والإفلات من العقاب". الأخبار (in Arabic). Retrieved March 25, 2021.
  6. ^ Hubbard, Ben; Alderman, Liz (July 17, 2021). "As Lebanon Collapses, the Man With an Iron Grip on Its Finances Faces Questions". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 18, 2021.
  7. ^ "France opens probe into personal wealth of Lebanon's central bank chief". France 24. June 6, 2021. Retrieved July 12, 2021.
  8. ^ Enders, David. "Lebanon central bank governor summoned for questioning by judge". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved July 12, 2021.
  9. ^ a b c d "Everything You Want To Know About Riad Salameh". the961.com. April 29, 2020. Retrieved August 12, 2020.
  10. ^ "About Banque du Liban | Biographies of Banque du Liban Governorate".
  11. ^ "Riad Salameh - MarketsWiki, A Commonwealth of Market Knowledge". www.marketswiki.com. Retrieved June 24, 2020.
  12. ^ "riadsalame.net - riadsalame Resources and Information". riadsalame.net.
  13. ^ "رفيق الحريري: الغائب الأكبر عن الانتفاضة اللبنانية". الأخبار (in Arabic). Retrieved May 8, 2021.
  14. ^ a b Dib, Kamal (January 1, 2015). أمراء الحرب وتجار الهيكل [Warlords and Merchants] (in Arabic). Al Manhal. p. 551. ISBN 9796500276311.
  15. ^ "Demonstrating Resiliency". The Business Year. Retrieved June 24, 2020.
  16. ^ a b "About Us - Organizational Chart". Special Investigation Commission. Retrieved April 2, 2019.
  17. ^ "Press Release: Statement at the Conclusion of the IMF's 2010 Article IV Consultation Mission to Lebanon". IMF. Retrieved June 24, 2020.
  18. ^ "Annual Meetings 2012 of the International Monetary Fund and World Bank Group, October 12-14, 2012".
  19. ^ "Lebanon 'immune' to financial crisis". December 5, 2008.
  20. ^ "The Central Bank of Lebanon – Riad Salameh (Q&A)". February 3, 2009.
  21. ^ "Forensic auditor to review every transaction at Lebanon's central bank". Financial Times. May 10, 2020.
  22. ^ "Lebanon gripped by prime minister's feud with bank governor". Financial Times. May 3, 2020.
  23. ^ "Banque du liban".
  24. ^ "CMA".
  25. ^ "Lebanon's embattled central bank governor denies Ponzi scheme and won't resign". The National. September 8, 2020. Retrieved November 3, 2020.
  26. ^ "Riad Salameh, apprenti sorcier de la finance libanaise". Les Echos. Les Echos. September 1, 2020.
  27. ^ "Riad Salameh, la faillite du " magicien " libanais". Le Monde. Le Monde. May 2, 2020.
  28. ^ "Lebanon's Richest Need To Take a Haircut". Bloomberg News. Retrieved November 7, 2019.
  29. ^ "Lebanon's rentier economy and Creative Destruction". annahar. An-Nahar. Retrieved September 30, 2019.
  30. ^ "Dissecting deposits: The case of Lebanon's missing $70 Billion". October 8, 2018. Retrieved October 8, 2018.
  31. ^ "Dollars — The Latest Lebanese Vegetable". October 22, 2018. Retrieved October 21, 2020.
  32. ^ Cornish, Chloe (September 29, 2020). "Lebanese bankers plead their case to some new sheriffs". www.ft.com. Retrieved November 3, 2020.
  33. ^ "Video of french president Emanuel Macron perfectly explaining Riad Salameh's Ponzi Scheme and the fall of the Lebanese banking sector". Twitter. Retrieved November 3, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  34. ^ a b "Riad Salameh, gouverneur de la Banque du Liban : "Je suis pris comme un bouc émissaire"". France 24. France 24. January 8, 2021.
  35. ^ a b c Ameen, Hazem; Ibrahim, Alia (August 11, 2020). "Lebanon's Offshore Governor". OCCRP. Retrieved August 12, 2020.
  36. ^ "Lebanese judge orders 'protective freeze' on assets of c.bank governor". Reuters. July 20, 2020 – via www.reuters.com.
  37. ^ "Riad Salameh sur France 24 : "Le système financier du Liban peut redémarrer"". France 24. France 24. January 30, 2020.
  38. ^ Arnold, Tom (November 15, 2019). "In Lebanon, a renowned central bank governor faces attack". Reuters. Retrieved July 12, 2021.
  39. ^ "Lebanon security forces raid central bank chief's home to execute subpoena". Al Arabiya English. June 22, 2022. Retrieved June 22, 2022.
  40. ^ "Lebanon's Central Bank Chief Vanishes as Corruption Probe Mounts". VOA. Retrieved June 22, 2022.
  41. ^ "Lebanon charges central bank governor Riad Salameh and his brother". The National. March 21, 2022. Retrieved June 22, 2022.
  42. ^ "Diaspora voting numbers, LL100 billion bail for Raja Salameh, election passport renewal: Everything you need to know to start your Friday". L'Orient Today. May 13, 2022. Retrieved October 1, 2022.
  43. ^ "Lebanon security forces sent to raid home of central bank governor". The National. June 21, 2022. Retrieved June 22, 2022.
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