Salamandridae
| True Salamanders and Newts | |
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| Notophthalmus viridescens from North America | |
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| Family: | Salamandridae Goldfuss, 1820
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Calotriton | |
Salamandridae is a family of salamanders consisting of true salamanders and newts. Currently, 74 species (with more expected) have been identified in the northern hemisphere - Europe, Asia, the northern tip of Africa and North America. Salamandrids are distinguished from other salamanders by the lack of rib or costal grooves along the sides of the body and by their rough skin and weird looks.
With a few exceptions, salamandrids have patterns of bright and contrasting colours. They have four well-developed limbs, with four toes on the forelimbs, and (in most cases) five toes on the hindlimbs. They vary from 7 to 30 centimetres (3 to 12 in) in length.[1]
The Alpine salamander and Lanza's fire salamander give birth to live young, without a tadpole stage, but the other species lay their eggs in water. Some newts are neotenic, being able to reproduce before they are fully metamorphosed.[1]
Taxonomy
The genera Chioglossa, Lyciasalamandra, Mertensiella and Salamandra are grouped in the subfamily Salamandrinae, the rest in Pleurodelinae.[2] Those with a more thoroughly aquatic lifestyle are referred to as "newts", but this is not a formal taxonomic description.
Family SALAMANDRIDAE
- Subfamily Pleurodelinae
- Genus Calotriton (Spanish Brook Newts) - 2 species
- Montseny Brook Newt (Calotriton arnoldii)
- Pyrenean Brook Newt (Calotriton asper)
- Genus Cynops (Fire Belly Newts) - 7 species
- Chenggong Fire Belly Newt (Cynops chenggongensis )
- Chuxiong Fire-Bellied Newt (Cynops cyanurus)
- Japanese Sword-Tailed Newt (Cynops ensicauda)
- Chinese Fire Belly Newt (Cynops orientalis)
- Dayang Fire Belly newt (Cynops orphicus)
- Japanese Fire Belly Newt (Cynops pyrrhogaster)
- Yunnan Lake Newt (Cynops wolterstorffi)
- Genus Echinotriton (Crocodile Newts) -2 species
- Anderson's Crocodile Newt (Echinotriton andersoni)
- Chinhai Spiny Newt (Echinotriton chinhaiensis)
- Genus Euproctus (Brook Salamanders) -3 species
- Pyrenean Brook Salamander (Euproctus asper)
- Corsican Brook Salamander (Euproctus montanus)
- Sardinian Brook Salamander (Euproctus platycephalus)
- Genus Lissotriton (Small bodied Newts) - 5 species
- Bosca's Newt (Lissotriton boscai)
- Palmate Newt (Lissotriton helveticus)
- Italian Newt (Lissotriton italicus)
- Carpathian Newt (Lissotriton montandoni)
- Smooth Newt (Lissotriton vulgaris)
- Genus Mesotriton (Alpine Newts) - 1 species
- Alpine Newt (Mesotriton alpestris)
- Genus Neurergus (Spotted Newts) - 4 species
- Yellow-Spotted Newt (Neurergus crocatus)
- Kaiser's Spotted Newt (Neurergus kaiseri)
- Kurdistan Spotted Newt (Neurergus microspilotus)
- Strauch's Spotted Newt (Neurergus strauchii)
- Genus Notophthalmus (Eastern Newts) - 3 species
- Black-Spotted Newt (Notophthalmus meridionalis)
- Striped Newt (Notophthalmus perstriatus)
- Eastern Newt (Notophthalmus viridescens)
- Genus Ommatotriton (Banded Newts) - 2 species
- Northern Banded Newt (Ommatotriton ophryticus)
- Southern Banded Newt (Ommatotriton vittatus)
- Genus Pachytriton (Paddle-Tail Newts) - 2 species (with 4 more to be evaluated)
- Spotted Paddle-Tail Newt (Pachytriton brevipes)
- Paddle-Tail Newt (Pachytriton labiatus)
- probably 4 more species not yet described completely. Known as Pachytriton A, B,C & D.
- Genus Paramesotriton (Warty Newts) -7 species
- Spot-Tailed Warty Newt (Paramesotriton caudopunctatus)
- Chinese Warty Newt (Paramesotriton chinensis)
- Tam Dao Warty Newt (Paramesotriton deloustali)
- Wanggao Warty Newt (Paramesotriton fuzhongensis)
- Guangxi Warty Newt (Paramesotriton guanxiensis)
- Hong Kong Warty Newt (Paramesotriton hongkongensis)
- Laos Warty Newt (Paramesotriton laoensis)
- Genus Pleurodeles (Ribbed Newts) - 3 species
- Algerian Ribbed Newt(Pleurodeles nebulosus)
- Edough Ribbed Newt (Pleurodeles poireti)
- Spanish Ribbed Newt (Pleurodeles waltl)
- Genus Salamandrina (Spectacled Salamanders) -2 species
- Southern Spectacled Salamander (Salamandrina terdigitata)
- Northern Spectacled Salamander (Salamandrina perspicillata)
- Genus Taricha (Western Newts / Pacific Newts) - 3 species
- Rough-Skinned Newt (Taricha granulosa)
- Red-Bellied Newt (Taricha rivularis)
- California Newt (Taricha torosa)
- Genus Triturus (Crested Newts) -7species
- Italian Crested Newt (Triturus carnifex)
- Northern Crested Newt (Triturus cristatus)
- Danube Crested Newt (Triturus dobrogicus)
- Southern Crested Newt (Triturus karelinii)
- Marbled Newt (Triturus marmoratus)
- Pygmy Marbled Newt (Triturus pygmaeus)
- Genus Tylototriton (Crocodile Newts) - 8 species
- Black Knobby Newt (Tylototriton asperrimus)
- Hainan Knobby Newt (Tylototriton hainanensis)
- Red-Tailed Knobby Newt (Tylototriton kweichowensis)
- Mandarin Newt (Tylototriton shanjing)
- Taliang Knobby Newt (Tylototriton taliangensis)
- Himalayan Crocodile Newt (Tylototriton verrucosus)
- Vietnamese Crocodile Newt (Tylototriton vietnamensis)
- Wenxian Knobby Newt (Tylototriton wenxianensis)
- Genus Calotriton (Spanish Brook Newts) - 2 species
- Subfamily Salamandrinae
- Genus Chioglossa - 1 species
- Gold-Striped Salamander (Chioglossa lusitanica)
- Genus Lyciasalamandra - 7 species
- Anatolia Lycian Salamander (Lyciasalamandra antalyana)
- Atif's Lycian Salamander (Lyciasalamandra atifi)
- Bay Lycian Salamander (Lyciasalamandra billae)
- Fazil Lycian Salamander (Lyciasalamandra fizilae)
- Marmaris Lycian Salamander (Lyciasalamandra flavimembris)
- Karpathos Lycian Salamander (Lyciasalamandra helverseni)
- Luschan's Salamander (Lyciasalamandra luschani)
- Genus Mertensiella - 1 species
- Caucasian Salamander (Mertensiella caucasica)
- Genus Salamandra (Fire Salamanders) - 6 species
- Algerian Fire Salamander (Salamandra algira)
- Alpine Salamander (Salamandra atra)
- Corsican Fire Salamander (Salamandra corsica)
- Near Eastern Fire Salamander (Salamandra infraimmaculata)
- Lanza's Alpine Salamander (Salamandra lanzai)
- Fire Salamander (Salamandra salamandra)
- Genus Chioglossa - 1 species
Notes
- ^ a b Lanza, B., Vanni, S., & Nistri, A. (1998). Cogger, H.G. & Zweifel, R.G. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Reptiles and Amphibians. San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 73–74. ISBN 0-12-178560-2.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/references.php?id=27224
External links
Data related to Salamandridae at Wikispecies
Media related to Salamandridae at Wikimedia Commons
Caudate families by suborder | ||
|---|---|---|
| Cryptobranchoidea |  | |
| Salamandroidea | ||
| Sirenoidea | ||