Securities industry in China

Securities industry in China is an article on the securities industry in mainland China.

History

1995, China's first joint venture investment bank – China International Capital Corp (CICC) was established, shareholders included Morgan Stanley International.
March 2002, Changjiang Securities and BNP Paribas signed the Sino-foreign joint venture securities companies’ framework agreement, establishing the first joint-venture securities company after China entered the WTO.
June 2002, China Securities Regulatory Commission issued the "Establishment of Securities Companies with Foreign Equity Participation Rules", setting the maximum stake at 33% for foreign joint venture partners. The measure was implemented on July 1, 2002.
2004, Goldman Sachs Group joined with Gao Hua Securities to establish a joint venture Goldman Sachs Gao Hua Securities in order to enter China market.
September 2005, UBS Restructuring of Beijing Securities Project, preparation of UBS Securities was approved by the State Council. This was the first time for mainland to allow foreign institutions to own the management rights of mainland securities companies. This was also the first case for foreign institute to own the mainland securities license.
September 2006, China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) announced a suspension on approval of new securities companies (including foreign-invested securities companies) and commercial offices.
May 2007, in the Second Sino-US Strategic Economic Dialogue (SED), Chinese Government promised to resume approval of new securities companies and declare a gradual expansion in the business scope of joint venture securities companies before the Third SED.
December 2007, CSRC announced the resume of approval of Joint-venture securities companies and qualified securities companies can apply to set up.^[1]
July 2007, CSRC announced a new regulatory classification base on securities companies risk managing ability and classified them into A (AAA, AA, A), B (BBB, BB, B), C(CCC, CC, C), D and E 11 classes.
December 2007, SCRC started to launch business license management on securities companies which indicate that securities companies’ ability on risk management will directly affect their capability in business scope, especially in the innovation business license^[2]
2007, 17 brokerages received A-class rating, in which 2 of them are AA while 15 are A in rating.
July 2008, 31 brokerages received A-class rating, in which 10 of them are AA while 21 are A in rating.
May 26, 2009, CSRC announced a new securities regulatory classification in order to improve the existing classification criteria of securities companies. Under new regulation, 30 brokerages received A-class rating, 58 in B-class rating and 17 in C-class rating.
China's securities companies are facing more fierce competitors from outside investors. Goldman Sachs, UBS and many other international foreign institutions started to set up joint venture securities companies in China.^[3]

Regulation

In mainland China, the China Securities Regulatory Commission is the primary regulator; however, it has delegated certain activities to a self-regulatory organization called the Securities Association of China (SAC).

Mainland China began an IPO sponsor system began in 2004, which is similar to a sponsor system in Hong Kong began in 1999.^[4] In order to be publicly listed in China, a prospective listing firm must be sponsored by a securities company (investment bank) and the sponsor must assign sponsor representatives to the listing firm.^[5] This In 2012, the SAC took over registration of sponsor representatives. The exam to become a sponsor representative is extremely difficult, with a one percent passing rate,^[4] and sponsor representatives have been highly compensated, with $1 million annual salaries in 2010. Despite this, they are viewed as often ineffective.^[4]

Equity share types and foreign investment

Mainland shares are known as A-shares and are not typically available for purchase by foreigners. B-shares are available to foreigners, but are reputed to be more risky as they are available for less desirable companies. H-shares are for mainland China companies which are traded on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange.

Institutional investors can apply to become Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors (a program which began in 2002) and then are allowed to buy A-shares; the minimum assets under management was reduced from $5 billion to $500 million in 2012.^[6]

On 10 November 2017, China allowed foreign participation up to 51% in securities ventures.^[7]

On March 13, 2020, the Securities Regulatory Commission announced that the restriction on foreign shareholding ratio of securities companies will be abolished from April 1, 2020, and qualified foreign investors may submit applications for the establishment of securities companies or change of the actual controller of the companies in accordance with the requirements of laws and regulations, relevant regulations of the SFC and relevant service guidelines in accordance with the law. In the presence of the huge Chinese market, foreign-owned brokerage firms are coming in droves.[1]

Securities companies classification

The China Securities Regulatory Commission in 2021 has classified securities companies as the following: ^[8]

AA

A

AVIC Securities
BOC International
Beijing Gaohua
Caida Securities
Caitong Securities
Capital Securities
CDB Securities
Changjiang Securities
Credit Suisse Founder
Dongguan Securities
Dongxing Securities
Eastern Fortune
Founder Securities
Great Wall Securities
Guoyuan Securities
Huaan Securities
Huachuang Securities
Hualin Securities
Huaxin Securities
Minmetals Securities
Nanjing Securities
Open Source Securities
Shanxi Securities
Sinolink Securities
Soochow Securities
Southwest Securities
Tianfeng Securities
Tokai Securities
UBS Securities, China Branch
Warburg Securities
West China Securities
Western Securities
Zheshang Securities
Zhongtai Securities
Zhongtian Guofu

BBB

Bohai Securities
Caixin Securities
Central China Securities
Cinda Securities
Fed Securities
Gold Dollar Securities
Goldman Sachs Gao Hua
Great Wall Guorui
Guohai Securities
Haitong Securities
HSBC Qianhai
Huajin Securities
Hualong Securities
Huaxing Securities
Morgan Stanley Huaxin
Northeast Securities
Shengang Securities
Zhongtian Securities

BB

Century Securities
Datong Securities
East Asia Qianhai
First Capital Securities
Guolian Securities
Guorong Securities
Hongta Securities
Huafu Securities
Intime Securities
Kyushu Securities
Minsheng Securities
Wanlian Securities
Xiangcai Securities
Yingda Securities
Yongxing Securities
Yuekai Securities

CCC

Aijian Securities
Chase Securities
China Post Securities
Guosheng Securities
Hengtai Securities
Horizon Securities
Huarong Securities
Jianghai Securities
New Era Securities
Pacific Securities
Zhongshan Securities

CC

Guodu Securities

C

Chuancai Securities

D

N-Securities

Rankings

Data as of March 31, 2017

Ranking	Company	Total Assets (RMB 1B)	Total Revenue (RMB 1B)	Net Profit (RMB 1B)
1	CITIC Securities	624.58	8.46	2.43
2	Haitong Securities	559.05	6.85	2.59
3	Guotai Junan Securities	390.73	5.97	2.77
4	Huatai Securities	382.25	3.78	1.37
5	GF Securities	354.94	4.94	2.22
6	China Merchant Securities	242.94	2.83	1.38
7	China Galaxy Securities	234.92	1.65	1.13
8	Orient Securities	203.79	2.41	0.87
9	Guosen Securities	185.09	2.63	1.04
10	Founder Securities	149.59	1.32	0.41

Source: S&P Global^[9]

References

^ "中国证券业发展史 - 中华证券学习网". Archived from the original on April 2, 2012. Retrieved September 26, 2011.
^ "《证券公司分类监管工作指引（试行）》发布_证券新闻_财经_腾讯网". Finance.qq.com. Retrieved 2012-08-04.
^ "中国证券业发展现状点评_花树_新浪博客". Blog.sina.com.cn. 2010-08-23. Retrieved 2012-08-04.
^ ^a ^b ^c Changxin G. (2011). Lack of due diligence makes it difficult for traders to take stock. Chinadaily.
^ [CSRC Decree No.58]: Administrative Measures on Sponsorship for Securities Issuance and Listing Archived 2011-11-28 at the Wayback Machine. China Securities Regulatory Commission.
^ New Chinese policy may favor big foreign investors. Pensions & Investments.
^ "China Makes Historic Move to Open Market for Financial Firms". Bloomberg.com. 10 November 2017.
^ "中国证监会公布2021年证券公司分类结果_天津监管局". www.csrc.gov.cn. Retrieved 2022-09-17.
^ Garrido, Francis (4 July 2017). "CITIC Securities, Haitong Securities top China broker/dealer asset rankings". S&P Global.

External links

[1] "中国证券业发展史 - 中华证券学习网". Archived from the original on April 2, 2012. Retrieved September 26, 2011.

[2] "《证券公司分类监管工作指引（试行）》发布_证券新闻_财经_腾讯网". Finance.qq.com. Retrieved 2012-08-04.

[3] "中国证券业发展现状点评_花树_新浪博客". Blog.sina.com.cn. 2010-08-23. Retrieved 2012-08-04.

[Changxin2011-4] Changxin G. (2011). Lack of due diligence makes it difficult for traders to take stock. Chinadaily.

[5] [CSRC Decree No.58]: Administrative Measures on Sponsorship for Securities Issuance and Listing Archived 2011-11-28 at the Wayback Machine. China Securities Regulatory Commission.

[6] New Chinese policy may favor big foreign investors. Pensions & Investments.

[7] "China Makes Historic Move to Open Market for Financial Firms". Bloomberg.com. 10 November 2017.

[8] "中国证监会公布2021年证券公司分类结果_天津监管局". www.csrc.gov.cn. Retrieved 2022-09-17.

[9] Garrido, Francis (4 July 2017). "CITIC Securities, Haitong Securities top China broker/dealer asset rankings". S&P Global.

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