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Socrates Nelson

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Socrates Nelson
Member of the Minnesota Senate
from the 1st district
In office
December 7, 1859 – January 8, 1861
Personal details
BornJanuary 11, 1814 (1814-01-11)
Conway, Massachusetts, U.S.
DiedMay 6, 1867(1867-05-06) (aged 53)
Stillwater, Minnesota, U.S.
Cause of deathTuberculosis[6]
Resting placeFairview Cemetery
Political partyDemocratic[1]
SpouseBetsey D. Bartlett[a]
ChildrenEmma A. Nelson[2]
Ella Nelson[3]
Hettie Carson (adopted)[4]
Parents
  • Socrates Nelson (father)
  • Dorothy Boyden (mother)
EducationDeerfield Academy[5]
OccupationMerchant, politician, lumberman, real estate investor
CommitteesRailroad and Railroad Bonds Special Committee
State Prison Committee

Socrates Nelson (January 11, 1814 – May 6, 1867) was an American businessman, politician, and pioneer who served one term as a Minnesota state senator from 1859 to 1861. He was heavily involved in the community of early Stillwater, being a founding member of the first Independent Order of Odd Fellows lodge in Minnesota as well one of the earliest members of the Minnesota Historical Society. As a businessman, he was a merchant, lumberman, and real estate speculator associated with numerous companies in the insurance and rail industries. In politics, he was involved in the formation of the Minnesota Territory and the Minnesota Democratic Party, held various posts such as county treasurer, territorial auditor, and county commissioner, and was a member of the University of Minnesota Board of Regents before being elected to the senate.

Early life

Panoramic sketch of Stillwater drawn in 1870. The courthouse built on land donated by Nelson appears along Third Street next to the '1' marker.

Born in Conway, Massachusetts on January 11, 1814,[6] to Socrates Nelson and Dorothy Boyden,[8] Nelson lived in nearby Greenfield and attended Deerfield Academy before returning to his hometown to become a merchant.[5][9] He moved to Illinois in 1839 on a prospecting tour at age 25 and then to St. Louis, Missouri in 1840 to sell goods and collect furs.[10][3] There, he would meet future business partner Levi Churchill and his wife Elizabeth Marion Churchill (née Proctor).[5] In spring 1844, he traveled up the Mississippi River to the mouth of the Chippewa River in the Wisconsin Territory and opened a trading post at a site – since washed away – known as Nelson's Landing or Nelson's Point.[3][6][11][b] He married Betsey D. Bartlett[a] (born September 6, 1813) that fall in Hennepin, Illinois, who had moved there with her parents after the death of her previous husband.[14]

That same fall, he took a steamboat farther north to the recently settled town of Stillwater and opened its first general store, known as Nelson's Warehouse,[5][15][16][c] and his family joined him soon after.[20] With the Churchills remaining temporarily behind in St. Louis, the two parties would exchange goods through the Mississippi River – Nelson's furs for Churchill's merchandise.[5] In 1845, shortly after arriving in Stillwater, Nelson, Churchill, and other early settlers of the area laid claim to large tracts of land near the St. Croix River, which they would later purchase from the General Land Office in 1849.[21][3] By the summer of 1847, Nelson was shipping rafts of white pine hundreds of miles downriver to St. Louis,[22] and in the summer of 1848, he and Churchill had together purchased an area of timberland.[23]

On September 22, 1848, he and Betsey had two children – twins Emma A. and Ella Nelson – but Ella later died in infancy on October 23, 1849.[24][6][2] That same year, Nelson became founding member of the Minnesota Historical Society,[25] and on November 1, he was named a corporator of the Minnesota Mutual Fire Insurance Company.[26] Along with state legislator Mahlon Black, Nelson became one of the first two men in Minnesota to be initiated into the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, later co-founding Minnesota Lodge No. 1 in Stillwater in 1852.[27][28]

Business ventures

Nelson entered the lumber business in earnest on February 7, 1851, when the Minnesota Territorial Legislature organized the St. Croix Boom Company with Nelson made one of the incorporators.[29][30][3] In 1852, Nelson – along with business associates David B. Loomis and Daniel Mears – constructed a lumber mill in what is now Bayport, called the S. Nelson Lumber Company.[31] That same year, Nelson and others platted and named Baytown Township, erecting a boarding house for the mill.[32][9] The steam-powered sawmill operated from 1853, which saw Nelson's departure from the mercantile business,[33] to November 1858, when the company dissolved;[34][35] it would be rebuilt in 1873 as the St. Croix Lumber Company.[31][36] In early March 1853, he became one of the corporators of the Louisiana and Minnesota Railroad Company,[37][d] the St. Paul Fire and Marine Insurance Company,[40] and the Minnesota Western Railroad Company.[41]

Riding a boom in real estate speculation and soaring land prices, Nelson and Churchill deeded 40 acres (0.16 km2) of land in January 1857 to St. Paul real estate salesman Robert F. Slaughter, half of which he deeded in turn to Hilary B. Hancock.[42] Along with their wives, the four platted the area of nearly 500 lots on June 15, just months before the onset of a worldwide financial crisis known as the Panic of 1857.[43] Amid a collapsing real estate market and with speculation screeching to a halt, the value of the now-platted and mostly unsold land plummeted to practical worthlessness.[43][44] Months after the Panic began that August, Levi Churchill died in St. Louis on December 24, ceding his estate to Elizabeth.[2] Demoralized by deflated land prices, Slaughter and Hancock forfeited their claim to the lots.[2]

On January 27, 1867, during his twilight months, Nelson became a corporator of the Stillwater & St. Paul Railroad.[45] In April 1867, hoping to spur development and drive demand for nearby lots they owned,[46] Nelson and Elizabeth Churchill offered to give the city of Stillwater an entire block of land for $5 (equivalent to $109 in 2023) with no strings attached for the construction of a courthouse; the city accepted, and as of 2021, the building is the longest-standing courthouse in Minnesota.[47][48] Following Nelson's death that May, Betsey, alongside local businessman and court clerk Harvey Wilson (d. November 13, 1876), would continue to manage his business affairs, both trustees under Nelson's will.[49][50] Owing to development sparked by the courthouse, the lots began selling for sometimes upward of $1000 apiece (equivalent to $21,800 in 2023).[2] In 1867, Nelson's estate was valued at over $100,000, equivalent to $2,180,000 in 2023.[51][7] By November 1880, this inheritance had been reduced by one-third, and by September 1901, it had plunged to under $1000, equivalent to $36,600 in 2023, due to extravagant spending by Nelson's son-in-law.[52]

Political career

A tablet commemorating the sixty-one delegates who attended the 1848 Stillwater convention, one of whom was Socrates Nelson

In 1846, Nelson was treasurer for St. Croix County, Wisconsin Territory, and in 1847, he was treasurer and a county commissioner.[53] He was one of sixty-one delegates at the August 26, 1848, Stillwater convention,[54] whose petition to Congress led to the 1849 establishment of the Minnesota Territory.[54][55] A committee of David Lambert (its chairman), Nelson, and three others[e] met in Nelson's general store during the convention's recess to draft a report of the convention's resolutions.[56] Later that year, on October 20, Nelson became a founding member of the Minnesota Democratic Party at a convention held in Saint Paul.[57]

On November 26, 1849, he was elected to serve as treasurer for the newly formed Washington County, Minnesota Territory.[58] He was on the University of Minnesota Board of Regents from February 1851 (the first Board[f]) to February 1859, serving on the building committee which, in May 1856, was assigned to solicit plans for necessary buildings.[59][60][61] He served as Minnesota Territorial Auditor under Governor Willis A. Gorman from May 15, 1853, to January 17, 1854,[62][63] succeeding Abraham Van Vorhes and preceding Julius Georgii.[64][65] In 1852, 1855, and 1856, he served as a commissioner for Washington County.[66] In May 1858, he named the township of Greenfield just east of Stillwater after his former Massachusetts home, which was later renamed to Grant Township in 1864.[9] On October 4, 1858, Nelson – alongside Charles E. Leonard – was declared the Minnesota Democratic Party's Washington County nomination for state senator.[67]

Nelson served in the Minnesota Senate from 1859 to 1861, elected as a Democrat from the 1st district on October 12, 1858, along with Republican William McKusick.[68][1] During his term in the 2nd Minnesota Legislature, he served on the Railroad and Railroad Bonds Special Committee and the State Prison Committee.[68] In the winter of 1859, Nelson was one of five Democrats in the Minnesota Senate to vote in favor of a bill – introduced by Charles N. Mackubin – to legalize slavery in Minnesota.[69][g] On October 12, 1860, the Democratic District Convention met and nominated Nelson for the 2nd district; Republicans nominated Joel K. Reiner,[70][71] a physician who had previously served the 1st district in the 1st Minnesota Legislature.[72] Reiner won the election held on November 6, 1860, defeating Nelson as part of a string of legislative gains for Minnesota's Republican Party.[73][74]

Nelson later served on the Stillwater City Council from 1863 to 1865,[75] and in 1864, he was elected as a delegate for the Democratic National Convention.[76]

Later life

In 1859 and 1866, he was the president of the Old Settlers Association,[77] having been one of its charter members.[78] In 1866, he was a trustee for the local society of Christian universalists.[79] At some point later in his life, he would come to own an Indian pony mare named Lady Maguire.[80]

Nelson died of tuberculosis in Stillwater, Minnesota on the morning of May 6, 1867, at the age of 53,[6][33] having been ill for several months and bedridden for several weeks.[81][82] An obituary in local newspaper The Stillwater Messenger reported the closure of most of the city's businesses that afternoon in observance of his death.[83] Four years later in 1871, Emma married attorney Fayette Marsh, a former engineer and chronic alcoholic who had studied law and moved to Stillwater to co-found a firm.[84][52] They had three children – Ella N., Nelson Orris, and Faith Marsh[85] – before Emma died on November 23, 1880, at age 32 of what was described as "a short but painful illness".[84][86] From fall 1876 – when she ceased managing Nelson's estate – to 1882, Betsey lived in the Marsh residence. She died five years after Emma of heart complications on October 8, 1885, at age 72, having been ill for two months prior.[14][87][12]

Legacy

A plaque on the north portico of the Washington County Historic Courthouse commemorates the date when Nelson and Churchill sold the block of land for its construction.[48]

In 1885, the Nelson School, named after him, was constructed in Stillwater and opened on September 28 of that year.[88] To accommodate a growing student body, a new facility was opened at the same site on September 25, 1897,[89][90] and on October 25, 1979, the building was listed in the National Register of Historic Places.[91]

  • The Washington County Historic Courthouse in Stillwater, Minnesota
    The Washington County Historic Courthouse in Stillwater, Minnesota
  • A marker erected by the Minnesota Historical Society retelling the construction of the courthouse
    A marker erected by the Minnesota Historical Society retelling the construction of the courthouse
  • The building of the Nelson School, named in Socrates Nelson's honor
    The building of the Nelson School, named in Socrates Nelson's honor

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b Betsey D. Bartlett is referred to in various sources as 'Betsy' and 'Bertha' (and in one contemporary news source as 'Martha E.'[12]), but US census data from 1850 records her given name as 'Betsey D.'[13]
  2. ^ This post was located approximately three miles south of Wabasha, Minnesota.[11]
  3. ^ Nelson built the general store under the same roof as his Main Street home,[17] located near the St. Croix by the intersection of modern-day Nelson Street and South Main Street.[5] While one source leaves room for error, calling his store "the first, or among the first, in Stillwater",[18] and another calls both Nelson's and Walter R. Vail's the first,[19] there are no accounts of any before it, and it is therefore regarded unambiguously by most sources as the first.
  4. ^ No railroad was ever laid by the Louisiana and Minnesota Railroad Company.[38] On March 5, 1869, the Minnesota Legislature transferred the benefits and powers the company had been given by the Minnesota Territorial Legislature to the Brownsville, Caledonia and State Line Railroad Company.[39]
  5. ^ The three others were Henry L. Moss, Orange Walker, and Joseph R. Brown.[56]
  6. ^ Nelson served on the first Board of Regents alongside Isaac Atwater, Joseph W. Furber, William Rainey Marshall, Bradley B. Meeker, Alexander Ramsey, Henry Mower Rice, Henry Hastings Sibley, Charles K. Smith, Franklin Steele, Nathan C. D. Taylor, and Abraham Van Vorhes.[59]
  7. ^ The other yeas were Mackubin himself, Samuel Emery Adams, Thomas Clark, and Joel D. Cruttenden.[69]

References

  1. ^ a b Easton 1909, p. 88.
  2. ^ a b c d e Empson 2002, p. 18.
  3. ^ a b c d e Easton 1909, p. 323.
  4. ^ Folsom 1888, p. 79.
  5. ^ a b c d e f Empson 2002, p. 10.
  6. ^ a b c d e The United States Biographical Dictionary and Portrait Gallery of Eminent and Self-Made Men. Vol. Minnesota Volume. New York and Chicago: American Biographical Publishing Company. 1879. pp. 235–236. LCCN 17014354.
  7. ^ a b Empson 2002, p. 18, 25.
  8. ^ Boyden, Boyden & Boyden 1901, p. 108.
  9. ^ a b c Upham, Warren (2001). "Washington County". Minnesota Place Names: A Geographical Encylcopedia (Third ed.). Minnesota Historical Society Press. pp. 616–617. ISBN 0-87351-396-7. LCCN 00048207.
  10. ^ Folsom 1888, p. 58–59.
  11. ^ a b "With Keen Knives: A Bloody Fight That Occurred Between Sioux and Chippewa Indians". The Sunday Tribune. Vol. XXVI, no. 137. Minneapolis, MN. September 25, 1892. p. 14. Retrieved April 7, 2021 – via the Minnesota Historical Society.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  12. ^ a b "An Old Settler Dead". St. Paul Daily Globe (obituary). Vol. VII, no. 282. October 9, 1885. p. 5. Retrieved December 24, 2020 – via the Library of Congress.
  13. ^ 1850; Stillwater Precinct, Washington County, Minnesota Territory; roll M432-367, page 67A,. Retrieved on December 23, 2020. URL
  14. ^ a b Folsom 1888, p. 59.
  15. ^ Peterson, Brent (April 25, 2014). "Back in Time: Janda's, a department store legacy". Stillwater Gazette. Archived from the original on December 21, 2020. Retrieved December 21, 2020.
  16. ^ Easton 1909, p. 216.
  17. ^ Holcombe 1908, p. 109.
  18. ^ Easton 1909, p. 20.
  19. ^ Grönberger, Robert (1879). Svenskarne i St. Croix-dalen, Minnesota [The Swedes in St. Croix Valley, Minnesota] (in Swedish). Minneapolis, MN: Stats Tidningens Tryckeri. p. 51. LCCN 22007161. Socrates Nelson och Walter R. Vail voro de första köpmän och hade den första handelsbod i Stillwater. [Socrates Nelson and Walter R. Vail were the first merchants and had the first shop in Stillwater.]
  20. ^ Folsom 1888, p. 38.
  21. ^ Empson 2002, p. 10–11.
  22. ^ Easton 1909, p. 303.
  23. ^ Larson, Agnes Mathilda (2007) [1949]. "The Pinelands of the St. Croix Delta Become the Property of Lumbermen". The White Pine Industry in Minnesota: A History. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press. p. 54. ISBN 978-0-8166-5149-8. JSTOR 10.5749/j.ctttt0r5. LCCN 2007017411. Retrieved April 10, 2021.
  24. ^ Easton 1909, p. 115, 323.
  25. ^ Annual Report of the Minnesota Historical Society, Read at the Annual Meeting, Jan. 20, 1868. Saint Paul, MN: Press Printing Company. 1868. p. 13.
  26. ^ Minnesota Territorial Legislature & Minnesota Supreme Court 1853, p. 66.
  27. ^ Peterson, Brent (September 3, 2020). "A bunch of Odd Fellows". Stillwater Gazette. Archived from the original on September 21, 2020. Retrieved December 21, 2020.
  28. ^ Minnesota Territorial Legislature & Minnesota Supreme Court 1853, p. 80–81.
  29. ^ Peterson, Brent (May 14, 2018). "The drive to the boom: log floated along the St. Croix". Forest Lake Times. Archived from the original on May 14, 2018.
  30. ^ Folsom 1888, p. 696.
  31. ^ a b Holmes 1908, p. 403.
  32. ^ Seward; Taylor, eds. (May 8, 1880). "Boarding house fire". Stillwater Messenger. Vol. XXV, no. 34. Retrieved April 8, 2021 – via the Minnesota Historical Society.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  33. ^ a b Collections of the Minnesota Historical Society: Minnesota Biographies 1655–1912. Vol. XIV. St. Paul, MN: Minnesota Historical Society. June 1912. pp. 543–544. Retrieved December 21, 2020.
  34. ^ Torres, Angela R. (May 15, 2009). 2030 Comprehensive Plan Update (PDF) (Master of Urban and Regional Planning thesis). University of Minnesota. p. 6. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 24, 2020.
  35. ^ Van Vorhes, Andrew J.; Easton, Augustus B., eds. (January 12, 1858). "Saw Mill for Sale". The Stillwater Messenger (advertisement). Vol. 2, no. 17. Retrieved April 9, 2021 – via the Minnesota Historical Society.
  36. ^ Easton 1909, p. 26.
  37. ^ "An Act to incorporate the Louisiana and Minnesota Rail Road Company". Session Laws of the Territory of Minnesota, Passed by the Legislative Assembly at the Session Commencing Wednesday, January 5, 1853. Saint Paul, MN. 1853. p. 15.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  38. ^ Holmes 1908, p. 339.
  39. ^ Special Laws of the State of Minnesota, Passed During the Eleventh Session of the State Legislature. Saint Paul, MN. 1869. p. 234.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  40. ^ Minnesota Territorial Legislature & Minnesota Supreme Court 1853, p. 138.
  41. ^ Minnesota Territorial Legislature & Minnesota Supreme Court 1853, p. 143.
  42. ^ Empson 2002, p. 13–15.
  43. ^ a b Empson 2002, p. 15–17.
  44. ^ Ross, Michael A. (2003). "The Panic of 1857". Justice of Shattered Dreams: Samuel Freeman Miller perand the Supreme Court During the Civil War Era. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press. p. 41. ISBN 978-0-8071-2868-8.
  45. ^ Executive Documents of the State of Minnesota, for the Year 1871. Vol. II. Saint Paul, MN. 1872. p. 97.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  46. ^ Empson 2002, p. 17.
  47. ^ Dunn, James Taylor (December 1962). "Minnesota's Oldest Courthouse" (PDF). Minnesota History. 38 (4): 186–189. JSTOR 20176468. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 17, 2020. Retrieved December 21, 2020.
  48. ^ a b "Washington County Historic Courthouse". Washington County Parks. June 21, 2020. Archived from the original on December 21, 2020. Retrieved December 21, 2020.
  49. ^ Empson 2002, p. 18, 26.
  50. ^ Seward; Taylor, eds. (November 17, 1876). "Harvey Wilson". Stillwater Messenger (obituary). Vol. XXII, no. 12. Retrieved April 8, 2021 – via the Minnesota Historical Society.
  51. ^ "Minnesota State News". New Ulm Weekly Review. Vol. VIII, no. 46. November 11, 1885. p. 2. ISSN 2166-8124. LCCN sn89064939. Retrieved December 24, 2020 – via the Library of Congress.
  52. ^ a b Empson 2002, p. 25–26, 54–55.
  53. ^ Neill 1881, p. 322.
  54. ^ a b Blegen, Theodore C. (December 1936). "Some Sources for St. Croix Valley History" (PDF). Minnesota History. 17 (4): 385–395. JSTOR 20162131. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 14, 2020. Retrieved December 24, 2020.
  55. ^ "Stillwater". Encyclopædia Britannica. March 15, 2013.
  56. ^ a b Moss, Henry L. (1898). "Last Days of Wisconsin Territory and Early Days of Minnesota Territory". Collections of the Minnesota Historical Society. Vol. VII. Saint Paul, MN: Minnesota Historical Society. p. 76.
  57. ^ Goodhue, James M.; Goodhue, Isaac N., eds. (October 25, 1849). "Democratic Mass Convention". The Minnseota Pioneer. Vol. I, no. XXVII. St. Paul, Minnesota Territory. Retrieved April 6, 2021 – via the Minnesota Historical Society.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  58. ^ Goodhue, James M.; Goodhue, Isaac N., eds. (December 26, 1849). "Official Canvass of the election in Washington County, as returned from several precincts, held November 26th, 1849". The Minnesota Pioneer. Vol. I, no. XXXVI. St. Paul, Minnesota Territory. Retrieved April 6, 2021 – via the Minnesota Historical Society.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  59. ^ a b Burnquist 1924, p. 23.
  60. ^ "Nelson, Socrates". Minnesota Legislative Reference Library. Archived from the original on December 21, 2020. Retrieved April 11, 2021.
  61. ^ Stevens, John Harrington (1890). Personal recollections of Minnesota and its people, and early history of Minneapolis. Minneapolis, MN. pp. 284–285.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  62. ^ Holm, Mike (1937). The Legislative Manual of the State of Minnesota (PDF). Minneapolis, MN: McGill Lithograph Co. p. 72 – via the Minnesota Legislative Reference Library.
  63. ^ Burnquist 1924, p. 23, 593.
  64. ^ "Facts and Fancies". The Weekly Minnesotian. Vol. 2, no. 39. June 11, 1853. p. 2. ISSN 2694-4472. LCCN sn83016750. Retrieved December 24, 2020 – via the Library of Congress.
  65. ^ "Territorial and State Officers". Album of History and Biography of Meeker County, Minnesota. Chicago: Alden Ogle & Co. 1888. p. 140.
  66. ^ Neill 1881, p. 323.
  67. ^ "Washington County Nominations". Saint Paul Weekly Minnesotian. Vol. 8, no. 2. October 9, 1958. p. 2. ISSN 2694-4308. LCCN sn90059500. Retrieved December 25, 2020 – via the Library of Congress.
  68. ^ a b "Legislators Past & Present | Socrates Nelson". Minnesota Legislative Reference Library. Minnesota Legislature. Archived from the original on December 21, 2020.
  69. ^ a b Pratt, F. H., ed. (November 1, 1860). "Republican Nominations". Taylor Falls Reporter. Vol. 1, no. 37. Taylors Falls, MN. Retrieved April 6, 2021 – via the Minnesota Historical Society.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  70. ^ "Democratic Nominations for the Second District". The Weekly Pioneer and Democrat. Vol. XII, no. 29. October 26, 1860. p. 3. ISSN 2694-4251. LCCN sn83016751. Retrieved December 24, 2020 – via the Library of Congress.
  71. ^ "Our Own State". The Weekly Pioneer and Democrat. Vol. XII, no. 29. Saint Paul, MN. October 26, 1860. p. 2. ISSN 2694-4251. LCCN sn83016751. Retrieved December 24, 2020 – via the Library of Congress.
  72. ^ "Reiner, Joel K. "J.K."". Minnesota Legislative Reference Library. Minnesota Legislature. Archived from the original on December 24, 2020. Retrieved December 24, 2020.
  73. ^ "The State Election". The Weekly Pioneer and Democrat. Vol. XII, no. 31. November 9, 1860. p. 4. ISSN 2694-4251. LCCN sn83016751. Retrieved December 24, 2020 – via the Library of Congress.
  74. ^ Dubin, Michael J. (2007). Party Affiliations in the State Legislatures: A Year by Year Summary, 1796–2006. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company. p. 102. ISBN 978-1-4766-0776-4. LCCN 2007018479.
  75. ^ Easton 1909, p. 214.
  76. ^ "Election of Delegates to the National Nominating Convention". The Weekly Pioneer and Democrat. Vol. XV, no. 48. June 3, 1864. p. 4. ISSN 2694-4251. LCCN sn83016751. Retrieved December 26, 2020 – via the Library of Congress.
  77. ^ Folsom 1888, p. 740.
  78. ^ Folsom 1888, p. 731.
  79. ^ Van Vorhes, Andrew J., ed. (August 8, 1866). "Items in Brief". The Stillwater Messenger. Vol. 10, no. 48. Retrieved April 6, 2021 – via the Minnesota Historical Society.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  80. ^ Wallace, John Hankins (1879). Wallace's American Trotting Register. Vol. III. New York: Wallace's Monthly. p. 458.
  81. ^ Perkins, T. H.; M'Master, William J., eds. (May 11, 1867). "Socrates Nelson". The Lake City Leader (obituary). Vol. II, no. 41. Retrieved April 6, 2021 – via the Minnesota Historical Society.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  82. ^ "Death of Hon. Socrates Nelson". Taylors Falls Reporter (obituary). Vol. 8, no. 26. Taylors Falls, MN. May 11, 1867. Retrieved April 6, 2021 – via the Minnesota Historical Society.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  83. ^ Van Vorhes, Andrew J., ed. (May 8, 1867). "Death of Hon. Socrates Nelson". The Stillwater Messenger (obituary). Vol. 11, no. 35. Retrieved April 18, 2021 – via the Minnesota Historical Society.
  84. ^ a b Peterson, Brent (May 19, 2017). "Back in Time: Fayette Marsh — battling personal demons". Stillwater Gazette. Archived from the original on December 21, 2020. Retrieved December 21, 2020. On Sept. 26, 1871, Marsh married Emma Nelson, the only child of Mr. and Mrs. Socrates Nelson. Together they had three children. Mrs. Marsh died Nov. 23, 1880, at the age of 32.
  85. ^ Empson 2002, p. 25.
  86. ^ "Death of Mrs. Fayette Marsh". The Saint Paul Daily Globe (obituary). Vol. III, no. 3. November 25, 1880. p. 2. Retrieved December 25, 2020 – via the Library of Congress.
  87. ^ Empson 2002, p. 26.
  88. ^ "Notes About Town". St. Paul Daily Globe. Vol. VII, no. 272. September 29, 1885. p. 5. Retrieved December 24, 2020 – via the Library of Congress.
  89. ^ Hoisington, Daniel J. (June 1, 2013). "Historic Site Designation" (PDF). Stillwater Heritage Preservation Commission. pp. 7–8. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 22, 2014. Retrieved December 23, 2020.
  90. ^ Easton 1909, p. 145.
  91. ^ "Nelson School". National Register of Historic Places. National Register Information System ID: 79001257. Archived from the original on December 24, 2020. Retrieved December 24, 2020.

Bibliography

Further reading

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